ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Glaucoma and driving ability
• Should crime victims call the police?
• Why brain neurons in Parkinson's disease stop benefiting from levodopa
• Sustainable sensors to detect, predict muscle fatigue
• Sex and death insights from a mutant roundworm
• Open-source drug discovery a success
• Conception timed with periods of low mosquito activity could reduce Zika virus infection
• Toward an effective TB vaccine: Analysis of the immune response to a promising candidate
• Students seek to reduce deaths from battlefield injuries that block breathing
• Pain often improves in older veterans, study shows
• Study shows distress intolerance associated with opioid misuse
• Protein ZMYND8 tied to suppression of prostate cancer tumor metastasis
• Two proteins safeguard skin stem cells
• Discovery of a novel gene for hereditary colon cancer
• Researchers solve mystery on how regenerative medicine works
• New non-invasive imaging method for showing oxygen in tissue
• Brain changes after menopause may lead to lack of physical activity
• Household MRSA controlled through treatment compliance, patient education
• T-cells can be directed to treat a variety of ovarian cancers
• Why do antidepressants take so long to work?
• Confronted with sepsis, key immune mechanism breaks, scientists find
• Researchers discover gene variant associated with esophageal cancer
• Even mild vision impairment has influence on quality of life
• Social media linked to more satisfaction with breast cancer treatment decisions
• New research adds evidence on potential treatments targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's
• Updated position statement on noninvasive prenatal screening for detection of fetal aneuploidy
• Highly sensitive and effective tool measures how your cells grow and divide
• Zika virus challenges for neuropsychiatry
• Street 'Norco' looks like the real thing but really, really isn't
• New Leishmania virulence strategies
• Scientists discover how certain proteins may help fight chlamydia
• Prostate cancer breakthrough could lead to new diagnostic tests and treatments
• Photopharmacology and optogenetics: Lighting the way for second messengers
• Pneumonia discovery may offer way to boost body's defenses
• 'Pain paradox' discovery provides route to new pain control drugs
• Creativity, intermedial languages as bridge to communicate with autistic children
• Recovery of dopamine function emerges with recovery from smoking
• Treating psoriasis may improve related cardiovascular symptoms
• Zika, other mosquito-borne illnesses pose threat to travelers
• Eczema can have many effects on patients' health
• Scar treatments can improve patients' quality of life
• Early detection of leukemia patients' resistance to therapy
• Apollo astronauts experiencing higher rates of cardiovascular-related deaths
• Poor skin cancer survival in patients with skin of color, study shows
• Introduction of screening could significantly reduce lung cancer deaths
• Successful treatment for a severe case of fetal lung disorder CPAM
• Microswimmer robot chains can decouple and reconnect in a magnetic field
• Cancer on a Paleo-diet? Ask someone who lived 1.7 million years ago
• Smartphone exercises for a better mood
• Valley fever diagnosis often missed
• A sage discovery: Plant-derived compounds have potent anti-inflammatory effects
• Financial cycles of acquisition and 'buybacks' threaten public access to breakthrough drugs
• Importance of including purpose of medications on prescriptions
• New drug candidate could treat both type 2 diabetes, bone loss

Glaucoma and driving ability Posted: 28 Jul 2016 12:56 PM PDT Safe driving requires clear central vision and adequate peripheral vision. Glaucoma typically leads to constriction of the visual field, sparing the central vision.

Should crime victims call the police? Posted: 28 Jul 2016 12:50 PM PDT New research finds that individuals who report being victims of crime to police are less likely to become future victims of crime than those who do not report their initial experiences.

Why brain neurons in Parkinson's disease stop benefiting from levodopa Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:36 AM PDT Though the drug levodopa can dramatically improve Parkinson's disease symptoms, within five years one-half of the patients using L-DOPA develop an irreversible condition -- involuntary repetitive, rapid and jerky movements. UAB researchers have uncovered an essential mechanism of long-term memory for L-DOPA-induced-dyskinesia: widespread reorganization of DNA methylation, and this may be a therapeutic target to prevent or reverse dyskinesia.

Sustainable sensors to detect, predict muscle fatigue Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:35 AM PDT A new study aims to take advantage of sweat's trove of medical information through the development of a sustainable, wearable sensor to detect lactate levels in your perspiration.

Sex and death insights from a mutant roundworm Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:29 AM PDT All at once, a roundworm overhauls an array of survival strategies, and researchers suspect multiple mutations behind it. But they're surprised when they trace the sweeping changes back to one tiny mutation on a single gene, and find a hint at a genetic regulator of so-called life history trade-offs.

