الجمعة، 2 ديسمبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

White deaths exceeded births in one-third of states

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 01:50 PM PST

More whites died than were born in a record high 17 states in 2014 compared to just four in 2004, according to new research. Some 121 million people representing 38 percent of the U.S. population reside in these states: California, Pennsylvania, Florida, Arizona, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Mississippi, Arkansas, Delaware, Nevada, Maine, Alabama, Connecticut, New Mexico, West Virginia and Rhode Island.

Gut microbes promote motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:21 AM PST

Gut microbes may play a critical role in the development of Parkinson's-like movement disorders in genetically predisposed mice, researchers report. Antibiotic treatment reduced motor deficits and molecular hallmarks of Parkinson's disease in a mouse model, whereas transplantation of gut microbes from patients with Parkinson's disease exacerbated symptoms in these mice. The findings could lead to new treatment strategies for the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States.

How Zika infects the growing brain

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:19 AM PST

The fast-spreading Zika virus can take multiple routes into developing human nerve cells, research demonstrates. Around the world, hundreds of women infected with the Zika virus have given birth to children suffering from microcephaly or other brain defects, as the virus attacks key cells responsible for generating neurons and building the brain as the embryo develops.

Diabetes advance: Cells produce insulin upon artemisinin treatment

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:17 AM PST

FDA-approved artemisinins, which have been used for decades to treat malaria, transform glucagon-producing alpha cells in the pancreas into insulin producing cells, researchers report.

New role for Hippo pathway in suppressing cancer immunity

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:16 AM PST

Previous studies identified the Hippo pathway kinases LATS1/2 as a tumor suppressor, but new research reveals a surprising role for these enzymes in subduing cancer immunity. The findings could have a clinical role in improving efficiency of immunotherapy drugs.

Autism spectrum disorders: New genetic cause of identified

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:15 AM PST

Autism spectrum disorders affect around one percent of the world's population and are characterized by a range of difficulties in social interaction and communication. In a new study, a research team has identified a new genetic cause of ASD.

Detailed images of NMDA receptors help explain how zinc and a drug affect their function

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:14 AM PST

The difference between mental health and mental illness can turn on changes in brain cells and their connections that are almost incomprehensibly tiny, at least in physical terms. This irony is brought to light by X-ray crystallography, a method that enables neuroscientists to map the structure of brain proteins atom by atom, using high-energy X-rays.

First structural map of cystic fibrosis protein sheds light on how mutations cause disease

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:14 AM PST

Scientists have created the first three-dimensional map of the protein responsible for cystic fibrosis, an inherited disease for which there is no cure. This achievement offers the kinds of insights essential to better understanding and treating this often-fatal disease, which clogs the lungs with sticky mucus, leading to breathing problems or respiratory infections.

Restaurants not good at explaining risks of undercooked meat to customers

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:12 AM PST

Front-line staff, such as servers in restaurants, are often trusted with providing customers with food safety information regarding their meals. A challenge to the food-service industry is that these positions have high turnover, relatively low wages and servers are focused primarily on providing patrons with a positive experience. And new research shows that this poses a problem.

Novel compound to alleviate pain and itch discovered

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:12 AM PST

A possible drug candidate that suppresses pain and itch in animal models has been discovered by researchers. Their new approach also reduces the potential for drug abuse and avoids the most common side effects--sedation and anxiety--of drugs designed to target the nervous system's kappa opioid receptors (KORs).

Gut microbe movements regulate host circadian rhythms

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:11 AM PST

Even gut microbes have a routine. Like clockwork, they start their day in one part of the intestinal lining, move a few micrometers to the left, maybe the right, and then return to their original position. New research in mice now reveals that the regular timing of these small movements can influence a host animal's circadian rhythms by exposing gut tissue to different microbes and their metabolites as the day goes by. Disruption of this dance can affect the host.

Multi-institutional collaboration uncovers how molecular machines assemble

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:11 AM PST

Ribosomes -- macromolecular machines consisting of RNA and proteins that twist, fold and turn -- are responsible for making all of the protein within a cell and could hold the key to deciphering a range of diseases. Despite the intricacies of ribosomes, cells are able to churn out 100,000 of them every hour. But because they assemble so speedily, researchers haven't been able to figure out how they come together.

Significant progress against HIV epidemic in Africa

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:05 AM PST

HIV 90-90-90 goals are in reach in Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Zambia, say researchers, adding that new infections are falling. The percent of the population infected with HIV is stabilizing, and over half of all people living with HIV are virally suppressed, the investigators have found.

With promising results from emerging therapies, research yields hope for amyloidosis

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 09:03 AM PST

Two new treatments are showing promise and overall survival is on the rise for AL amyloidosis, according to a series of studies. Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a rare, life-threatening disease that occurs when toxic proteins build up in organs, which alters their normal function.

