ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Copper-induced misfolding of prion proteins
• E. coli: The ideal transport vehicle for next-gen vaccines?
• Injectable biomaterial could be used to manipulate organ behavior
• Breathing in a Cure: Inhalable Ibuprofen on the Horizon
• Frigate birds: In the air for months at a time
• Seaweeds get sick too when they're stressed
• Unsilencing silenced genes by CRISPR/Cas9
• The relentless dynamism of the adult brain
• Key difference in immune cells may explain children's increased susceptibility to illness
• 3-D paper-based microbial fuel cell operating under continuous flow condition
• Totally new kind of 'mark' discovered in human cell nucleus
• Are we giving up on cardiac arrest patients too soon?
• NASA’s Juno and JEDI: Ready to unlock mysteries of Jupiter
• Physicists find missing link between glass formation and crystallization
• Cravings for high-calorie foods may be switched off in the brain by new supplement
• Spiderweb galaxy: Watery dew drops surrounding dusty spider’s web
• Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen may increase autism spectrum and hyperactivity symptoms in children
• Learn much you can, from Yoda’s spoken and subtitled discourse
• Teenagers on a work experience 'discover' new planet
• New method provides better information on gene expression
• Humans are not the only ones who produce halogenated organic pollutants
• Bacteria can multiply disease-inducing genes to rapidly cause infection
• Gelatin instead of the gym to grow stronger muscles
• Electronic tablets speed stroke care during patient transport, study finds
• Benign bacteria block mosquitoes from transmitting Zika, chikungunya viruses
• A host of common chemicals endanger child brain development
• In the blink of a cosmic eye: Chance microlensing events probe galactic cores
• Gravitational lens zooms in on why some quasars have the radio turned down
• Autolens analysis steps up for Euclid’s 100,000 strong gravitational lens challenge
• In hot water: Climate change is affecting North American fish
• Jupiter on a bench: Spacecraft Juno nears planet orbit
• Survey of 15,000 women and men reveals scale of infertility
• Fukushima and the oceans: What do we know, five years on?
• Low-current, highly integrable spintronics device developed
• Climate change's effect on Rocky Mountain plant is driven by sex
• New farming strategies can help prevent soil runoff while maintaining high crop yields
• US needs greater preparation for next severe public health threats, panel finds
• New technology helps ID aggressive early breast cancer
• Gene mutation 'hotspots' linked to better breast cancer outcomes

Copper-induced misfolding of prion proteins Posted: 01 Jul 2016 03:35 PM PDT Researchers have described with single-molecule precision how copper ions cause prion proteins to misfold and seed the misfolding and clumping of nearby prion proteins.

E. coli: The ideal transport vehicle for next-gen vaccines? Posted: 01 Jul 2016 03:35 PM PDT Researchers have developed an E. coli-based transport capsule designed to help next-generation vaccines do a more efficient and effective job than today's immunizations. The research highlights the capsule's success fighting pneumococcal disease, an infection that can result in pneumonia, sepsis, ear infections and meningitis.

Injectable biomaterial could be used to manipulate organ behavior Posted: 01 Jul 2016 03:33 PM PDT Ideally, injectable or implantable medical devices should not only be small and electrically functional, they should be soft, like the body tissues with which they interact. Scientists set out to see if they could design a material with all three of those properties.

Breathing in a Cure: Inhalable Ibuprofen on the Horizon Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:13 AM PDT Ibuprofen: You can buy it at any drug store, and it will help with that stabbing headache or sprained ankle. One of the ways it does so is by reducing inflammation, and it is this property that may also help patients with cystic fibrosis.

Frigate birds: In the air for months at a time Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:07 AM PDT Frigate birds were already known for their ability to fly continuously for weeks without landing. A telemetric study of their trajectory and flight strategy has just revealed that they can remain airborne for over two months during their transoceanic migrations.

Seaweeds get sick too when they're stressed Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Normally harmless bacteria can cause bleaching disease in seaweeds when the "trees of the ocean" become stressed by high water temperatures, researchers have discovered. Understanding these disease processes is not only important for maintaining a healthy marine environment; it also has economic significance, given that seaweeds are increasingly being cultivated as sources of food and feed-stock for biofuels.

Unsilencing silenced genes by CRISPR/Cas9 Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new technique to unleash silenced genes and change cell fates using CRISPR/Cas9.

The relentless dynamism of the adult brain Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Scientists were able to make real-time observations over a period of several months that reveal how new adult-born neurons are formed and evolve in the olfactory bulb of mice. They made the surprising discovery that there is constant structural plasticity in the connections established by these new neurons with the circuits into which they are recruited.

Key difference in immune cells may explain children's increased susceptibility to illness Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:04 AM PDT Schools are commonly known as breeding grounds for viruses and bacteria, but this may not necessarily be linked to hygiene. New research in mice shows that because their immune systems do not operate at the same efficiency as adults, children may not only be more likely to contract a viral infection, but they also take to longer clear it.

3-D paper-based microbial fuel cell operating under continuous flow condition Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:04 AM PDT A team of researchers has demonstrated a proof-of-concept three-dimensional paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC) that could take advantage of capillary action to guide the liquids through the MFC system and to eliminate the need for external power.

