ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Mouse mutants with sleep defects may shed light on the mysteries of sleep
• Archaeological evidence at major risk in wetlands
• Genetic analysis identifies proteins controlling sleep in mice
• Potential treatment for Niemann-Pick type C disease
• Being more like men does not help women in STEM careers
• Fuel from sewage is the future
• Close galactic encounter leaves 'nearly naked' supermassive black hole
• New technique could boost online word-of-mouth marketing
• Words matter when talking about Alzheimer's
• 'Corkscrew' shape of blood flow in heart's upper chamber may signal lower stroke risk
• Make America tweet again
• Single mutation in recessive gene increases risk of earlier onset Parkinson's disease
• Tricking moths into revealing the computational underpinnings of sensory integration
• Sleep deprivation may cause people to eat more calories
• Women experience marked decline in sexual function in months immediately before and after onset of menopause
• A lot of blood, for no reason? Common, costly clot test has few benefits
• Psychology researchers map neurological process of learning, deciding
• Technology brings new precision to study of circadian rhythm in individual cells
• Brain volume predicts successful weight loss in the elderly
• Ultra-fast 2-D and 3-D printing: Major advance in field of high-speed beam-scanning devices
• Researcher reconsiders the advantage of left-handed pitchers
• Pillars of cosmic destruction: Colorful Carina Nebula blasted by brilliant nearby stars
• Trimming the spare tire: Canola oil may cut belly fat
• Well-being linked with when, how people manage emotions
• Balancing energy demand could save money
• Cause of inflammation in diabetes identified
• Environmentally-friendly pesticides: One hormone to rule them all
• Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy may trigger post-traumatic stress disorder
• Men welcome revolutionary male contraceptive
• Popcorn-rocks solve the mystery of the magma chambers
• Chemists create clusters of organelles by mimicking nature
• Controlling plant regeneration systems may drive the future of agriculture
• Fear of retaliation: Why we tend not to enforce social norms
• New study provides food carbon footprint pecking order
• Ovarian transplantation might be possible in future
• Natural pigments, useful raw materials from autumn leaves for industry
• New, space-based view of human-made carbon dioxide
• Two antibiotics fight bacteria differently than thought
• Nearly every American will know a victim of gun violence
• 3D-printed permanent magnets outperform conventional versions, conserve rare materials
• Creating a slippery slope on the surface of medical implants
• New instrument could search for signatures of life on Mars
• New study explains factors that influence the timing of infectious disease outbreaks

Mouse mutants with sleep defects may shed light on the mysteries of sleep Posted: 02 Nov 2016 11:42 AM PDT The first unbiased genetic screen for sleep defects in mice has yielded two interesting mutants, Sleepy, which sleeps excessively, and Dreamless, which lacks rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The findings are the first step towards discovering the biochemistry that controls the switch from wakefulness to sleep, the researchers say.

Archaeological evidence at major risk in wetlands Posted: 02 Nov 2016 11:34 AM PDT Important archaeological remains at wetland sites across the world could be at immediate risk, say researchers.

Genetic analysis identifies proteins controlling sleep in mice Posted: 02 Nov 2016 11:21 AM PDT A genetic screening approach has been used to identify mutations that affect sleep/wakefulness in mice, international researchers report. The amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM sleep shown to be regulated by NALCN and SIK3 proteins, respectively.

Potential treatment for Niemann-Pick type C disease Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:52 AM PDT Researchers have improved a potential treatment for a rare genetic disease, decreasing its negative toxic effects by threading it onto a dumb-bell-shaped chain and holding it in place until it reaches its target.

Being more like men does not help women in STEM careers Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:45 AM PDT Even when women were more like men 20 to 40 years ago, it didn't help them get a job in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, says one expert.

Fuel from sewage is the future Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:45 AM PDT It may sound like science fiction, but wastewater treatment plants across the United States may one day turn ordinary sewage into biocrude oil, thanks to new research. The technology, hydrothermal liquefaction, mimics the geological conditions Earth uses to create crude oil, using high pressure and temperature to achieve in minutes something that takes Mother Nature millions of years.

Close galactic encounter leaves 'nearly naked' supermassive black hole Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:09 AM PDT Astronomers have found the shredded remains of a galaxy that passed through a larger galaxy, leaving only the smaller galaxy's nearly-naked supermassive black hole to emerge and speed away at more than 2,000 miles per second.

New technique could boost online word-of-mouth marketing Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:09 AM PDT Researchers have developed a technique for creating complex predictive tools that can be used to make effective decisions about word-of-mouth marketing for online products and services.

Words matter when talking about Alzheimer's Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:08 AM PDT Using war metaphors in reference to Alzheimer's disease should be replaced with messages of resilience against a complex, age-associated condition that may not be fully defeatable, according to a team of researchers.

