ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Help wanted: Fast food cashier, $15 an hour
• Evaluations that consider school resources could fairly assess teacher performance
• Model explores location of future US population growth
• Greenland Ice: The warmer it gets the faster it melts
• Connection between childhood adversity, psychiatric disorders seen at cellular level
• Important mechanism involved in production of mosquito eggs identified
• Biggest fish in the ocean receives international protection
• Technique reveals age of planetary materials
• Warming climate likely will change the composition of northern forests, study shows
• Living longer, but not healthier?
• Vegetation can help prevent soil erosion due to wind
• Public attitude toward tiger farming, tiger conservation
• Mapping the maize genome
• New cancer-fighting strategy would harden cells to prevent metastasis
• A chemical modified version of the second messenger cAMP
• Scientists invent system to improve effectiveness of cancer surgery
• Facebook not to blame for negative impact on grades, professor says
• BPA exposure during pregnancy causes oxidative stress in child, mother
• One nanoparticle, six types of medical imaging
• China's aging population poses challenges, but policy changes can help
• New signaling pathway provides clues to obesity
• Climate change does not bode well for picky eaters
• Poor social integration = poor health
• Muscle weakness studies suggest possible therapeutic strategies
• Study calls for new global standard for safe drinking water and sanitation
• Alcohol ads on TV associated with drinking behavior in young people
• Portable stimulator being tested on Parkinson's patients
• 'Trustworthy' hedge fund execs generate more business but weaker returns
• New hope for understanding sudden cardiac arrest
• Drugs from dirt: Scientists develop first global roadmap for drug discovery
• Unexpected turn in diabetes research suggests reinterpretation of years of research
• Breakthrough may impact flu vaccination
• Hospitalized for pneumonia? Your risk of cardiovascular disease is higher
• Stem cell transplantation shows potential for reducing disability in patients with MS
• Patients actively warmed during surgery still experience hypothermia, study finds
• Study challenges best way to position women during childbirth
• Giant atmospheric rivers add mass to Antarctica's ice sheet
• Graphene enables all-electrical control of energy flow from light emitters
• Burying beetles hatch survival plan to source food, study shows
• Current nutrition labeling is hard to digest
• Researchers prevent type I diabetes in mouse model
• Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent, self-cleaning metals
• Bioethicists call for return to asylums for long-term psychiatric care
• New signal amplification process set to transform communications, imaging, computing
• Silk-weaving ant study sees new behavior
• Twist1: Complex regulator of cell shape, function
• Ocean floor dust gives new insight into supernovae
• Wearable sensor clears path to long-term EKG, EMG monitoring
• Genetic changes in Ebola virus in West African outbreak could hinder potential treatments
• Updated assessment of medications to treat acute migraine
• Use of methadone to treat pain increases risk of death, study shows
• First successful organ donation from newborn carried out in UK
• Group walking cuts risk of life-threatening conditions
• Are Asian citrus psyllids afraid of heights? New study may provide clues for stopping them
• Drinking moderate amounts of alcohol is linked to reduced risk of heart failure, large study finds
• New 'microcapsules' have potential to repair damage caused by osteoarthritis
• Men who live alone run a greater risk of dying prematurely after stroke
• Immunotherapy inhibits heroin effects in research animals
• Atoms can be in two places at the same time
• How to attack and paralyze myeloma cells: Comprehensive review on multiple myeloma

Help wanted: Fast food cashier, $15 an hour Posted: 20 Jan 2015 12:50 PM PST Researchers have released a working paper verifying the ability of American fast food restaurants to more than double the minimum wage of their lowest paid workers to $15 an hour over a four-year period without causing the widespread employment losses and decline in profits often cited by critics of such increases.

Evaluations that consider school resources could fairly assess teacher performance Posted: 20 Jan 2015 12:12 PM PST Researchers have identified a plan to evaluate teachers fairly using a 'proportional' system. "One of the biggest criticisms of proposed teacher evaluations is that teachers in less wealthy districts with fewer resources will be unfairly evaluated in relation to teachers with access to more resources," an author noted. "By leveling the playing field among all teachers, we can mitigate this issue."

Model explores location of future US population growth Posted: 20 Jan 2015 12:12 PM PST Researchers have developed a population distribution model that provides unprecedented county-level predictions of where people will live in the US in the coming decades.

Greenland Ice: The warmer it gets the faster it melts Posted: 20 Jan 2015 12:12 PM PST Melting of glacial ice will probably raise sea level around the globe, but how fast this melting will happen is uncertain. In the case of the Greenland Ice Sheet, the more temperatures increase, the faster the ice will melt, according to computer model experiments by geoscientists.

