ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Quantum theory and Einstein's special relativity applied to plasma physics issues
• Something deep within: Nanocrystals grown in nanowires
• Electric grid vulnerabilities in extreme weather areas
• Replication project investigates self-control as limited resource
• Scientists identify immunological profiles of people who make powerful HIV antibodies
• Researchers find molecular switch that triggers bacterial pathogenicity
• Vaccination: Zika infection is caused by one virus serotype
• New fossil evidence supports theory that first mass extinction engineered by early animals
• Fish oil vs. lard: Why some fat can help or hinder your diet
• The heart-brain connection: The link between LQTS and seizures
• New method for making green LEDs enhances their efficiency and brightness
• Scientists find a way of acquiring graphene-like films from salts to boost nanoelectronics
• Flexible building blocks of the future
• Ultrathin, transparent oxide thin-film transistors developed for wearable display
• Green monkeys acquired Staphylococcus aureus from humans
• Florida investigation links four recent Zika cases to local mosquito-borne virus transmission
• Satellite data reveal serious decline in Georgia salt marsh health
• Transit and training crucial to connecting unemployed with jobs
• Waste from test fracking wells safe to be on highways, research concludes
• Research pinpoints most dangerous HGV designs
• Teens who smoke daily are more likely to report health complaints
• Acute kidney injury identifiable in preterm infants
• Rice crops that can save farmers money and cut pollution
• Frequent nut consumption associated with less inflammation
• Inflammatory response to ceramic scaffolds promotes bone regeneration
• Teasing out the microbiome of the Kansas prairie
• Adolescent exposure to drugs, alcohol fuels use in adulthood
• Cognitive ability varies, but prejudice is universal
• Molecular troublemakers instead of antibiotics?
• Discovery of new emission lines from highly charged heavy ions
• Researchers pinpoint abrupt onset of modern day Indian Ocean monsoon system
• Human nose holds novel antibiotic effective against multiresistant pathogens
• New cloud-computing platform to further the analysis of microbial genomes
• Students build the world's lightest electric paraglider trike
• Animal 'roles' could provide key to accurate forest restoration findings, says new study
• Virtual brain helps decrypt epilepsy
• North-South economic, social divide still growing, according to new research
• Scientists warn about health of English bulldog
• Lattice structure absorbs vibrations
• Novel 'repair system' discovered in algae may yield new tools for biotechnology
• Breastfeeding associated with better brain development, neurocognitive outcomes
• Knots in chaotic waves
• Portable device produces biologic drugs on demand
• Abundant and diverse ecosystem found in area targeted for deep-sea mining
• Psychiatry on closed and open wards: The suicide risk remains the same
• Longer survival likely to be reason for increased numbers with diabetes, rather than increased incidence
• Original cell type does not affect iPS cell differentiation to blood

Quantum theory and Einstein's special relativity applied to plasma physics issues Posted: 29 Jul 2016 04:01 PM PDT Among the intriguing issues in plasma physics are those surrounding X-ray pulsars -- collapsed stars that orbit around a cosmic companion and beam light at regular intervals, like lighthouses in the sky. Physicists want to know the strength of the magnetic field and density of the plasma that surrounds these pulsars, which can be millions of times greater than the density of plasma in stars like the sun. Researchers have developed a theory of plasma waves that can infer these properties in greater detail than in standard approaches.

Something deep within: Nanocrystals grown in nanowires Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:32 AM PDT Scientists have tailored extremely small wires that carry light and electrons. These new structures could open up a potential path to smaller, lighter, or more efficient devices, they say.

Electric grid vulnerabilities in extreme weather areas Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:30 AM PDT Climate and energy scientists have developed a new method to pinpoint which electrical service areas will be most vulnerable as populations grow and temperatures rise.

Replication project investigates self-control as limited resource Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:30 AM PDT A new research replication project, involving 24 labs and over 2,100 participants, failed to reproduce findings from a previous study that suggested that self-control is a depletable resource.

Scientists identify immunological profiles of people who make powerful HIV antibodies Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:30 AM PDT People living with HIV who naturally produce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that may help suppress the virus have different immunological profiles than people who do not, researchers report. While bNAbs cannot completely clear HIV infections in people who already acquired the virus, scientists believe a successful preventive HIV vaccine must induce bNAbs. Defining how to safely replicate these attributes in HIV-uninfected vaccine recipients may lead to better designed experimental vaccines to protect against HIV.

Researchers find molecular switch that triggers bacterial pathogenicity Posted: 29 Jul 2016 11:30 AM PDT The supercoiling of bacterial chromosomes around histone-like proteins can trigger the expression of genes that make the microbe invasive, new research shows. The discovery could provide a new target for the development of drugs to prevent or treat bacterial infection, say scientists.

Vaccination: Zika infection is caused by one virus serotype Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT Vaccination against a single strain of Zika virus should be sufficient to protect against genetically diverse strains of the virus, according to a new study.

