ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Scientists identify immunological profiles of people who make powerful HIV antibodies
• Researchers find molecular switch that triggers bacterial pathogenicity
• Vaccination: Zika infection is caused by one virus serotype
• Fish oil vs. lard: Why some fat can help or hinder your diet
• The heart-brain connection: The link between LQTS and seizures
• Flexible building blocks of the future
• Green monkeys acquired Staphylococcus aureus from humans
• Florida investigation links four recent Zika cases to local mosquito-borne virus transmission
• Teens who smoke daily are more likely to report health complaints
• Acute kidney injury identifiable in preterm infants
• Frequent nut consumption associated with less inflammation
• Inflammatory response to ceramic scaffolds promotes bone regeneration
• Adolescent exposure to drugs, alcohol fuels use in adulthood
• Molecular troublemakers instead of antibiotics?
• Human nose holds novel antibiotic effective against multiresistant pathogens
• New cloud-computing platform to further the analysis of microbial genomes
• Virtual brain helps decrypt epilepsy
• Breastfeeding associated with better brain development, neurocognitive outcomes
• Portable device produces biologic drugs on demand
• Psychiatry on closed and open wards: The suicide risk remains the same
• Longer survival likely to be reason for increased numbers with diabetes, rather than increased incidence
• Original cell type does not affect iPS cell differentiation to blood
• Blood pressure hormone promotes obesity
• Sampling method used for new breast cancer tests may lead to underestimation of risk

Scientists identify immunological profiles of people who make powerful HIV antibodies Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:30 AM PDT People living with HIV who naturally produce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that may help suppress the virus have different immunological profiles than people who do not, researchers report. While bNAbs cannot completely clear HIV infections in people who already acquired the virus, scientists believe a successful preventive HIV vaccine must induce bNAbs. Defining how to safely replicate these attributes in HIV-uninfected vaccine recipients may lead to better designed experimental vaccines to protect against HIV.

Researchers find molecular switch that triggers bacterial pathogenicity Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:30 AM PDT The supercoiling of bacterial chromosomes around histone-like proteins can trigger the expression of genes that make the microbe invasive, new research shows. The discovery could provide a new target for the development of drugs to prevent or treat bacterial infection, say scientists.

Vaccination: Zika infection is caused by one virus serotype Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT Vaccination against a single strain of Zika virus should be sufficient to protect against genetically diverse strains of the virus, according to a new study.

Fish oil vs. lard: Why some fat can help or hinder your diet Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT A diet high in saturated fat can make your brain struggle to control what you eat, says a new study. Consuming fish oil instead of lard can make a significant difference, the study shows.

The heart-brain connection: The link between LQTS and seizures Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT Patients carrying certain mutations that cause Long QT Syndrome, a rare cardiac rhythm disorder, have an increased risk for developing seizures and have more severe cardiac symptoms.

Flexible building blocks of the future Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:28 AM PDT A discovery may lead to more close-fitting, comfortable and user-friendly prosthetics.

Green monkeys acquired Staphylococcus aureus from humans Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:28 AM PDT Many deadly diseases that afflict humans were originally acquired through contact with animals. New research suggests that pathogens can also jump the species barrier to move from humans to animals. The study shows that green monkeys in The Gambia acquired Staphylococcus aureus from humans.

Florida investigation links four recent Zika cases to local mosquito-borne virus transmission Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:20 AM PDT The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been informed by the State of Florida that Zika virus infections in four people were likely caused by bites of local Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The cases are likely the first known occurrence of local mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission in the continental United States. CDC is closely coordinating with Florida officials who are leading the ongoing investigations, and at the state's request, sent a CDC medical epidemiologist to provide additional assistance.

Teens who smoke daily are more likely to report health complaints Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:10 AM PDT As fewer teens overall take up smoking, those who do smoke daily are reporting more health complaints than in years past, a new study indicates.

Acute kidney injury identifiable in preterm infants Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:10 AM PDT Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in preterm infants is possible through urinary protein markers, say investigators. Improving the ability to diagnose AKI, a sudden decline in kidney function, is critical, as approximately 25 percent of preterm infants develop AKI.