Open-source drug discovery a success Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:29 AM PDT In what is being called the first-ever test of open-source drug-discovery, researchers from around the world have successfully identified compounds to pursue in treating and preventing parasite-borne illnesses such as malaria as well as cancer. The results have ignited more a dozen drug-development projects for a variety of diseases.

Conception timed with periods of low mosquito activity could reduce Zika virus infection Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:29 AM PDT Women could prevent contracting the mosquito-borne Zika virus while pregnant by timing the first months of pregnancy with seasonal declines in mosquito activity. The paper is the first to suggest that women in the countries affected by the Zika virus epidemic can still safely pursue motherhood.

Toward an effective TB vaccine: Analysis of the immune response to a promising candidate Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:29 AM PDT BCG, the only currently approved TB vaccine, is only partially effective. Given the complicated TB treatment, the rise of adult TB cases in conjunction with the HIV epidemic, and increasing multidrug-resistant TB strains, a new and better vaccine is a global health priority. A new study dissects the immune response in mice to an experimental vaccine and shows why it is highly effective.

Students seek to reduce deaths from battlefield injuries that block breathing Posted: 28 Jul 2016 10:04 AM PDT Undergrad engineers have designed a low-cost, low-tech device to make it easier for combat medics to create an artificial airway and pump air into the lungs of wounded soldiers.

Pain often improves in older veterans, study shows Posted: 28 Jul 2016 10:04 AM PDT Older military veterans frequently show improvements in pain intensity over time. However, opioids, some mental health conditions and certain pain diagnoses are associated with lower likelihood of improvement, according to new research.

Study shows distress intolerance associated with opioid misuse Posted: 28 Jul 2016 10:02 AM PDT Inability to manage negative emotional and somatic stress is associated with opioid misuse in adults with chronic pain, according to new research.

Protein ZMYND8 tied to suppression of prostate cancer tumor metastasis Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:57 AM PDT Although it reads like European license plate number, a protein known as ZMYND8 has demonstrated its ability to block metastasis-linked genes in prostate cancer, according to a study.

Two proteins safeguard skin stem cells Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:54 AM PDT Our skin renews, heals wounds, and regenerates the hair that covers it thanks to a small group of stem cells. Now a research team has identified two proteins that are fundamental to conserve skin stem cells and has shown that without these proteins these cells are lost.

Discovery of a novel gene for hereditary colon cancer Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:54 AM PDT The formation of large numbers of polyps in the colon has a high probability of developing into colon cancer, if left untreated. The large-scale appearance of polyps is often due to a hereditary cause; in this case the disease can occur in multiple family members. Now a team of researchers has discovered genetic changes in the MSH3 gene in patients and identified a new rare form of hereditary colon cancer.

Researchers solve mystery on how regenerative medicine works Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:53 AM PDT Researchers have identified a mechanism by which bioscaffolds used in regenerative medicine influence cellular behavior, a question that has remained unanswered since the technology was first developed several decades ago.

New non-invasive imaging method for showing oxygen in tissue Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:53 AM PDT Learning how to look inside a body without having to cut it open is still an important part of medical research. One of the great challenges in imaging remains the visualization of oxygen in tissue. Scientists have now developed a new approach to this task.

Brain changes after menopause may lead to lack of physical activity Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:53 AM PDT Researchers have found a connection between lack of ovarian hormones and changes in the brain's pleasure center, a hotspot in the brain that processes and reinforces messages related to reward, pleasure, activity and motivation for physical exercise. Findings suggest that activation of brain receptors in that part of the brain may serve as a future treatment to improve motivation for physical activity in postmenopausal women.

Household MRSA controlled through treatment compliance, patient education Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:53 AM PDT A new study found that following basic hygienic practices and complying with protocols for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) decolonization reduces the time to clearance of the bacteria more quickly than a treatment regimen of antibiotic ointment and antiseptic body wash. The findings demonstrate the importance of educating patients in hygienic practices, in addition to encouraging adherence to decolonization protocols in the treatment of MRSA.

T-cells can be directed to treat a variety of ovarian cancers Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:52 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a receptor-protein that is expressed on the surface of different types of ovarian tumor cells, including clear cell and mucinous ovarian tumors, two of the most aggressive subtypes of the disease. The protein is not found on non-ovarian healthy tissues in adult women, meaning that this protein could represent a highly specific therapeutic target in a range of ovarian tumors.

Why do antidepressants take so long to work? Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:52 AM PDT An episode of major depression can be crippling, impairing the ability to sleep, work, or eat. But the drugs available to treat depression can take weeks or even months to start working. Researchers have discovered one reason the drugs take so long to work, and their finding could help scientists develop faster-acting drugs in the future.

