الثلاثاء، 5 مارس 2013

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

How the brain loses and regains consciousness: Brain patterns produced by general anesthesia revealed

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 06:15 PM PST

Researchers have identified distinctive brain patterns associated with different stages of general anesthesia.

Daily-use HIV prevention approaches prove ineffective among women, study suggests

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

Three antiretroviral-based strategies intended to prevent HIV infection among women did not prove effective in a major clinical trial in Africa. For reasons that are unclear, a majority of study participants -- particularly young, single women -- were unable to use their assigned approaches daily as directed, according to new findings.

Functional electrical stimulation cycling promotes recovery in chronic spinal cord injury

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

A new study finds that long-term lower extremity functional electrical stimulation cycling, as part of a rehabilitation regimen, is associated with substantial improvements in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. Improvements include neurological and functional gains, as well as enhanced physical health demonstrated by decreased fat, increased muscle mass and improved lipid profile.

Discovery of 'executioner' protein opens door to new options for stroke ALS, spinal cord injury

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

Oxidative stress turns a protein that normally protects healthy cells into their executioner, according to a new study.

Brain adds cells in puberty to navigate adult world

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

The brain adds new cells during puberty to help navigate the complex social world of adulthood, neuroscientists report.

Mom's placenta reflects her exposure to stress and impacts offsprings' brains

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

The mammalian placenta is more than just a filter through which nutrition and oxygen are passed from a mother to her unborn child. According to a new study, if a mother is exposed to stress during pregnancy, her placenta translates that experience to her fetus by altering levels of a protein that affects the developing brains of male and female offspring differently.

Parkinson's disease brain rhythms detected: Finding suggests better way to monitor, treat disease with deep brain stimulation

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

Scientists have discovered how to detect abnormal brain rhythms associated with Parkinson's by implanting electrodes within the brains of people with the disease.

Is baby still breathing? Is mom's obsession normal?

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

A new mother may constantly worry and check to see if her baby is breathing. Or she may obsess about germs. A new study found postpartum moms have a much higher rate of obsessive-compulsive symptoms than the general population. This is the first large-scale study of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in new moms. The symptoms could result from hormonal changes or be adaptive, but may indicate a psychological disorder if they interfere with a mother's functioning.

Why your brain tires when exercising

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

For the first time ever, a research team is able to explain why our brains feel tired when we exercise. By mapping the mechanism behind so-called central fatigue, the researchers are hoping, among other things, to learn more about how to identify doping use.

Discovery opens door to new drug options for serious diseases

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 12:18 PM PST

Researchers have discovered how oxidative stress can turn to the dark side a cellular protein that's usually benign, and make it become a powerful, unwanted accomplice in neuronal death. This finding could ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches to many of the world's debilitating or fatal diseases.

Exercise key to good sleep

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:35 AM PST

Exercise can affect your sleep. The results of the National Sleep Foundation's 2013 Sleep in America® poll show a compelling association between exercise and better sleep.

Unhealthy drinking widespread around the world

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:35 AM PST

A new study shows that alcohol is now the third leading cause of the global burden of disease and injury, despite the fact most adults worldwide abstain from drinking.

Toddler 'functionally cured' of HIV infection: Clues for potentially eliminating HIV infection in other children

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:35 AM PST

A two-year-old child born with HIV infection and treated with antiretroviral drugs beginning in the first days of life no longer has detectable levels of virus using conventional testing despite not taking HIV medication for 10 months, according to findings presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Atlanta.

Bankruptcy judges influenced by apologies

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:35 AM PST

Debtors who apologized were seen as more remorseful and were expected to manage their finances more carefully in the future compared to debtors who did not offer an apology, finds a new study.

What predicts distress after episodes of sleep paralysis?

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:35 AM PST

Ever find yourself briefly paralyzed as you're falling asleep or just waking up? It's a phenomenon called sleep paralysis, and it's often accompanied by vivid sensory or perceptual experiences, including complex and disturbing hallucinations and intense fear. For some, sleep paralysis is a once-in-a-lifetime experience; for others, it can be a nightly phenomenon.

Contraception in women over 40

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:34 AM PST

Despite declining fertility, women over age 40 still require effective contraception if they wish to avoid pregnancy. A review article outlines the risks and benefits of various contraceptive options for these women. The article is aimed at helping physicians find the best methods for their patients.