Frequent nut consumption associated with less inflammation Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT In a study of more than 5,000 people, investigators have found that greater intake of nuts was associated with lower levels of biomarkers of inflammation, a finding that may help explain the health benefits of nuts.

Inflammatory response to ceramic scaffolds promotes bone regeneration Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT Researchers have identified how inflammation, when precisely controlled, is crucial to bone repair.

Adolescent exposure to drugs, alcohol fuels use in adulthood Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT Teenagers who have easy access to drugs and alcohol in the home are more likely to drink and do drugs in their early and late 20s. That's according to the one of the first studies to look at how adolescent exposure to illegal substances affects patterns of abuse in adulthood.

Molecular troublemakers instead of antibiotics? Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT They may be slimy, but they are a perfect environment for microorganisms: biofilms. Protected against external influences, here bacteria can grow undisturbed, and trigger diseases. Scientists are researching how it can be possible to prevent the formation of biofilms from the beginning. On this basis, alternatives to antibiotics could be developed, as many pathogens are already resistant.

Human nose holds novel antibiotic effective against multiresistant pathogens Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT A potential lifesaver lies unrecognized in the human body: Scientists have discovered that Staphylococcus lugdunensis which colonizes in the human nose produces a previously unknown antibiotic. As tests on mice have shown, the substance which has been named Lugdunin is able to combat multiresistant pathogens, where many classic antibiotics have become ineffective.

New cloud-computing platform to further the analysis of microbial genomes Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT A cloud-based microbial bioinformatics resource has been developed by researchers, which is believed to be the largest of its kind in the world.

Virtual brain helps decrypt epilepsy Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT A virtual brain has been created that can reconstitute the brain of a person affected by epilepsy for the first time. From this work we understand better how the disease works and can also better prepare for surgery, say scientists.

Breastfeeding associated with better brain development, neurocognitive outcomes Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT A new study, which followed 180 pre-term infants from birth to age seven, found that babies who were fed more breast milk within the first 28 days of life had had larger volumes of certain regions of the brain at term equivalent and had better IQs, academic achievement, working memory, and motor function.

Portable device produces biologic drugs on demand Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT A portable production system, designed to manufacture a range of biopharmaceuticals on demand, has been developed by researchers. In a new paper, the researchers demonstrate that the system can be used to produce a single dose of treatment from a compact device containing a small droplet of cells in a liquid.

Psychiatry on closed and open wards: The suicide risk remains the same Posted: 28 Jul 2016 04:56 PM PDT In psychiatric clinics with an exclusively open-door policy, the risk of patients committing suicide or absconding from treatment is no higher than in clinics with locked wards. This has been demonstrated in a large study in which around 350,000 cases were analyzed over a period of 15 years.

Longer survival likely to be reason for increased numbers with diabetes, rather than increased incidence Posted: 28 Jul 2016 04:55 PM PDT Overall incidence of type 2 diabetes has stabilized over recent years, according to a new study, while mortality has declined, suggesting that increasing prevalence of the disease within the population may be attributed not to increasing numbers but to longer survival of patients with diabetes.

Original cell type does not affect iPS cell differentiation to blood Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:33 AM PDT The effectiveness of reprogramming cells into blood cells is thought to depend on the original cell type and reprogramming method. Researchers show this assumption is actually the result of epigenetic effects, suggesting any founder cell and reprogramming method is feasible for blood production.

Blood pressure hormone promotes obesity Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:32 AM PDT New research helps explain how a hormone system often targeted to treat cardiovascular disease can also lower metabolism and promote obesity.

Sampling method used for new breast cancer tests may lead to underestimation of risk Posted: 28 Jul 2016 07:56 AM PDT Not only is breast cancer more than one disease, but a single breast cancer tumor can vary within itself, giving the potential for very different patient treatment plans depending on the tumor sample and diagnostic testing used. The results demonstrate that tumor sampling techniques used with newly developed 'personalized medicine' gene expression profile tests may need to be refined to ensure that the most appropriate tumor sections are selected.

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