Alcohol intake associated with increased risk of melanoma

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 08:52 AM PST

Alcohol intake was associated with higher rates of invasive melanoma among white men and women, according to a study. White wine carried the most significant association, and the increased risk was greater for parts of the body that receive less sun exposure, the study showed.

Study of thousands of operations suggests that overlapping surgeries are safe

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 08:51 AM PST

A common way of scheduling surgeries to expand patient access to care and improve hospital efficiency, known as "overlapping surgeries," is as safe and provides the same outcomes for patients as non-overlapping surgeries, a study has found.

Attempted suicide rates, risk groups essentially unchanged, new study shows

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 08:49 AM PST

Researchers have analyzed over 3 million suicide attempt-related emergency department visits between 2006 and 2013, and have concluded that attempted suicides and risk groups basically did not change over that time.

New computational model provides a tool for improving the production of valuable drugs

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 08:45 AM PST

An extensive study involving partners from five continents has resulted in a model describing the metabolism of Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO). This model can be used to improve and accelerate the production of biotherapeutics, cancer drugs, and vaccines.

Protective barrier inside chromosomes helps to keep cells healthy

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 08:44 AM PST

Fresh insights into the structures that contain our genetic material could explain how the body's cells stay healthy. A protective barrier formed inside each of our chromosomes helps to prevent errors occurring when cells divide, researchers say. The study sheds light on the precise interplay between key factors inside chromosomes that leads to the formation of the barrier.

Multiple sclerosis: Newly discovered signal mechanism causes T cells to turn pathogenic

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 08:43 AM PST

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks the patient's own cells. In this case, modified T cells destroy the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells. Myelin protects the neural pathways and is thus essential to the ability of nerve cells to transmit information. A recent study has demonstrated that a substance known as interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays an important role in instructing T cells to cause damage to myelin sheaths in the central nervous system.

Pathogen's motility triggers immune response

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 08:25 AM PST

Until now, a pathogen's ability to move through the body has been overlooked as a possible trigger of immune response, but new research has found that motility will indeed alarm the host and activate an immune response.

Vitamin D status in newborns and risk of MS in later life

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 07:17 AM PST

Babies born with low levels of vitamin D may be more likely to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) later in life than babies with higher levels of vitamin D, according to a study.

World first MRI study sheds light on heart damage during kidney dialysis

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 06:27 AM PST

Experts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and kidney disease have carried out the first ever scans to study the heart function of kidney patients while they are having dialysis treatment.

Metabolite that promotes cancer cell transformation and colorectal cancer spread identified

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 06:26 AM PST

The metabolite D-2-hydroxyglurate (D-2HG) promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells, leading them to develop features of lower adherence to neighboring cells, increased invasiveness, and greater likelihood of metastatic spread. This finding highlights the value of targeting D-2HG to establish new therapeutic approaches against colorectal cancer.

Foodborne salmonella infections in Denmark reach historic low

Posted: 01 Dec 2016 06:26 AM PST

A record low number of foodborne salmonella cases were registered in Denmark in 2015. While travel remains the leading cause of salmonella infections, no cases have been attributed to Danish eggs for the first time in the almost 30-year history of the salmonella source account. .

Imaging technique can see you think

Posted: 30 Nov 2016 11:40 AM PST

Fast fMRI has been used to image rapidly fluctuating brain activity during human thought. fMRI measures changes in blood oxygenation, which were previously thought to be too slow to detect the subtle neuronal activity associated with higher order brain functions. The new discovery is a significant step towards realizing a central goal of neuroscience research: mapping the brain networks responsible for human cognitive functions such as perception, attention, and awareness.

New imaging method can detect, monitor and guide treatment for, prostate cancer

Posted: 30 Nov 2016 11:40 AM PST

An international group of researchers report success in mice of a method of using positron emission tomography (PET) scans to track, in real time, an antibody targeting a hormone receptor pathway specifically involved in prostate cancer.

Surgeons remove thyroid gland through hidden incision underneath the lip

Posted: 30 Nov 2016 11:40 AM PST

A team of surgeons has performed the first endoscopic transoral thyroidectomy in New York, and one of the first of its kind in the nation.

Online insomnia program can improve sleep for many, study finds

Posted: 30 Nov 2016 11:13 AM PST

An online program designed to help people overcome insomnia significantly improves both the amount and quality of sleep, a new study has found. The study is the first to look closely at the effects of the Sleep Healthy Using the Internet (SHUTi) program on people with health conditions that could be affecting their sleep.

What makes print more readable for the visually impaired?

Posted: 30 Nov 2016 05:50 AM PST

The biggest readability study of printed text for the visually impaired has recently concluded. Results are outlined in a new report.

Peptides as tags in fluorescence microscopy

Posted: 30 Nov 2016 05:50 AM PST

Fluorescence microscopy visualizes the molecular elements of cells. Proteins of nerve cells, for instance, can be labelled using probes which are subsequently excited with light to fluoresce. In the end, the fluorescence signal is used to generate microscopic images of the real position, arrangement and number of proteins.
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