Confronted with sepsis, key immune mechanism breaks, scientists find Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:50 AM PDT When the body encounters an infection, a molecular signaling system ramps up the body's infection-fighting system to produce more white blood cells to attack invading bacteria. Now researchers have discovered that when facing a massive bacterial infection resulting in sepsis, that same signaling system malfunctions, damaging the body's ability to fight the invaders.

Researchers discover gene variant associated with esophageal cancer Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:50 AM PDT A rare genetic mutation is associated with susceptibility to familial Barrett esophagus and esophageal cancer, according to a new study that set out to identify novel disease susceptibility variants in FBE in affected individuals from a large multigenerational family.

Even mild vision impairment has influence on quality of life Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:50 AM PDT Blindness is known to have a broad-ranging adverse influence on affected individuals, their families, and the societies in which they live and is exemplified by its association with impaired quality of life, worse general and mental health, curtailed life chances, and increased all-cause mortality. In a new study, researchers examined the association of visual health (across the full acuity spectrum) with social determinants of general health and the association between visual health and health and social outcomes.

Social media linked to more satisfaction with breast cancer treatment decisions Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:50 AM PDT Women who engaged on social media after a breast cancer diagnosis expressed more deliberation about their treatment decision and more satisfaction with the path they chose, a new study finds.

New research adds evidence on potential treatments targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:50 AM PDT New research could provide additional clues for future treatment targets to delay Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, according to the group's latest findings.

Updated position statement on noninvasive prenatal screening for detection of fetal aneuploidy Posted: 28 Jul 2016 09:50 AM PDT Noninvasive prenatal screening using cell-free placental DNA circulating in maternal blood (NIPS) has been rapidly integrated into prenatal care since the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) released its 2013 Position Statement on its use. Now an updated position statement has been released.

Highly sensitive and effective tool measures how your cells grow and divide Posted: 28 Jul 2016 08:05 AM PDT An improved sequencing tool reveals dynamic changes of poly(A) tails in eggs and embryos. By revealing the dynamic poly(A) regulation during the translation of RNA into protein, the study furthered our understanding as to how the fabric of life is shaped: from the color of your skin to your hair to how tall you will grow.

Zika virus challenges for neuropsychiatry Posted: 28 Jul 2016 08:04 AM PDT The Zika virus led the World Health Organization to declare the outbreak a global public health emergency in February 2016, but how much is really known about its neurobiology and potential neuropsychiatric manifestations?

Street 'Norco' looks like the real thing but really, really isn't Posted: 28 Jul 2016 08:04 AM PDT A new article warns that a new street drug combining fentanyl and a novel synthetic opioid is being marketed illicitly as Norco but is much stronger and much more dangerous.

New Leishmania virulence strategies Posted: 28 Jul 2016 08:04 AM PDT Medical researchers have discovered novel virulence strategies employed by the Leishmania parasite. These scientific breakthroughs represent two important clues to understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the parasitic infections that cause leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease endemic in one hundred countries.

Scientists discover how certain proteins may help fight chlamydia Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:56 AM PDT Scientists have made an interesting discovery, which may help fight chlamydia infection -- one of the most widespread STDs in the world. A series of experiments have shown that certain proteins are capable of killing harmful bacteria cells by shutting down their stress response system.

Prostate cancer breakthrough could lead to new diagnostic tests and treatments Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:56 AM PDT Prostate cancer patients have been offered hope after scientists have identified a new group of molecules that could be targeted to slow tumor growth.

Photopharmacology and optogenetics: Lighting the way for second messengers Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:56 AM PDT Scientist have created photosensitive mimics of a class of signaling molecules, thus enabling their actions to be regulated by light, and affording new insights into the communications networks that control cellular metabolism.

Pneumonia discovery may offer way to boost body's defenses Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:56 AM PDT The finding may offer a new way for doctors to boost patients' ability to fight off the life-threatening infection as bacteria become more and more resistant to antibiotics.

'Pain paradox' discovery provides route to new pain control drugs Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:56 AM PDT A natural substance known to activate pain in the central nervous system has been found to have the opposite effect in other parts of the body, potentially paving the way to new methods of pain control.

Creativity, intermedial languages as bridge to communicate with autistic children Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:53 AM PDT This pioneering research using drama with autistic children started with an Arts and Humanities Research Council funded project 'Imagining Autism: Drama, Performance and Intermediality as Interventions for Autistic Spectrum Conditions' (2011-2014) working in special schools and has now extended to working with families

Recovery of dopamine function emerges with recovery from smoking Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:53 AM PDT A new study reports that smoking-related deficits in brain dopamine, a chemical implicated in reward and addiction, return to normal three months after quitting. The normalization of dopamine systems suggests smoking-related deficits are a consequence of chronic smoking, rather than a risk factor. These findings raise the possibility that treatments might be developed that normalize the dopamine system in smokers.