'Corkscrew' shape of blood flow in heart's upper chamber may signal lower stroke risk Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:08 AM PDT Using specialized CT scans of a healthy heart and one with heart disease, a team of cardiologists and biomedical engineers say they've created computer models of the "shape" of blood flow through the heart's upper left chamber that someday may help predict stroke risk.

Make America tweet again Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:07 AM PDT Computer scientists have developed what they call "sentiment analysis" software that can automatically determine how someone feels based on what they write or say. To test out the accuracy of this software's machine-learning model, the team used it to analyze the individual sentiments of more than 1.6 million (and counting) geo-tagged tweets about the U.S. presidential election over the last five months.

Single mutation in recessive gene increases risk of earlier onset Parkinson's disease Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:07 AM PDT A genetic mutation confers a risk for development of Parkinson's disease earlier than usual, an international team of researchers has discovered.

Tricking moths into revealing the computational underpinnings of sensory integration Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:07 AM PDT A research team has teased out how hawkmoths integrate signals from two sensory systems: vision and touch.

Sleep deprivation may cause people to eat more calories Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:07 AM PDT Sleep deprivation may result in people consuming more calories during the following day, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Women experience marked decline in sexual function in months immediately before and after onset of menopause Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:06 AM PDT Women experience a notable decline in sexual function approximately 20 months before and one year after their last menstrual period, and that decrease continues, though at a somewhat slower rate, over the following five years, according to a study.

A lot of blood, for no reason? Common, costly clot test has few benefits Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:06 AM PDT A half billion dollars – at least -- gets spent each year on blood tests to see which hospital patients have a genetic quirk that makes their blood more likely to form dangerous clots. And most of that spending probably isn't necessary, a new review shows.

Psychology researchers map neurological process of learning, deciding Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:06 AM PDT Scientists can now map what happens neurologically when new information influences a person to change his or her mind, a finding that offers more insight into the mechanics of learning.

Technology brings new precision to study of circadian rhythm in individual cells Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:04 AM PDT A new technology may help scientists better understand how an individual cell synchronizes its biological clock with other cells.

Brain volume predicts successful weight loss in the elderly Posted: 02 Nov 2016 10:04 AM PDT If you're trying to lose weight, what are your chances of success? Your brain may hold the key. Scientists believe they may have found a way to predict who will be successful in their weight-loss efforts with a quick, non-invasive brain scan.

Ultra-fast 2-D and 3-D printing: Major advance in field of high-speed beam-scanning devices Posted: 02 Nov 2016 07:13 AM PDT A major technological advance in the field of high-speed beam-scanning devices has increased the speed of 2-D and 3-D printing by up to 1000 times.

Researcher reconsiders the advantage of left-handed pitchers Posted: 02 Nov 2016 07:08 AM PDT For a moment, with the bases loaded and a 3-2 count on the batter, fans of the Cleveland Indians, up three runs in Game 1 of the World Series, held a collective breath.

Pillars of cosmic destruction: Colorful Carina Nebula blasted by brilliant nearby stars Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:47 AM PDT Spectacular new observations of vast pillar-like structures within the Carina Nebula have been made using the MUSE instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope. The different pillars analysed by an international team seem to be pillars of destruction -- in contrast to the name of the iconic Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula, which are of similar nature.

Trimming the spare tire: Canola oil may cut belly fat Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:45 AM PDT Canola oil is high in monounsaturated fatty acids, which have been shown to have beneficial effects on body composition, especially in people with obesity. When participants consumed conventional canola oil or high-oleic acid canola oil for just four weeks, they lost abdominal fat, report researchers.

Well-being linked with when, how people manage emotions Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:45 AM PDT Reframing how we think about a situation is a common strategy for managing our emotions, but a new study suggests that using this reappraisal strategy in situations we actually have control over may be associated with lower well-being.

Balancing energy demand could save money Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:04 AM PDT An incentive program that shifts electricity usage for low-priority activities to nonpeak times could help balance the demand for electricity and ease pressure on aging transmission lines. Utilities can then pass those energy savings on to consumers through discounted rates for those who agree to alter their energy usage habits, say authors of a new report.

Cause of inflammation in diabetes identified Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:03 AM PDT Inflammation is one of the main reasons why people with diabetes experience heart attacks, strokes, kidney problems and other, related complications. Now, in a surprise finding, researchers have discovered, in mice, that when certain immune cells can't manufacture fat, the mice don't develop diabetes and inflammation, even when consuming a high-fat diet.

Environmentally-friendly pesticides: One hormone to rule them all Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:01 AM PDT Identifying stress hormones in insects can be a step towards environmentally-friendly pesticides. Researchers have discovered that one hormone coordinates the responses to stress in fruit flies.

Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy may trigger post-traumatic stress disorder Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:01 AM PDT Women may be at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder following a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, suggests a new study.