Connection between childhood adversity, psychiatric disorders seen at cellular level Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:28 AM PST An association between biological changes on the cellular level and both childhood adversity and psychiatric disorders has been identified by researchers. These changes in the form of telomere shortening and alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), are important in the aging process.

Important mechanism involved in production of mosquito eggs identified Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:28 AM PST Female mosquitoes rely on a blood-meal as a source of nutrients required for reproduction. If the mechanisms that govern mosquitoes' egg production are better understood, novel approaches to controlling the reproduction and population of mosquitoes can be devised. A team of scientists has made a research breakthrough in understanding, at the molecular level, one such mechanism related to the mosquito reproductive process. This mechanism includes small regulatory RNA molecules known as microRNAs.

Biggest fish in the ocean receives international protection Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:28 AM PST Tuna and other fish species may congregate around whale sharks, but new rule reduces the chance that the giant sea creatures could get caught in nets targeting those species.

Technique reveals age of planetary materials Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:28 AM PST The key to understanding the geologic history of the Solar System is knowing the ages of planetary rocks. Researchers have developed an instrument that is not only capable of dating rocks, but also is composed entirely of technology that can be miniaturized for spaceflight.

Warming climate likely will change the composition of northern forests, study shows Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:28 AM PST Visitors to northern forests in coming decades probably will see a very different set of trees as the climate warms, a new study shows. The study used a unique long-term outdoor experiment to examine the effects of climate change on trees in the boreal forest along the U.S.-Canadian border.

Living longer, but not healthier? Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:28 AM PST A study of long-lived mutant C. elegans shows that the genetically altered worms spend a greater portion of their life in a frail state and exhibit less activity as they age then typical nematodes. These findings suggest that genes that increase longevity may not significantly increase healthy lifespan and point to the need to measure health as part of aging studies going forward.

Vegetation can help prevent soil erosion due to wind Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:27 AM PST Dust from soil erosion due to wind can affect human health, traffic, and, on a larger scale, climate. Investigators compared different models that quantify how the wind energy spreads over an herbaceous surface using data from the Sahel region of Africa, where estimates of dust emissions remain uncertain.

Public attitude toward tiger farming, tiger conservation Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:27 AM PST The wild tiger Panthera tigris is considered critically endangered, and it faces unprecedented threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation, depletion of prey, and continued illegal poaching for trade of tiger bones for traditional medicine and skins for ornamentation and collection. A recent survey in Beijing revealed that people hold clear positions on arguments for and against the ban on tiger trade and were inclined to support the ban on trading tiger products.

Mapping the maize genome Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:27 AM PST Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. The complete genome of maize has been sequenced, but its size and complexity presents a challenge to researchers seeking to identify specific genes responsible for traits. Positional cloning has been used successfully in smaller genomes; researchers have applied this mapping technique to the maize genome and have published their protocol -- the first detailed step-by-step protocol on positional cloning -- in a new article.

New cancer-fighting strategy would harden cells to prevent metastasis Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:26 AM PST Existing cancer therapies are geared toward massacring tumor cells, but researchers propose a different strategy: subtly hardening cancer cells to prevent them from invading new areas of the body. They devised a way of screening compounds for the desired effect and have identified a compound that shows promise in fighting pancreatic cancer.

A chemical modified version of the second messenger cAMP Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:26 AM PST A new study describes the development of a cAMP analogue that specifically activates only Epac2, one of several cAMP-responsive proteins. Furthermore, the analogue activates Epac2 more potently than cAMP itself. About 100 analogues were synthesized in an interactive design process. Several crystal structures of Epac2 in complex with cAMP analogues were determined. The research helps to explain the molecular basis for the selectivity and the strong activation potential.

Scientists invent system to improve effectiveness of cancer surgery Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:25 AM PST With the goal of making it easier for surgeons to detect malignant tissue during surgery and hopefully reduce the rate of cancer recurrence, scientists have invented a new imaging system that causes tumors to "light up" when a hand-held laser is directed at them.

Facebook not to blame for negative impact on grades, professor says Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:25 AM PST The more time college students, particularly freshman, spend on Facebook, the more their grades suffer. But a professor says the problem is not Facebook -- it's an issue of self-regulation.

BPA exposure during pregnancy causes oxidative stress in child, mother Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:25 AM PST Exposure to the endocrine-disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) during pregnancy can cause oxidative damage that may put the baby at risk of developing diabetes or heart disease later in life, according to a new study.