Treating psoriasis may improve related cardiovascular symptoms Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:24 AM PDT People with psoriasis have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Treating psoriasis may help improve cardiovascular symptoms by reducing skin inflammation, which in turn leads to less inflammation elsewhere in the body, say researchers.

Zika, other mosquito-borne illnesses pose threat to travelers Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:24 AM PDT Mosquitoes in the Aedes family can transmit not only the Zika virus, but also dengue and chikungunya. Travelers visiting regions affected by these diseases should take steps to protect themselves, warn experts.

Eczema can have many effects on patients' health Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:22 AM PDT When a patient is diagnosed with eczema, the diagnosis of another medical condition may not be far behind, say researchers. Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is characterized by dry, red patches of skin accompanied by intense itchiness. Although this disease is most often diagnosed in infancy and early childhood, it may continue or first emerge later in life for some patients.

Scar treatments can improve patients' quality of life Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:22 AM PDT Scarring can have a profound impact on patients. Fortunately, dermatologists have developed an improved understanding of the biology of scarring, allowing them to provide more effective treatment that can improve the appearance of scars.

Early detection of leukemia patients' resistance to therapy Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:22 AM PDT Researchers have made a world-first breakthrough in the early detection of patients' resistance to a common treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Apollo astronauts experiencing higher rates of cardiovascular-related deaths Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:22 AM PDT Members of the successful Apollo space program are experiencing higher rates of cardiovascular problems that are thought to be caused by their exposure to deep space radiation, according to a new study.

Poor skin cancer survival in patients with skin of color, study shows Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:22 AM PDT Because Caucasians have a higher skin cancer risk than the general population, people with skin of color may believe that they don't need to be concerned about this disease — but new research reveals this to be a dangerous misconception.

Introduction of screening could significantly reduce lung cancer deaths Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:18 AM PDT The introduction of lung cancer screening in the UK could significantly reduce deaths in high risk groups, without causing participants the undue stress sometimes associated with medical tests, say authors of a new report.

Successful treatment for a severe case of fetal lung disorder CPAM Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:18 AM PDT A successful treatment has now been conducted for the fetal lung disorder Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformattion (CPAM), also known as Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM). By performing a series of prenatal and postnatal treatments, the infant was discharged from the hospital without subsequent complications. This series of treatments potentially provides another option for families with unborn babies with the same disorder.

Microswimmer robot chains can decouple and reconnect in a magnetic field Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:12 AM PDT Researchers have successfully pulled off a feat that both sci-fi fans and Michael Phelps could appreciate. Using a rotating magnetic field they show how multiple chains of microscopic magnetic bead-based robots can link up to reach impressive speeds swimming through in a microfluidic environment. Their finding is the latest step toward using the so-called 'microswimmers' to deliver medicine and perform surgery inside the body.

Cancer on a Paleo-diet? Ask someone who lived 1.7 million years ago Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:09 AM PDT The most ancient evidence for cancer and bony tumors yet described in the human fossil record has been published by experts.

Smartphone exercises for a better mood Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:09 AM PDT Brief, directed smartphone exercises can help quickly improve our mood.

Valley fever diagnosis often missed Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:09 AM PDT For patients with pneumonia or ongoing influenza-like symptoms who live in or have visited the west or southwest United States, especially Arizona and central California, infectious diseases experts recommend physicians suspect valley fever, an often-overlooked fungal infection. Early diagnosis ensures the best management and reduces unneeded tests and treatment, note updated guidelines.

A sage discovery: Plant-derived compounds have potent anti-inflammatory effects Posted: 27 Jul 2016 04:44 PM PDT New research reveals that two specific plant-derived compounds may be effective for fighting inflammation and pain.

Financial cycles of acquisition and 'buybacks' threaten public access to breakthrough drugs Posted: 27 Jul 2016 04:43 PM PDT An analysis of a new drug's journey to market shines a light on financial practices that see some major pharmaceutical companies relying on a cycle of acquisitions, profits from high prices, and shareholder-driven maneuvers that threatens access to medicines for current and future patients.

Importance of including purpose of medications on prescriptions Posted: 27 Jul 2016 03:03 PM PDT Experts call for including the purpose of medications on prescriptions to inform and enhance safety by narrowing medication choices to those indicated for a specific problem.

New drug candidate could treat both type 2 diabetes, bone loss Posted: 27 Jul 2016 02:20 PM PDT A new study has shown that a new class of drug candidates increases bone mass by expanding bone formation (deposition of new bone) and bone turnover (a normal process of replacement of old bone).

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