New fossil evidence supports theory that first mass extinction engineered by early animals Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT Newly discovered fossil evidence from Namibia strengthens the proposition that the world's first mass extinction was caused by 'ecosystem engineers' -- newly evolved biological organisms that altered the environment so radically it drove older species to extinction.

Fish oil vs. lard: Why some fat can help or hinder your diet Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT A diet high in saturated fat can make your brain struggle to control what you eat, says a new study. Consuming fish oil instead of lard can make a significant difference, the study shows.

The heart-brain connection: The link between LQTS and seizures Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT Patients carrying certain mutations that cause Long QT Syndrome, a rare cardiac rhythm disorder, have an increased risk for developing seizures and have more severe cardiac symptoms.

New method for making green LEDs enhances their efficiency and brightness Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:29 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new method for making brighter and more efficient green light-emitting diodes. Using an industry-standard semiconductor growth technique, they have created gallium nitride cubic crystals grown on a silicon substrate that are capable of producing powerful green light for advanced solid-state lighting.

Scientists find a way of acquiring graphene-like films from salts to boost nanoelectronics Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:28 AM PDT Scientists have found a way to acquire 2-D graphene-like layers of various salts. Because to the unique properties of two-dimensional materials, this opens up great prospects for nanoelectronics. Using computer modeling they have found the exact parameters, under which certain salts undergo graphitization -- rearrangement of atoms in the slab with further decomposition of a crystal into 2-D layers.The received data will soon be used to acquire these layers experimentally.

Flexible building blocks of the future Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:28 AM PDT A discovery may lead to more close-fitting, comfortable and user-friendly prosthetics.

Ultrathin, transparent oxide thin-film transistors developed for wearable display Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:28 AM PDT Ultrathin and transparent oxide thin-film transistors have been developed for an active-matrix backplane of a flexible display by using the inorganic-based laser lift-off method.

Green monkeys acquired Staphylococcus aureus from humans Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:28 AM PDT Many deadly diseases that afflict humans were originally acquired through contact with animals. New research suggests that pathogens can also jump the species barrier to move from humans to animals. The study shows that green monkeys in The Gambia acquired Staphylococcus aureus from humans.

Florida investigation links four recent Zika cases to local mosquito-borne virus transmission Posted: 29 Jul 2016 10:20 AM PDT The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been informed by the State of Florida that Zika virus infections in four people were likely caused by bites of local Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The cases are likely the first known occurrence of local mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission in the continental United States. CDC is closely coordinating with Florida officials who are leading the ongoing investigations, and at the state's request, sent a CDC medical epidemiologist to provide additional assistance.

Satellite data reveal serious decline in Georgia salt marsh health Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:13 AM PDT The amount of vegetation along the Georgia coast has declined significantly in the last 30 years, spurring concerns about the overall health of marshland ecosystems in the area, warn scientists.

Transit and training crucial to connecting unemployed with jobs Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:13 AM PDT The mismatch between unemployed workers and job vacancies is a serious problem in the Twin Cities region and it appears to have worsened since the turn of the millennium, new research indicates. The biggest concentrations of unemployed workers lack fast or frequent transit service to some of the richest concentrations of job vacancies, particularly vacancies in the south and southwest metro.

Waste from test fracking wells safe to be on highways, research concludes Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:13 AM PDT Researchers studied drilling wastes produced at two research wells near Morgantown and found they are well below federal guidelines for radioactive or hazardous waste.

Research pinpoints most dangerous HGV designs Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:10 AM PDT HGVs with high cabs have the most blind spots and pose the greatest risk to vulnerable road users, research has found.

Teens who smoke daily are more likely to report health complaints Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:10 AM PDT As fewer teens overall take up smoking, those who do smoke daily are reporting more health complaints than in years past, a new study indicates.

Acute kidney injury identifiable in preterm infants Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:10 AM PDT Early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in preterm infants is possible through urinary protein markers, say investigators. Improving the ability to diagnose AKI, a sudden decline in kidney function, is critical, as approximately 25 percent of preterm infants develop AKI.

Rice crops that can save farmers money and cut pollution Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT A new study has identified 'superstar' varieties of rice that can reduce fertilizer loss and cut down on environmental pollution in the process, report scientists.

Frequent nut consumption associated with less inflammation Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT In a study of more than 5,000 people, investigators have found that greater intake of nuts was associated with lower levels of biomarkers of inflammation, a finding that may help explain the health benefits of nuts.

Inflammatory response to ceramic scaffolds promotes bone regeneration Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT Researchers have identified how inflammation, when precisely controlled, is crucial to bone repair.

Teasing out the microbiome of the Kansas prairie Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT Scientists have untangled a soil metagenome -- all the genetic material recovered from a sample of soil -- more fully than ever before, reconstructing portions of the genomes of 129 species of microbes. While it's only a tiny proportion of the estimated 100,000 species in the sample, it's a leap forward for scientists who have had only a fraction of that success to date.

Adolescent exposure to drugs, alcohol fuels use in adulthood Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT Teenagers who have easy access to drugs and alcohol in the home are more likely to drink and do drugs in their early and late 20s. That's according to the one of the first studies to look at how adolescent exposure to illegal substances affects patterns of abuse in adulthood.