One nanoparticle, six types of medical imaging Posted: 20 Jan 2015 11:25 AM PST Researchers have designed a nanoparticle that can be detected by six medical imaging techniques: computed tomography (CT) scanning; positron emission tomography (PET) scanning; photoacoustic imaging; fluorescence imaging; upconversion imaging; and Cerenkov luminescence imaging.

China's aging population poses challenges, but policy changes can help Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:13 AM PST China's population is aging at a rapid pace, posing a significant challenge to the nation's economic advancement. While many observers say the trend condemns the nation to a dismal future, a new study finds that past policies on education and new policies to improve health and foster internal migration could ease the challenges posed by an older citizenry.

New signaling pathway provides clues to obesity Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:13 AM PST A molecular 'rheostat' in the brain's appetite control center has been discovered that may provide new insights into obesity, which is at epidemic levels in the United States. The discovery of this novel cell signaling pathway revises the previous 'on-off' switch model of appetite control, say researchers.

Climate change does not bode well for picky eaters Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:13 AM PST In a part of the world that is experiencing the most dramatic increase in temperature and climate change, two very similar species of animals are responding very differently. New research suggests that how these species have adapted to co-exist with one another might be to blame.

Poor social integration = poor health Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:11 AM PST There are many benefits to being supported by a strong social network. But can a bigger friend base actually make you healthier? New research shows that social relationships do have a positive influence our physical well-being.

Muscle weakness studies suggest possible therapeutic strategies Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:11 AM PST Potential therapies for central core disease, a condition that can delay development of motor skills such as sitting, crawling and walking in affected infants, have been proposed by researchers. Central core disease is most often caused by a mutation in the gene that makes a protein called ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1). RyR1 belongs to a family of proteins that create channels for the controlled release of calcium ions from stores within cells.

Study calls for new global standard for safe drinking water and sanitation Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:11 AM PST A new study calls for a new global standard for improvements in household drinking water and sanitation access. The study highlights that current benchmarks for access, established by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), treat water and sanitation differently, masking deficits in household water access.

Alcohol ads on TV associated with drinking behavior in young people Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:11 AM PST Seeing and liking alcohol advertising on television among underage youths was associated with the onset of drinking, binge drinking and hazardous drinking, according to a study. Alcohol is the most common drug used by young people. In 2013, 66.2 percent of U.S. high school students reported trying alcohol, 34.9 percent reported alcohol use in the past 30 days and 20.8 percent reported recent binge drinking.

Portable stimulator being tested on Parkinson's patients Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:08 AM PST A weak electric 'noise' can improve balance and motor skills in patients with Parkinson's disease, researchers have demonstrated. In cooperation with NASA, the research team has now developed a portable prototype that will be used in long-term studies of Parkinson's patients in their home environment.

'Trustworthy' hedge fund execs generate more business but weaker returns Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:08 AM PST Hedge-fund managers who appear 'trustworthy' in photographs attract more clients than their more 'undependable'-looking counterparts. But their clients also saw lower returns on their investments -- rendering them less successful than their less 'trustworthy' colleagues.

New hope for understanding sudden cardiac arrest Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:08 AM PST New biosciences research could point the way to greater understanding of the heart mutations that cause sudden cardiac arrest. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic condition that one in 500 people carry and is a leading cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young athletes.

Drugs from dirt: Scientists develop first global roadmap for drug discovery Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:08 AM PST Scientists have analyzed soils from beaches, forests, and deserts on five continents and discovered the best places in the world to mine untapped antibiotic and anticancer drugs. The findings provide new insights into the natural world as well as a road map for future drug discovery.

Unexpected turn in diabetes research suggests reinterpretation of years of research Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:08 AM PST Years of diabetes research carried out on mice whose DNA had been altered with a human growth hormone gene is now ripe for reinterpretation after a new study confirms that the gene had an unintended effect on the mice's insulin production, a key variable in diabetes research.

Breakthrough may impact flu vaccination Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:08 AM PST An analysis of 10 years' worth of data on human influenza B viruses has shed new light on the pathogen which can cause the seasonal flu. Findings from this study could help make flu immunization programs more effective; by better targeting vaccines or by eventually eliminating one of the flu lineages completely.

Hospitalized for pneumonia? Your risk of cardiovascular disease is higher Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:06 AM PST Your chance of having a heart attack or stroke increases significantly if you have been hospitalized for pneumonia and, as such, should be considered its own independent risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. This study is the first to show this association using only patients with no cardiovascular disease previous to their contracting pneumonia.