'Very low' risk of infections in advanced brain procedures

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:32 AM PST

Patients undergoing cerebral angiography and neurointerventional procedures on the brain are at very low risk of infection -- even without preventive antibiotics, reports a study in the March issue of Neurosurgery, official journal of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.

AIDS journal publishes findings of two important studies in March 2013 issue

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:32 AM PST

The results of two important studies have been published in the March issue of AIDS, the official journal of the International AIDS Society. One study notes that screening for HIV should be performed more frequently—up to every three months for the highest-risk patients, while low-risk groups to be tested every three years. A second study demonstrates a link between heavy drinking and risky behaviors for men who have sex with men (MSM).

Scores that evaluate newborn intensive care units are inconsistent

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:32 AM PST

Future tools should build on success of current scores to improve care for vulnerable infants, according to new research.

Studies advance knowledge of HIV impact on hepatitis C infection and genes that may thwart hepatitis C infection

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:32 AM PST

Infectious disease experts have found that among people infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), co-infection with HIV, speeds damage and scarring of liver tissue by almost a decade.

Potential of large studies for building genetic risk prediction models

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:32 AM PST

Scientists have developed a new paradigm to assess hereditary risk prediction in common diseases, such as prostate cancer.

'OK' contact lenses work by flattening front of cornea, not the entire cornea

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 09:31 AM PST

A contact lens technique called overnight orthokeratology (OK) brings rapid improvement in vision for nearsighted patients. Now a new study shows that OK treatment works mainly by flattening the front of the cornea, reports a recent study.

Gene discovery reveals importance of eating your greens

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:56 AM PST

Eating your greens may be even more important that previously thought, with the discovery that an immune cell population essential for intestinal health could be controlled by leafy greens in your diet. The immune cells, named innate lymphoid cells, are found in the lining of the digestive system and protect the body from 'bad' bacteria in the intestine. They are also believed to play an important role in controlling food allergies, inflammatory diseases and obesity, and may even prevent the development of bowel cancers.

Researchers describe first 'functional HIV cure' in an infant

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:56 AM PST

A team of researchers describe the first case of a so-called "functional cure" in an HIV-infected infant. The finding, the investigators say, may help pave the way to eliminating HIV infection in children.

Maternal diet important predictor of severity for infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:56 AM PST

An important predictor of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants may be what their mothers ate during pregnancy, according to a new study.

First evidence that obesity gene is risk factor for melanoma

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:55 AM PST

The gene most strongly linked to obesity and over eating may also increase the risk of malignant melanoma -- the most deadly skin cancer, according to scientists.

Grandmother's cigarette habit could be the cause of grandchild's asthma

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:55 AM PST

Studies finding that grandmother's smoking habit may cause her grandchild to have asthma suggest environmental factors experienced today can affect families' health for generations to come.

Beating heart cells in a lab dish: Creating new tissue instead of transplanting hearts

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:51 AM PST

Embryonic stem cells can develop into any kind of tissue. Adult stem cells can still turn into different kinds of cells, but their differentiation potential is significantly reduced. New substances have now been developed which allow the creation of fully functional heart cells.

Speech emerges in children on the autism spectrum with severe language delay at greater rate than previously thought

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:49 AM PST

Study could reveals key predictors of speech gains. New findings reveal that 70 percent of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who have a history of severe language delay, achieved phrase or fluent speech by age eight.

ADHD takes a toll well into adulthood

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:47 AM PST

The first large, population-based study to follow children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder into adulthood shows that ADHD often doesn't go away and that children with ADHD are more likely to have other psychiatric disorders as adults. They also appear more likely to commit suicide and to be incarcerated as adults.

'Shelf life' of blood? Shorter than we think

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:47 AM PST

A small study adds to the growing body of evidence that red blood cells stored longer than three weeks begin to lose the capacity to deliver oxygen-rich cells where they may be most needed.

Losing weight sooner rather than later gives best chance of reversing heart damage from obesity, according to mouse study

Posted: 04 Mar 2013 07:47 AM PST

In a study of the impact of weight loss on reversing heart damage from obesity, researchers found that poor heart function in young obese mice can be reversed when the animals lose weight from a low-calorie diet. However, older mice, who had been obese longer, did not regain better heart function after they were on the same low-calorie diet.
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