ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• How brain cells shape temperature preferences
• Greater transparency needed in publishing information from clinical trials, experts say
• More research into chronic diseases urgently needed in all countries
• Antidepressant contribution to arrhythmia risk clarified
• The need to feed programs Campylobacter's 'Sat Nav'
• Government mistrust deters older adults from HIV testing
• The right massage can relax the body and improve health
• In-brain monitoring shows memory network
• Smaller Snacking is Smart Snacking: New study shows 'just a bite' will satisfy
• Common genetic alteration found in head and neck cancers may not be key to effective treatment
• Tomorrow's life-saving medications may currently be living at the bottom of the sea
• Early-onset puberty in females explained
• Increasing severity of erectile dysfunction is a marker for increasing risk of cardiovascular disease and death
• Test for hormone-disrupting chemicals gets global seal of approval
• Beer's bitter compounds could help brew new medicines
• Hydrogen sulfide: The next anti-aging agent?
• Personalized plans to address barriers to HIV drug adherence boost chances of successful therapy
• Gene found that turns up effect of chemotherapy
• 'Master' proto-oncogene regulates stress-induced ovarian cancer metastasis
• Attitudes toward HPV vaccination for boys
• Better way to culture central nervous cells
• Indoor air puts Chinese women nonsmokers at risk
• Two-fold higher incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers for HIV patients
• Link found between insulin sensitivity, cells' powerhouses: Mice with mitochondrial mutation live longer, have less fat
• Epigenetic control of cardiogenesis
• New insights into conquering influenza
• Taking the stairs, raking leaves may have same health benefits as a trip to the gym
• Diabetes drug could hold promise for lung cancer patients
• Doctor-patient relationship: Physicians' brain scans indicate doctors can feel their patients' pain -- and their relief
• Could the timing of when you eat, be just as important as what you eat?
• Eating bright-colored fruits and vegetables may prevent or delay amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Accessible tourism and dementia
• Interactive wobbleboard created to help rehabilitate patients
• A step towards repairing the central nervous system
• Early menopause may occur in women with BRCA gene
• Health benefits of coming out of the closet demonstrated
• Debunking the ‘July Effect’: Surgery date has little impact on outcome
• Long-Term Outcomes Favor Heart Surgery Over Stents and Angioplasty
• Genetic test identifies small but deadly lung cancers

How brain cells shape temperature preferences Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:02 PM PST A new study shows that a complex set of overlapping neuronal circuits works in concert to drive temperature preferences in the fruit fly Drosophila by affecting a single target, a heavy bundle of neurons within the fly brain known as the mushroom body.

Greater transparency needed in publishing information from clinical trials, experts say Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:02 PM PST An initiative from the drugs regulator, the European Medicines Agency, to commit to releasing all of the information from clinical trials once the marketing authorization process has ended, which has been greeted with cautious optimism by proponents of access to data but with much less enthusiasm by the pharmaceutical industry, sparks an interesting debate on the role of medical journals in publishing drug data.

More research into chronic diseases urgently needed in all countries Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:02 PM PST When considering chronic (non-communicable) diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, in low-and-middle countries, a major shift in approach from declaring what needs to be done to using research to prioritize, evaluate, monitor and improve health outcomes is urgently needed, according to international experts.

Antidepressant contribution to arrhythmia risk clarified Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:02 PM PST An analysis of the medical records of more than 38,000 patients clarifies the contribution of citalopram and other antidepressants to lengthening of the QT interval, an aspect of the heart's electrical activity that -- when prolonged -- may increase the risk of dangerous arrhythmias.

The need to feed programs Campylobacter's 'Sat Nav' Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:02 PM PST Researchers have uncovered how the food-borne bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni can change its swimming behavior to find a location with more food.

Government mistrust deters older adults from HIV testing Posted: 29 Jan 2013 02:13 PM PST One of four people with HIV/AIDS is 50 or older, yet they are far more likely to be diagnosed when they are in the later stages of infection. Government mistrust and conspiracy fears are deeply ingrained in them and these concerns often deter these vulnerable individuals from getting tested for HIV.

The right massage can relax the body and improve health Posted: 29 Jan 2013 02:13 PM PST The benefits of massage therapy are both physical and mental; while some are immediate, others accumulate over time.

In-brain monitoring shows memory network Posted: 29 Jan 2013 11:48 AM PST Working with patients with electrodes implanted in their brains, researchers have shown for the first time that areas of the brain work together at the same time to recall memories. The unique approach promises new insights into how we remember details of time and place.