Men welcome revolutionary male contraceptive Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:01 AM PDT Men have positive attitudes towards an innovative male contraceptive, Vasalgel, new research has found. The landmark study is the first insight into how men perceive the new contraceptive and gives promising signs that Vasalgel may revolutionize approaches to reproductive health.

Popcorn-rocks solve the mystery of the magma chambers Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:00 AM PDT Since the 18th century, geologists have struggled to explain how big magma chambers form in the Earth's crust. In particular, it has been difficult to explain where the surrounding rock goes when the magma intrudes. Now a team of researchers have found the missing rocks – and they look nothing like what they expected.

Chemists create clusters of organelles by mimicking nature Posted: 02 Nov 2016 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have succeeded in organizing spherical compartments into clusters mimicking the way natural organelles would create complex structures. They managed to connect the synthetic compartments by creating bridges made of DNA between them. This represents an important step towards the realization of so-called molecular factories.

Controlling plant regeneration systems may drive the future of agriculture Posted: 02 Nov 2016 04:59 AM PDT The ability to self-repair damaged tissue is one of the key features that define living organisms. Plants in particular are regeneration champions, a quality that has been used for centuries in horticultural techniques such as grafting. Scientists have now discovered a key protein complex that controls plant tissue repair. Understanding this mechanism is of great agricultural importance: crops and edible plants might be cultivated more efficiently and made more resistant to parasitic plants.

Fear of retaliation: Why we tend not to enforce social norms Posted: 02 Nov 2016 04:59 AM PDT When bystanders become witnesses of a social norm violation, they will confront the culprit - all the more if the violation is severe. Although this appears to make sense, in fact the opposite is true. The more severe the norm violation, the more reluctant people will be to reprimand the person who committed it. Their fear of retaliation is too great.

New study provides food carbon footprint pecking order Posted: 02 Nov 2016 04:59 AM PDT Researchers have compiled the first comprehensive carbon footprint league table for fresh food so chefs, caterers and everyday foodies can cook meals without cooking the planet.

Ovarian transplantation might be possible in future Posted: 02 Nov 2016 04:59 AM PDT Approximately 11% of women worldwide suffer from premature ovarian failure. Because of the advances in modern cancer therapy, the number of young women surviving cancer is on the increase. However, in most cases, no specific cause can be identified. Now, for the first time, an international team of researchers has successfully transplanted an ovary from one individual to another, even managing to restore a monthly cycle.

Natural pigments, useful raw materials from autumn leaves for industry Posted: 02 Nov 2016 04:59 AM PDT Autumn leaves contain a range of interesting substances such as pigments, carbohydrates, proteins and compounds that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. A research team s developing leaf-processing technologies, which could be used by the cosmetics, textile and feed and food industries.

New, space-based view of human-made carbon dioxide Posted: 01 Nov 2016 03:05 PM PDT Scientists have produced the first global maps of human emissions of carbon dioxide ever made solely from satellite observations of the greenhouse gas. The maps, based on data from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite and generated with a new data-processing technique, agree well with inventories of known carbon dioxide emissions.

Two antibiotics fight bacteria differently than thought Posted: 01 Nov 2016 02:12 PM PDT Two widely prescribed antibiotics — chloramphenicol and linezolid — may fight bacteria in a different way from what scientists and doctors thought for years, researchers have found. Instead of indiscriminately stopping protein synthesis, the drugs put the brakes on the protein synthesis machinery only at specific locations in the gene.

Nearly every American will know a victim of gun violence Posted: 01 Nov 2016 12:29 PM PDT Nearly all Americans are likely to know a victim of gun violence within their social networks during their lifetime, indicating that citizens are "closer to gun violence than they perceive," according to a new study.

3D-printed permanent magnets outperform conventional versions, conserve rare materials Posted: 01 Nov 2016 10:53 AM PDT Permanent magnets produced by additive manufacturing can outperform bonded magnets made using traditional techniques while conserving critical materials, new research indicates.

Creating a slippery slope on the surface of medical implants Posted: 01 Nov 2016 08:19 AM PDT A self-healing slippery coating applied on the surface of an implanted medical device protects against infectious biofilm formation, say researchers.

New instrument could search for signatures of life on Mars Posted: 01 Nov 2016 08:18 AM PDT A sensing technique that the U.S. military currently uses to remotely monitor the air to detect potentially life-threatening chemicals, toxins, and pathogens has inspired a new instrument that could "sniff" for life on Mars and other targets in the solar system -- the Bio-Indicator Lidar Instrument, or BILI.

New study explains factors that influence the timing of infectious disease outbreaks Posted: 01 Nov 2016 07:59 AM PDT The delay between the time when a disease outbreak becomes possible and when it actually happens depends chiefly on how frequently infection is introduced to the population and how quickly the number of cases caused by a single individual increases, according to new research.

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