Totally new kind of 'mark' discovered in human cell nucleus Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:03 AM PDT Scientists have verified the presence of a protein modification that is a unique mark in human cell nucleus. This protein modification, Histone H4 lysine 20 acetylation (H4K20ac), was only discovered in plant cells and its existence in mammalian cells has been indirectly proven. Their study suggests that H4K20ac is associated with gene repression. This new discovery of H4K20ac may lead to further clarification of the mechanisms in disease progression.

Are we giving up on cardiac arrest patients too soon? Posted: 01 Jul 2016 09:03 AM PDT A new study suggests physicians need to give comatose cardiac arrest survivors adequate time before predicting outcomes. The multicenter study showed the time it takes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients to regain consciousness varies widely and is longer than many had thought. Thousands of lives each year across the country could be saved by simply giving cardiac arrest victims more time to awaken in the hospital.

NASA’s Juno and JEDI: Ready to unlock mysteries of Jupiter Posted: 01 Jul 2016 07:01 AM PDT The JEDI is one of several instruments aboard NASA's Juno spacecraft -- set to enter Jupiter orbit on July 4 -- that will help scientists answer fundamental questions about the solar system's largest planet, Earth and the universe.

Physicists find missing link between glass formation and crystallization Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:55 AM PDT Glasses are neither fluids nor crystals. They are amorphous solids and one of the big puzzles in condensed matter physics. For decades, the question of how glass forms has been a matter of controversy. Is it because some regions freeze their thermal motion? Or is it because there are particles or clusters which do not fit to form a crystal? At least for the model system of hard spheres, researchers have now taken a major leap in reconciling these two opposing views. Using a clever combination of light scattering and microscopy, they were able to demonstrate that within a melt of hard spheres small compacted regions form comprising a few hundred spheres.

Cravings for high-calorie foods may be switched off in the brain by new supplement Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:55 AM PDT Eating a type of powdered food supplement, based on a molecule produced by bacteria in the gut, reduces cravings for high-calorie foods such as chocolate, cake and pizza, a new study suggests. Scientists asked 20 volunteers to consume a milkshake that either contained an ingredient called inulin-propionate ester, or a type of fibre called inulin.

Spiderweb galaxy: Watery dew drops surrounding dusty spider’s web Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:54 AM PDT Astronomers have spotted glowing droplets of condensed water in the distant Spiderweb Galaxy -- but not where they expected to find them. Detections show that the water is located far out in the galaxy and therefore cannot be associated with central, dusty, star-forming regions, as previously thought.

Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen may increase autism spectrum and hyperactivity symptoms in children Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:54 AM PDT A new study has found that paracetamol (acetaminophen), which is used extensively during pregnancy, has a strong association with autism spectrum symptoms in boys and for both genders in relation to attention-related and hyperactivity symptoms.

Learn much you can, from Yoda’s spoken and subtitled discourse Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:54 AM PDT The structural oddity of the speech pattern of the Star Wars character Master Yoda is probably one of the most instantly recognizable of all TV and film characters, even to those unfamiliar with the Star Wars series of films themselves. But how well does this speech 'oddity' translate into the accompanying sub-titles, and can we learn about how the structure of language can add weight to the perception of a character?

Teenagers on a work experience 'discover' new planet Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:54 AM PDT A group of teenagers on work experience at Keele University in Staffordshire, UK, may have discovered a new planet.

New method provides better information on gene expression Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:54 AM PDT Scientists have devised a new high-resolution method for studying which genes are active in a tissue. The method can be used on all types of tissue and is valuable to both preclinical research and cancer diagnostics.

Humans are not the only ones who produce halogenated organic pollutants Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:46 AM PDT Organohalogens like perchloroethene and trichloroethene are prominent groundwater pollutants due to their industrial use as dry cleaning and degreasing agents and their widespread release into the environment. Volatile organohalogens like chloromethane strongly influence atmospheric chemistry and thereby Earth's climate by causing ozone depletion when released into the atmosphere. For a long time it was assumed that these compounds are only produced and released by human activity. However, in recent years, over 5,000 naturally-occurring organohalogen compounds have been identified, and evidence suggests that the cycling of halogens e.g. chlorine, bromine in soils is largely driven by microbial processes.

Bacteria can multiply disease-inducing genes to rapidly cause infection Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT More than 22 years ago, researchers discovered an infection strategy of human pathogenic Yersinia bacteria -- a protein structure in bacterial cell-walls that resembled a syringe. The structure, named "Type III secretion system" or T3SS, makes it possible to transfer bacterial proteins into the host cell and destroy its metabolism. After the discovery, researchers have found T3SS in several other bacteria species and T3SS has proven to be a common infection mechanism that pathogens, i.e. an infectious agent such as a virus or bacterium, use to destroy host cells. Now researchers have found a link between infection and rapid production of the essential proteins needed to form "the poisonous syringe."

Gelatin instead of the gym to grow stronger muscles Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT Scientists have devised a way to develop bigger, stronger muscle fibers. But instead of popping up on the bicep of a bodybuilder, these muscles grow on a tiny scaffold or 'chip' molded from a type of water-logged gel made from gelatin.

