ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Treatment with two osteoporosis drugs better at increasing bone density than single-drug therapy
• 'Magic bullet’ nanomedicine developed for acute lung injury
• Women's immune systems remain younger for longer
• Slim women have a greater risk of developing endometriosis than obese women: study
• Nearly 50 percent increase in ICU admissions in U.S., new study says
• Massage therapy shown to improve stress response in preterm infants
• Study IDs key protein for cell death
• Cardio and weight training reduces access to health care in seniors
• Newly described type of immune cell and T cells share similar path to maturity
• No significant change seen in overall smokeless tobacco use among U.S. youths
• Using clay to grow bone: Researchers use synthetic silicate to stimulate stem cells into bone cells
• Same musicians play a brand new tune: Unusual interplay of signaling pathways shapes critical eye structure
• Passenger car drivers are more likely to die in crashes with SUVs, regardless of crash ratings
• Chemists demonstrate nanoscale alloys so bright they could have potential medical applications
• Engineered biomaterial could improve success of medical implants
• Studies support population-based efforts to lower excessive dietary sodium intakes
• Human disease leptospirosis identified in new species, the banded mongoose, in Africa
• Cutting-edge bacteria research leads to more effective treatment of complex infections
• Become a marathon runner with the protein PGC-1alpha
• Alzheimer's markers predict start of mental decline
• Flu in pregnancy may quadruple child's risk for bipolar disorder
• Alligator stem cell study gives clues to tooth regeneration
• Fish oil may stall effects of junk food on brain
• Water governs cell movement: Aquaporins play key role, new research finds
• Most complete database to date of human phosphatases and their substrates
• Brain-imaging study links cannabinoid receptors to post-traumatic stress disorder: First pharmaceutical treatment for PTSD within reach
• Living close to major road may impair kidney function
• Non-smoking hotel rooms still expose occupants to tobacco smoke
• Level of dengue virus needed for transmission defined

Treatment with two osteoporosis drugs better at increasing bone density than single-drug therapy Posted: 14 May 2013 06:31 PM PDT A combination of two FDA-approved osteoporosis drugs with different mechanisms of action was found to increase bone density better than treatment with either drug alone in a small clinical trial.

'Magic bullet’ nanomedicine developed for acute lung injury Posted: 14 May 2013 06:31 PM PDT Researchers have devised a 'magic bullet' nanomedicine which could become the first effective treatment for Acute Lung Injury or ALI, a condition affecting 20 per cent of all patients in intensive care.

Women's immune systems remain younger for longer Posted: 14 May 2013 06:30 PM PDT Women's immune systems age more slowly than men's, new research suggests. The slower decline in a woman's immune system may contribute to women living longer than men.

Slim women have a greater risk of developing endometriosis than obese women: study Posted: 14 May 2013 06:30 PM PDT Women with a lean body shape have a greater risk of developing endometriosis than women who are morbidly obese, according to the largest prospective study to investigate the link.

Nearly 50 percent increase in ICU admissions in U.S., new study says Posted: 14 May 2013 06:29 PM PDT A new study offers an in-depth look at hospitals nationwide in the United States and admissions to intensive care units (ICU). The study finds a sharp increase—nearly 50 percent—in ICU admissions coming from U.S. emergency departments.

Massage therapy shown to improve stress response in preterm infants Posted: 14 May 2013 04:06 PM PDT A new study has found massage therapy that involved moderate pressure and stroking of the soft tissues followed by flexing and extending the joints of the arms and legs increased heart rate variability in male, but not in female preterm infants.

Study IDs key protein for cell death Posted: 14 May 2013 04:06 PM PDT Findings may offer a new way to kill cancer cells by forcing them into an alternative programmed-death pathway.

Cardio and weight training reduces access to health care in seniors Posted: 14 May 2013 03:53 PM PDT Forget apples -- lifting weights and doing cardio can also keep the doctors away, according a new study.

Newly described type of immune cell and T cells share similar path to maturity Posted: 14 May 2013 03:43 PM PDT Innate lymphoid cells protect boundary tissues such as the skin, lung, and the gut from microbial onslaught. They also have shown they play a role in inflammatory disease. Researchers have found that maturation of ILC2s requires T-cell factor 1 to move forward. They describe that one mechanism used to build ILCs is the same as that in T cells. Both cell types use a protein pathway centered on Notch.

No significant change seen in overall smokeless tobacco use among U.S. youths Posted: 14 May 2013 03:41 PM PDT Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the United States. Declines in smoking among youths were observed from the late 1990s. "However, limited information exists on trends in smokeless tobacco use among U.S. youths," write the authors of a recent study.

Using clay to grow bone: Researchers use synthetic silicate to stimulate stem cells into bone cells Posted: 14 May 2013 10:54 AM PDT Medical researchers report that synthetic silicate nanoplatelets (also known as layered clay) can induce stem cells to become bone cells without the need of additional bone-inducing factors.

Same musicians play a brand new tune: Unusual interplay of signaling pathways shapes critical eye structure Posted: 14 May 2013 10:54 AM PDT A small ensemble of musicians can produce an infinite number of melodies, harmonies and rhythms. So too, do a handful of workhorse signaling pathways that interact to construct multiple structures that comprise the vertebrate body. In fact, crosstalk between two of those pathways -- those governed by proteins known as Notch and BMP (for Bone Morphogenetic Protein) receptors -- occurs over and over in processes as diverse as forming a tooth, sculpting a heart valve and building a brain.