Smaller Snacking is Smart Snacking: New study shows 'just a bite' will satisfy Posted: 29 Jan 2013 11:48 AM PST How much chocolate would you need to eat to be satisfied? Less than half as much as you think, according to a new snacking study.

Common genetic alteration found in head and neck cancers may not be key to effective treatment Posted: 29 Jan 2013 11:47 AM PST Although a large majority of head and neck cancers have a deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, new data has indicated that deregulation of this pathway does not necessarily signify that the tumor is dependent on it for survival and progression.

Tomorrow's life-saving medications may currently be living at the bottom of the sea Posted: 29 Jan 2013 10:09 AM PST Two new research articles demonstrate how the next class of powerful medications may currently reside at the bottom of the ocean. In both cases, the researchers were focused on ocean-based mollusks – a category of animal that includes snails, clams and squid and their bacterial companions.

Early-onset puberty in females explained Posted: 29 Jan 2013 10:09 AM PST This research provides significant insight into the reasons why early-onset puberty occurs in females. The researchers located key genes that trigger puberty and highlighted how external forces (epigenetics) appear to be a possible cause of early-onset puberty in some cases.

Increasing severity of erectile dysfunction is a marker for increasing risk of cardiovascular disease and death Posted: 29 Jan 2013 10:09 AM PST The risk of future cardiovascular disease and death increased with severity of erectile dysfunction in men both with and without a history of cardiovascular disease. While previous studies have shown an association between ED and CVD risk, this study finds that the severity of ED corresponds to the increased risk of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality.

Test for hormone-disrupting chemicals gets global seal of approval Posted: 29 Jan 2013 10:09 AM PST A test for hormone-disrupting pollutants has been approved as an international standard by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development as well as by the U.S. government.

Beer's bitter compounds could help brew new medicines Posted: 29 Jan 2013 10:08 AM PST Researchers using a century-old technique have determined the precise configuration of substances from hops that give beer its distinctive flavor. That could lead to formulation of new pharmaceuticals to treat diabetes, some cancers and other ailments.

Hydrogen sulfide: The next anti-aging agent? Posted: 29 Jan 2013 09:19 AM PST Hydrogen sulfide may play a wide-ranging role in staving off aging, according to a new article. In this review article, a team from China explores the compound's plethora of potential anti-aging pathways.

Personalized plans to address barriers to HIV drug adherence boost chances of successful therapy Posted: 29 Jan 2013 09:19 AM PST HIV patients who participated in an intervention that helped them identify barriers to taking their drugs properly and develop customized coping strategies took a significantly greater amount of their prescribed doses than those receiving standard care, according to a new study.

Gene found that turns up effect of chemotherapy Posted: 29 Jan 2013 09:19 AM PST Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer patients. However, many patients suffer from serious side-effects and a large proportion does not respond to the treatment. Researchers now show that the gene FBH1 helps turn up the effect of chemotherapy.

'Master' proto-oncogene regulates stress-induced ovarian cancer metastasis Posted: 29 Jan 2013 09:18 AM PST Scientists have discovered the signaling pathway whereby a master regulator of cancer cell proteins -- known as Src -- leads to ovarian cancer progression when exposed to stress hormones. The researchers report that beta blocker drugs mitigate this effect and reduce cancer deaths by an average of 17 percent.

Attitudes toward HPV vaccination for boys Posted: 29 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST A new study has found that low-income and minority parents/guardians were receptive toward vaccinating boys against Human Papilloma Virus. However, racial/ethnic differences emerged in attitudes regarding school-entry mandates.

Better way to culture central nervous cells Posted: 29 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST A protein associated with neuron damage in Alzheimer's patients provides a superior scaffold for growing central nervous system cells in the lab. The findings could have clinical implications for producing neural implants and offers new insights on the complex link between the apoE4 apolipoprotein and Alzheimer's disease.

Indoor air puts Chinese women nonsmokers at risk Posted: 29 Jan 2013 08:17 AM PST The hazards of breathing outdoor air in some Chinese cities have been well-documented. Now a study confirms that breathing indoor air also carries significant cancer risks, especially for Chinese women.

Two-fold higher incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers for HIV patients Posted: 29 Jan 2013 08:15 AM PST HIV-positive patients have a higher incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers, according to a new study. Specifically, basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas occur more than twice as often among HIV-positive individuals compared to those who are HIV-negative.