Electronic tablets speed stroke care during patient transport, study finds Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT The approach was just as accurate as a bedside assessment by a neurologist, which could allow for better transport decisions by the EMS team and potentially faster treatment of the patient once at the hospital.

Benign bacteria block mosquitoes from transmitting Zika, chikungunya viruses Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT Researchers have confirmed that a benign bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis can completely block transmission of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti. Scientists say the bacteria could present a 'novel biological control mechanism,' aiding efforts to stop the spread of Zika virus.

A host of common chemicals endanger child brain development Posted: 01 Jul 2016 06:39 AM PDT In a new report, dozens of scientists, health practitioners and children's health advocates are calling for renewed attention to the growing evidence that many common and widely available chemicals endanger neurodevelopment in fetuses and children of all ages.

In the blink of a cosmic eye: Chance microlensing events probe galactic cores Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:46 PM PDT Some galaxies pump out vast amounts of energy from a very small volume of space, typically not much bigger than our own solar system. The cores of these galaxies, so called Active Galactic Nuclei or AGNs, are often hundreds of millions or even billions of light years away, so are difficult to study in any detail. Natural gravitational 'microlenses' can provide a way to probe these objects, and now a team of astronomers have seen hints of the extreme AGN brightness changes that hint at their presence.

Gravitational lens zooms in on why some quasars have the radio turned down Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:46 PM PDT Mini-jets of material ejected from a central supermassive black hole appear to be the culprits behind faint radio wave emissions in 'radio-quiet' quasars. A study of gravitationally-lensed images of four radio-quiet quasars has revealed the structure of these distant galaxies in unprecedented detail. This has enabled astronomers to trace the radio emissions to a very small region at the heart of the quasars, and helped to solve a 50-year-old puzzle about their source.

Autolens analysis steps up for Euclid’s 100,000 strong gravitational lens challenge Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:45 PM PDT Euclid satellite, due for launch in 2020, will set astronomers a huge challenge: to analyze one hundred thousand strong gravitational lenses. The gravitational deflection of light from distant astronomical sources by massive galaxies (strong lenses) along the light path can create multiple images of the source that are not just visually stunning, but are also valuable tools for probing our Universe.

In hot water: Climate change is affecting North American fish Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:45 PM PDT Climate change is already affecting inland fish across North America -- including some fish that are popular with anglers. Scientists are seeing a variety of changes in how inland fish reproduce, grow and where they can live, according to four new studies.

Jupiter on a bench: Spacecraft Juno nears planet orbit Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:45 PM PDT Earlier this year, in an experiment about five-feet long, researchers say they observed evidence of the abrupt transition of hydrogen from liquid insulator to liquid metal. It is one of the first times such a transition has ever been observed in any experiment.

Survey of 15,000 women and men reveals scale of infertility Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:45 PM PDT One in eight women and one in ten men have experienced infertility, yet nearly half of them have not sought medical help, according to a study of more than 15,000 women and men in Britain.

Fukushima and the oceans: What do we know, five years on? Posted: 30 Jun 2016 06:44 PM PDT A major international review of the state of the oceans five years after the Fukushima disaster shows that radiation levels are decreasing rapidly except in the harbor area close to the nuclear plant itself where ongoing releases remain a concern.

Low-current, highly integrable spintronics device developed Posted: 30 Jun 2016 03:03 PM PDT Scientists have developed a device capable of controlling magnetism at a lower current level than conventional spintronics devices. The new device was fabricated by combining a solid electrolyte with a magnetic material, and enabling insertion/removal of ions into/from the magnetic material through application of voltage.

Climate change's effect on Rocky Mountain plant is driven by sex Posted: 30 Jun 2016 12:54 PM PDT For the valerian plant, higher elevations in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are becoming much more co-ed. And the primary reason appears to be climate change.

New farming strategies can help prevent soil runoff while maintaining high crop yields Posted: 30 Jun 2016 12:54 PM PDT Scientists found that the most effective tactic to prevent soil runoff yet maintain high crop yields is to utilize Conservation Reserve Program land strategically to create buffers between the trees and crops depending on the size of the trees.

US needs greater preparation for next severe public health threats, panel finds Posted: 30 Jun 2016 12:54 PM PDT An Independent Panel formed to review the US Department of Health and Human Service's response to Ebola calls for increased coordination both within HHS and across all involved federal agencies and strengthened coordination and collaboration with state and local governments and their private-sector partners.

New technology helps ID aggressive early breast cancer Posted: 30 Jun 2016 12:54 PM PDT Researchers have developed a new technology that can identify aggressive forms of ductal carcinoma in situ, or stage 0 breast cancer, from non-aggressive varieties.

Gene mutation 'hotspots' linked to better breast cancer outcomes Posted: 30 Jun 2016 10:59 AM PDT Using a database of human tumor genomic data, researchers discovered that mutation hotspots known as kataegis are a positive marker in breast cancer -- patients with kataegis have less invasive tumors and better prognoses. The study also suggests kataegis status could help doctors determine treatment options that might work best for patients with the mutation pattern.

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