ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• E. coli: The ideal transport vehicle for next-gen vaccines?
• Injectable biomaterial could be used to manipulate organ behavior
• Breathing in a Cure: Inhalable Ibuprofen on the Horizon
• Unsilencing silenced genes by CRISPR/Cas9
• Key difference in immune cells may explain children's increased susceptibility to illness
• Totally new kind of 'mark' discovered in human cell nucleus
• Are we giving up on cardiac arrest patients too soon?
• Cravings for high-calorie foods may be switched off in the brain by new supplement
• Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen may increase autism spectrum and hyperactivity symptoms in children
• New method provides better information on gene expression
• Bacteria can multiply disease-inducing genes to rapidly cause infection
• Electronic tablets speed stroke care during patient transport, study finds
• Benign bacteria block mosquitoes from transmitting Zika, chikungunya viruses
• A host of common chemicals endanger child brain development
• Survey of 15,000 women and men reveals scale of infertility
• US needs greater preparation for next severe public health threats, panel finds
• New technology helps ID aggressive early breast cancer
• Gene mutation 'hotspots' linked to better breast cancer outcomes
• Surprising number of businesses selling unapproved stem cell 'treatments' in the US

E. coli: The ideal transport vehicle for next-gen vaccines? Posted: 01 Jul 2016 03:35 PM PDT Researchers have developed an E. coli-based transport capsule designed to help next-generation vaccines do a more efficient and effective job than today's immunizations. The research highlights the capsule's success fighting pneumococcal disease, an infection that can result in pneumonia, sepsis, ear infections and meningitis.

Injectable biomaterial could be used to manipulate organ behavior Posted: 01 Jul 2016 03:33 PM PDT Ideally, injectable or implantable medical devices should not only be small and electrically functional, they should be soft, like the body tissues with which they interact. Scientists set out to see if they could design a material with all three of those properties.

Breathing in a Cure: Inhalable Ibuprofen on the Horizon Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:13 AM PDT Ibuprofen: You can buy it at any drug store, and it will help with that stabbing headache or sprained ankle. One of the ways it does so is by reducing inflammation, and it is this property that may also help patients with cystic fibrosis.

Unsilencing silenced genes by CRISPR/Cas9 Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new technique to unleash silenced genes and change cell fates using CRISPR/Cas9.

Key difference in immune cells may explain children's increased susceptibility to illness Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:04 AM PDT Schools are commonly known as breeding grounds for viruses and bacteria, but this may not necessarily be linked to hygiene. New research in mice shows that because their immune systems do not operate at the same efficiency as adults, children may not only be more likely to contract a viral infection, but they also take to longer clear it.

Totally new kind of 'mark' discovered in human cell nucleus Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:03 AM PDT Scientists have verified the presence of a protein modification that is a unique mark in human cell nucleus. This protein modification, Histone H4 lysine 20 acetylation (H4K20ac), was only discovered in plant cells and its existence in mammalian cells has been indirectly proven. Their study suggests that H4K20ac is associated with gene repression. This new discovery of H4K20ac may lead to further clarification of the mechanisms in disease progression.

Are we giving up on cardiac arrest patients too soon? Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:03 AM PDT A new study suggests physicians need to give comatose cardiac arrest survivors adequate time before predicting outcomes. The multicenter study showed the time it takes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients to regain consciousness varies widely and is longer than many had thought. Thousands of lives each year across the country could be saved by simply giving cardiac arrest victims more time to awaken in the hospital.

Cravings for high-calorie foods may be switched off in the brain by new supplement Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:55 AM PDT Eating a type of powdered food supplement, based on a molecule produced by bacteria in the gut, reduces cravings for high-calorie foods such as chocolate, cake and pizza, a new study suggests. Scientists asked 20 volunteers to consume a milkshake that either contained an ingredient called inulin-propionate ester, or a type of fibre called inulin.

Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen may increase autism spectrum and hyperactivity symptoms in children Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:54 AM PDT A new study has found that paracetamol (acetaminophen), which is used extensively during pregnancy, has a strong association with autism spectrum symptoms in boys and for both genders in relation to attention-related and hyperactivity symptoms.

New method provides better information on gene expression Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:54 AM PDT Scientists have devised a new high-resolution method for studying which genes are active in a tissue. The method can be used on all types of tissue and is valuable to both preclinical research and cancer diagnostics.

Bacteria can multiply disease-inducing genes to rapidly cause infection Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT More than 22 years ago, researchers discovered an infection strategy of human pathogenic Yersinia bacteria -- a protein structure in bacterial cell-walls that resembled a syringe. The structure, named "Type III secretion system" or T3SS, makes it possible to transfer bacterial proteins into the host cell and destroy its metabolism. After the discovery, researchers have found T3SS in several other bacteria species and T3SS has proven to be a common infection mechanism that pathogens, i.e. an infectious agent such as a virus or bacterium, use to destroy host cells. Now researchers have found a link between infection and rapid production of the essential proteins needed to form "the poisonous syringe."

Electronic tablets speed stroke care during patient transport, study finds Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT The approach was just as accurate as a bedside assessment by a neurologist, which could allow for better transport decisions by the EMS team and potentially faster treatment of the patient once at the hospital.

Benign bacteria block mosquitoes from transmitting Zika, chikungunya viruses Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT Researchers have confirmed that a benign bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis can completely block transmission of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti. Scientists say the bacteria could present a 'novel biological control mechanism,' aiding efforts to stop the spread of Zika virus.

A host of common chemicals endanger child brain development Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT In a new report, dozens of scientists, health practitioners and children's health advocates are calling for renewed attention to the growing evidence that many common and widely available chemicals endanger neurodevelopment in fetuses and children of all ages.

Survey of 15,000 women and men reveals scale of infertility Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:45 PM PDT One in eight women and one in ten men have experienced infertility, yet nearly half of them have not sought medical help, according to a study of more than 15,000 women and men in Britain.

US needs greater preparation for next severe public health threats, panel finds Posted: 30 Jun 2016 12:54 PM PDT An Independent Panel formed to review the US Department of Health and Human Service's response to Ebola calls for increased coordination both within HHS and across all involved federal agencies and strengthened coordination and collaboration with state and local governments and their private-sector partners.

New technology helps ID aggressive early breast cancer Posted: 30 Jun 2016 12:54 PM PDT Researchers have developed a new technology that can identify aggressive forms of ductal carcinoma in situ, or stage 0 breast cancer, from non-aggressive varieties.

Gene mutation 'hotspots' linked to better breast cancer outcomes Posted: 30 Jun 2016 10:59 AM PDT Using a database of human tumor genomic data, researchers discovered that mutation hotspots known as kataegis are a positive marker in breast cancer -- patients with kataegis have less invasive tumors and better prognoses. The study also suggests kataegis status could help doctors determine treatment options that might work best for patients with the mutation pattern.

Surprising number of businesses selling unapproved stem cell 'treatments' in the US Posted: 30 Jun 2016 10:58 AM PDT At least 351 companies across the United States are marketing unapproved stem cell procedures at 570 individual clinics. Such businesses advertise 'stem cell' interventions for orthopedic injuries, neurological disorders, cardiac diseases, immunological conditions, pulmonary disorders, injured spinal cords, and cosmetic indications. A stem cell researcher now presents an analysis of US businesses engaged in 'direct-to-consumer' marketing of these procedures.

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