Stem cell transplantation shows potential for reducing disability in patients with MS Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:06 AM PST Results from a preliminary study indicate that among patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment with nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with improvement in measures of disability and quality of life, according to a study.

Patients actively warmed during surgery still experience hypothermia, study finds Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:04 AM PST Body temperature decreases during the first hour of surgery, even when patients are actively warmed with forced air, reports a new study. Furthermore, patients who experience the most hypothermia are more likely to require blood transfusions.

Study challenges best way to position women during childbirth Posted: 20 Jan 2015 09:04 AM PST New research is challenging what many obstetricians and physician anesthesiologists believe is the best way to position women during labor. According to a study, the traditional practice of positioning women on their side, with hips tilted at 15 degrees, during labor does not effectively reduce compression of the inferior vena cava, a large vein located near the abdominal area that returns blood to the heart, as previously thought. In fact, not until the degree of tilt reached 30 degrees did blood flow only partially increase in patients, the study found.

Giant atmospheric rivers add mass to Antarctica's ice sheet Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:22 AM PST Extreme weather phenomena called atmospheric rivers were behind intense snowstorms recorded in 2009 and 2011 in East Antarctica. The resulting snow accumulation partly offset recent ice loss from the Antarctic ice sheet, report researchers.

Graphene enables all-electrical control of energy flow from light emitters Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:18 AM PST Scientists have now demonstrated active, in situ electrical control of the energy flow from erbium ions into photons and plasmons. The experiment was implemented by placing the erbium emitters a few tens of nanometers away from the graphene sheet, whose carrier density is electrically controlled.

Burying beetles hatch survival plan to source food, study shows Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:17 AM PST Young beetles pick up sensory signals from adult insects to increase their chances of being fed -- and shorten the odds of being killed instead. Beetle larvae have an in-built ability to identify different adults based on distinct chemicals found on the outside of their shells and adjust their begging behavior accordingly, researchers say.

Current nutrition labeling is hard to digest Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:17 AM PST Current government-mandated nutrition labeling is ineffective in improving nutrition, but there is a better system available, according to a study. The researchers compared four different labeling systems and found that the Nutrition Facts label currently required on most food products in the US and Canada was least useable.

Researchers prevent type I diabetes in mouse model Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:12 AM PST A new approach developed by scientists stops the destruction of beta cells and preserves insulin production. Type I diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's immune system destroys insulin producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Researchers focused on blocking the autoimmune process that destroys beta cells and leads to diabetes, with the aim of developing therapies that can prevent the illness from developing rather than treating its symptoms.

Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent, self-cleaning metals Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:12 AM PST Scientists have used lasers to transform metals into extremely water repellent, or super-hydrophobic, materials without the need for temporary coatings.

Bioethicists call for return to asylums for long-term psychiatric care Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:12 AM PST As the United States population has doubled since 1955, the number of inpatient psychiatric beds in the United States has been cut by nearly 95 percent to just 45,000, a wholly inadequate equation when considering that there are currently 10 million U.S. residents with serious mental illness. A new article looks at the evolution away from inpatient psychiatric beds, evaluates the current system for housing and treating the mentally ill, and then suggests a modern approach to institutionalized mental health care as a solution.

New signal amplification process set to transform communications, imaging, computing Posted: 20 Jan 2015 08:12 AM PST A new signal amplification process is now poised to fuel new generations of electrical and photonic devices -- transforming the fields of communications, imaging and computing.

Silk-weaving ant study sees new behavior Posted: 20 Jan 2015 07:25 AM PST A professor's study of silk-weaving ants is promising to change our understanding of how all creatures work together. The study on the behaviour of the ants found the insects could evolve and abandon and then re-evolve the practice of building nests from silk, with different species adapting it in different ways once it was re-adopted.

Twist1: Complex regulator of cell shape, function Posted: 20 Jan 2015 07:25 AM PST Transcription factor Twist1 is involved in many processes where cells change shape or function. Thereby, Twist1 is crucial for embryonic development, but has also been implicated in cancer progression, researchers say. However, the precise contribution of Twist1 to these processes is under much debate. Scientists describe a new mode of action: a short-term, transient activation of Twist1 primes cells for stem cell-like properties. By contrast, prolonged, chronic Twist1 activity suppresses stem cell-like traits.

Ocean floor dust gives new insight into supernovae Posted: 20 Jan 2015 07:25 AM PST Extraterrestrial dust from the depths of the ocean could change the way we understand supernovae. Scientists have found the amount of plutonium in the dust is much lower than expected.