Passenger car drivers are more likely to die in crashes with SUVs, regardless of crash ratings Posted: 14 May 2013 10:54 AM PDT Most consumers who are shopping for a new car depend on good crash safety ratings as an indicator of how well the car will perform in a crash. But a new study of crashes involving cars and sport utility vehicles has found those crash ratings are a lot less relevant than vehicle type.

Chemists demonstrate nanoscale alloys so bright they could have potential medical applications Posted: 14 May 2013 09:28 AM PDT Alloys like bronze and steel have been transformational for centuries, yielding top-of-the-line machines necessary for industry. As scientists move toward nanotechnology, however, the focus has shifted toward creating alloys at the nanometer scale -- producing materials with properties unlike their predecessors. Now, new research demonstrates that nanometer-scale alloys possess the ability to emit light so bright they could have potential applications in medicine.

Engineered biomaterial could improve success of medical implants Posted: 14 May 2013 09:28 AM PDT Expensive, state-of-the-art medical devices and surgeries often are thwarted by the body's natural response to attack something in the tissue that appears foreign. Now, engineers have demonstrated in mice a way to prevent this sort of response.

Studies support population-based efforts to lower excessive dietary sodium intakes Posted: 14 May 2013 09:27 AM PDT Recent studies that examine links between sodium consumption and health outcomes support recommendations to lower sodium intake from the very high levels some Americans consume now, but evidence from these studies does not support reduction in sodium intake to below 2,300 mg per day, says a new report.

Human disease leptospirosis identified in new species, the banded mongoose, in Africa Posted: 14 May 2013 09:27 AM PDT Leptospirosis is the world's most common illness transmitted to humans by animals. It's a two-phase disease that begins with flu-like symptoms. If untreated, it can cause meningitis, liver damage, pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure and death.

Cutting-edge bacteria research leads to more effective treatment of complex infections Posted: 14 May 2013 08:32 AM PDT Bacteria play a huge role when inflammations attack our body. Now researchers have succeeded in revealing one of the devastating effects of bacteria, and thus it will be possible for the pharmaceutical industry to treat even very complicated bacterial infections.

Become a marathon runner with the protein PGC-1alpha Posted: 14 May 2013 08:27 AM PDT Even with a greater muscle mass, a sprinter cannot win a marathon. His specially-trained and strengthened muscles will fatigue faster than the endurance-trained muscles of a long distance runner. Medical researchers have now shown that during endurance exercise the protein PGC-1alpha shifts the metabolic profile in the muscle.

Alzheimer's markers predict start of mental decline Posted: 14 May 2013 08:26 AM PDT Using long-term patient data, scientists have found that many of the biomarkers for Alzheimer's identified in recent years can help accurately predict the start of full-blown disease years in advance.

Flu in pregnancy may quadruple child's risk for bipolar disorder Posted: 14 May 2013 07:14 AM PDT Flu in pregnant mothers has been linked to a nearly fourfold increased risk that their child might develop bipolar disorder in adulthood. The findings add to mounting evidence of possible shared underlying causes and illness processes with schizophrenia, which some studies have also linked to prenatal exposure to influenza.

Alligator stem cell study gives clues to tooth regeneration Posted: 14 May 2013 07:14 AM PDT Alligators may help scientists learn how to stimulate tooth regeneration in people, according to new research. For the first time, a global team of researchers has uncovered unique cellular and molecular mechanisms behind tooth renewal in American alligators.

Fish oil may stall effects of junk food on brain Posted: 14 May 2013 07:14 AM PDT Data from more than 180 research papers suggests fish oils could minimize the effects that junk food can have on the brain, a review has shown.

Water governs cell movement: Aquaporins play key role, new research finds Posted: 14 May 2013 05:53 AM PDT Water gives life. Researchers now show how the cells in our bodies are driven mainly by water power -- a discovery that in the long run opens the way for a new strategy in cancer therapy.

Most complete database to date of human phosphatases and their substrates Posted: 14 May 2013 05:53 AM PDT It is now easier to pinpoint exactly what molecules a phosphatase -- a type of protein that's essential for cells to react to their environment -- acts upon in human cells, thanks to the free online database DEPOD, created by EMBL scientists. Published today in Science Signaling, the overview of interactions could even help explain unforeseen side-effects of drugs.

Brain-imaging study links cannabinoid receptors to post-traumatic stress disorder: First pharmaceutical treatment for PTSD within reach Posted: 14 May 2013 05:50 AM PDT In a first-of-its-kind effort to illuminate the biochemical impact of trauma, researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center have discovered a connection between the quantity of cannabinoid receptors in the human brain, known as CB1 receptors, and post-traumatic stress disorder, the chronic, disabling condition that can plague trauma victims with flashbacks, nightmares and emotional instability.

Living close to major road may impair kidney function Posted: 13 May 2013 05:24 PM PDT Living close to a major road may impair kidney function -- itself a risk factor for heart disease and stroke -- and so help contribute to the known impact of air pollution on cardiovascular risk, suggests new research.

Non-smoking hotel rooms still expose occupants to tobacco smoke Posted: 13 May 2013 05:24 PM PDT Non-smoking rooms in hotels operating a partial smoking ban don't protect their occupants from tobacco smoke, reveals new research.

Level of dengue virus needed for transmission defined Posted: 13 May 2013 12:28 PM PDT Researchers have identified the dose of dengue virus in human blood that is required to infect mosquitoes when they bite. Mosquitoes are essential for transmitting the virus between people so the findings have important implications for understanding how to slow the spread of the disease.

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