Link found between insulin sensitivity, cells' powerhouses: Mice with mitochondrial mutation live longer, have less fat Posted: 29 Jan 2013 07:02 AM PST Mice with decreased activity of a protein complex involved in mitochondrial function exhibit reduced body weight and decreased fat mass, and their media life span is 20 percent longer. This intrigues scientists.

Epigenetic control of cardiogenesis Posted: 29 Jan 2013 07:02 AM PST Scientists have now been able to demonstrate that non-coding RNA is essential for normal embryonic cardiogenesis.

New insights into conquering influenza Posted: 29 Jan 2013 07:02 AM PST Researchers have discovered a new protein that protects against viral infections such as influenza.

Taking the stairs, raking leaves may have same health benefits as a trip to the gym Posted: 29 Jan 2013 07:01 AM PST New research suggests the health benefits of small amounts of activity – even as small as one- and two-minute increments that add up to 30 minutes per day – can be just as beneficial as longer bouts of physical exercise achieved by a trip to the gym.

Diabetes drug could hold promise for lung cancer patients Posted: 29 Jan 2013 07:01 AM PST Ever since discovering a decade ago that a gene altered in lung cancer regulated an enzyme used in therapies against diabetes, one medical researcher has wondered if drugs originally designed to treat metabolic diseases could also work against cancer.

Doctor-patient relationship: Physicians' brain scans indicate doctors can feel their patients' pain -- and their relief Posted: 29 Jan 2013 05:06 AM PST In a novel investigation in which physicians underwent brain scans while they believed they were actually treating patients, researchers have provided the first scientific evidence indicating that doctors truly can feel their patients' pain -- and can also experience their relief following treatment.

Could the timing of when you eat, be just as important as what you eat? Posted: 29 Jan 2013 05:06 AM PST Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital, have found that it's not simply what you eat, but also when you eat, that may help with weight-loss regulation.

Eating bright-colored fruits and vegetables may prevent or delay amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Posted: 29 Jan 2013 05:05 AM PST New research suggests that increased consumption of foods containing colorful carotenoids, particularly beta-carotene and lutein, may prevent or delay the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Accessible tourism and dementia Posted: 29 Jan 2013 05:05 AM PST New research discovers new ways of making tourist attractions dementia-friendly.

Interactive wobbleboard created to help rehabilitate patients Posted: 29 Jan 2013 05:02 AM PST A physiotherapy lecturer has created a new interactive wobbleboard that will allow clinicians to better measure improvements in patients' balance.

A step towards repairing the central nervous system Posted: 29 Jan 2013 05:02 AM PST Despite recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of nerve injury, tissue-engineering solutions for repairing damage in the central nervous system (CNS) remain elusive, owing to the crucial and complex role played by the neural stem cell (NSC) niche. This zone, in which stem cells are retained after embryonic development for the production of new cells, exerts a tight control over many crucial tasks such as growth promotion and the recreation of essential biochemical and physical cues for neural cell differentiation.

Early menopause may occur in women with BRCA gene Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:44 AM PST Women with harmful mutations in the BRCA gene, which put them at higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer, tend to undergo menopause significantly sooner than other women, allowing them an even briefer reproductive window and possibly a higher risk of infertility, according to a new study.

Health benefits of coming out of the closet demonstrated Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:44 AM PST Lesbians, gays and bisexuals (LGBs) who are out to others have lower stress hormone levels and fewer symptoms of anxiety, depression, and burnout, according to researchers. Cortisol is a stress hormone in our body. When chronically strained, cortisol contributes to the 'wear and tear' exerted on multiple biological systems.

Debunking the ‘July Effect’: Surgery date has little impact on outcome Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:44 AM PST The "July Effect" -- the notion that the influx of new residents and fellows at teaching hospitals each July makes that the worse time of year to be a patient -- seems to be a myth, according to new research that examined nearly 1 million hospitalizations for patients undergoing spine surgery from 2001 to 2008. Among those going under the knife, researchers discovered that the month surgery occurred had an insignificant impact on patient outcomes.

Long-Term Outcomes Favor Heart Surgery Over Stents and Angioplasty Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:44 AM PST Patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery have a lower overall composite risk for heart attack, stroke, and death in the 4 years following the procedure compared to patients who undergo stenting or balloon procedures, according to a new study.

Genetic test identifies small but deadly lung cancers Posted: 29 Jan 2013 04:44 AM PST A novel genetic test can help identify small but aggressive lung tumors associated with poor survival, according to a new study.

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