Wearable sensor clears path to long-term EKG, EMG monitoring Posted: 20 Jan 2015 07:25 AM PST A new, wearable sensor that uses silver nanowires to monitor electrophysiological signals, such as electrocardiographyor electromyography, has been developed by researchers. The new sensor is as accurate as the 'wet electrode' sensors used in hospitals, but can be used for long-term monitoring and is more accurate than existing sensors when a patient is moving.

Genetic changes in Ebola virus in West African outbreak could hinder potential treatments Posted: 20 Jan 2015 07:24 AM PST Researchers have tracked the genetic mutations that have occurred in the Ebola virus during the last four decades. Their findings identified changes in the current West African outbreak strain that could potentially interfere with experimental, sequence-based therapeutics.

Updated assessment of medications to treat acute migraine Posted: 20 Jan 2015 07:23 AM PST An updated assessment of the best treatments to use when a migraine attack occurs has been published by experts. The assessment forms the basis of new American Headache Society treatment guidelines.

Use of methadone to treat pain increases risk of death, study shows Posted: 20 Jan 2015 07:23 AM PST Outside the hospital, use of methadone to treat pain carries a 46 percent increased risk of death when compared to the equally effective but more costly alternative, morphine SR (sustained release), according to a recent study.

First successful organ donation from newborn carried out in UK Posted: 20 Jan 2015 06:02 AM PST The very first successful organ donation from a newborn carried out in the UK is has been reported. The donation involved the kidneys, which were transplanted into a patient with renal failure, and liver cells (hepatocytes), which were transfused into a further recipient.

Group walking cuts risk of life-threatening conditions Posted: 20 Jan 2015 06:02 AM PST Risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, depression and other life-threatening conditions can be reduced through regular outdoor walking in groups, according to research. Findings reveal that people who regularly walk in groups have lower blood pressure, resting heart rate and total cholesterol.

Are Asian citrus psyllids afraid of heights? New study may provide clues for stopping them Posted: 20 Jan 2015 06:02 AM PST New research shows that the Asian citrus psyllid, the vector of citrus greening disease, does not do well at high elevations, and that populations drop to zero at 600 meters or more above sea level.

Drinking moderate amounts of alcohol is linked to reduced risk of heart failure, large study finds Posted: 20 Jan 2015 05:59 AM PST Evidence already exists for the beneficial effects of drinking moderate amounts of alcohol on the risk of developing a number of heart conditions; however, the role it plays in the risk of developing heart failure has been under-researched with conflicting results. Now, a large study of nearly 15,000 men and women shows that drinking up to seven drinks a week in early to middle age is associated with a 20% lower risk of men developing heart failure in the future when compared to people who did not drink at all, and a more modest 16% reduced risk for women.

New 'microcapsules' have potential to repair damage caused by osteoarthritis Posted: 20 Jan 2015 05:59 AM PST A new 'microcapsule' treatment delivery method could reduce inflammation in cartilage affected by osteoarthritis and reverse damage to tissue, scientists report.

Men who live alone run a greater risk of dying prematurely after stroke Posted: 20 Jan 2015 05:59 AM PST Men who live alone have a considerably greater long-term risk of dying prematurely than other patients. This is shown in a doctoral thesis that followed 1,090 stroke cases in western Sweden.

Immunotherapy inhibits heroin effects in research animals Posted: 20 Jan 2015 05:59 AM PST Immunotherapy could have a place in the treatment of substance abuse in the future. A specific antibody can reduce the acute effects of heroin, according to a new experimental study. This would be particularly useful as adjunctive therapy for specific patient groups, for example for pregnant drug abusers and during vulnerable periods after detoxification, where the risk of relapse is great, researchers say.

Atoms can be in two places at the same time Posted: 20 Jan 2015 05:59 AM PST Can a penalty kick simultaneously score a goal and miss? For very small objects, at least, this is possible: according to the predictions of quantum mechanics, microscopic objects can take different paths at the same time.  The world of macroscopic objects follows other rules: the football always moves in a definite direction. But is this always correct? Physicists have constructed an experiment designed to possibly falsify this thesis. Their first experiment shows that Caesium atoms can indeed take two paths at the same time.

How to attack and paralyze myeloma cells: Comprehensive review on multiple myeloma Posted: 20 Jan 2015 05:58 AM PST Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease characterized by proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow and typically accompanied by the secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins that are detectable in the serum or urine. Increased understanding of the microenvironmental interactions between malignant plasma cells and the bone marrow niche, and their role in disease progression and acquisition of therapy resistance, has helped the development of novel therapeutic drugs for use in combination with cytostatic therapy.

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