Cognitive ability varies, but prejudice is universal Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT A new study shows both high and low cognitive ability have distinct prejudices against particular groups.

Molecular troublemakers instead of antibiotics? Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT They may be slimy, but they are a perfect environment for microorganisms: biofilms. Protected against external influences, here bacteria can grow undisturbed, and trigger diseases. Scientists are researching how it can be possible to prevent the formation of biofilms from the beginning. On this basis, alternatives to antibiotics could be developed, as many pathogens are already resistant.

Discovery of new emission lines from highly charged heavy ions Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:09 AM PDT A variety of heavy elements have been introduced into a high-temperature plasma in the Large Helical Device. By measuring the emission spectrum of the extreme ultraviolet wavelength range, researchers discovered new spectral lines that had not been observed in the past.

Researchers pinpoint abrupt onset of modern day Indian Ocean monsoon system Posted: 29 Jul 2016 08:08 AM PDT A new study by an international team of scientists reveals the exact timing of the onset of the modern monsoon pattern in the Maldives 12.9 million years ago, and its connection to past climate changes and coral reefs in the region. The analysis of sediment cores provides direct physical evidence of the environmental conditions that sparked the monsoon conditions that exist today around the low-lying island nation and the Indian subcontinent.

Human nose holds novel antibiotic effective against multiresistant pathogens Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT A potential lifesaver lies unrecognized in the human body: Scientists have discovered that Staphylococcus lugdunensis which colonizes in the human nose produces a previously unknown antibiotic. As tests on mice have shown, the substance which has been named Lugdunin is able to combat multiresistant pathogens, where many classic antibiotics have become ineffective.

New cloud-computing platform to further the analysis of microbial genomes Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT A cloud-based microbial bioinformatics resource has been developed by researchers, which is believed to be the largest of its kind in the world.

Students build the world's lightest electric paraglider trike Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT A group of students has tackled an engineering challenge by custom building lightweight aircraft inspired by paragliders and tricycles.

Animal 'roles' could provide key to accurate forest restoration findings, says new study Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT Replanting cleared forests can recover animal communities and important ecological processes relatively quickly, says a new study. But, warn the research team, the traditional way of evaluating such restoration projects, which includes the numbers of species and individuals in a habitat, is insufficient and may need to change.

Virtual brain helps decrypt epilepsy Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT A virtual brain has been created that can reconstitute the brain of a person affected by epilepsy for the first time. From this work we understand better how the disease works and can also better prepare for surgery, say scientists.

North-South economic, social divide still growing, according to new research Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:30 AM PDT The North-South economic and social divide in England is still growing, according to new research.

Scientists warn about health of English bulldog Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT According to new research it could be difficult to improve the health of the English bulldog, one of the world's unhealthiest dog breeds, from within its existing gene pool.

Lattice structure absorbs vibrations Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT Researchers have developed a lattice structure capable of absorbing a wide range of vibrations while also being useful as a load-bearing component -- for example, in propellers, rotors and rockets. It can absorb vibrations in the audible range, which are the most undesirable in engineering applications.

Novel 'repair system' discovered in algae may yield new tools for biotechnology Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT The algae C. reinhardtii uses a novel system for releasing an interrupting sequence from a protein -- a technique that may be useful for protein purification.

Breastfeeding associated with better brain development, neurocognitive outcomes Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT A new study, which followed 180 pre-term infants from birth to age seven, found that babies who were fed more breast milk within the first 28 days of life had had larger volumes of certain regions of the brain at term equivalent and had better IQs, academic achievement, working memory, and motor function.

Knots in chaotic waves Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT New research, using computer models of wave chaos, has shown that three-dimensional tangled vortex filaments can in fact be knotted in many highly complex ways.

Portable device produces biologic drugs on demand Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT A portable production system, designed to manufacture a range of biopharmaceuticals on demand, has been developed by researchers. In a new paper, the researchers demonstrate that the system can be used to produce a single dose of treatment from a compact device containing a small droplet of cells in a liquid.

Abundant and diverse ecosystem found in area targeted for deep-sea mining Posted: 29 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT Scientists discovered impressive abundance and diversity among the creatures living on the seafloor in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone -- an area in the equatorial Pacific Ocean being targeted for deep-sea mining. The study found that more than half of the species they collected were new to science, reiterating how little is known about life on the seafloor in this region.

Psychiatry on closed and open wards: The suicide risk remains the same Posted: 28 Jul 2016 04:56 PM PDT In psychiatric clinics with an exclusively open-door policy, the risk of patients committing suicide or absconding from treatment is no higher than in clinics with locked wards. This has been demonstrated in a large study in which around 350,000 cases were analyzed over a period of 15 years.

Longer survival likely to be reason for increased numbers with diabetes, rather than increased incidence Posted: 28 Jul 2016 04:55 PM PDT Overall incidence of type 2 diabetes has stabilized over recent years, according to a new study, while mortality has declined, suggesting that increasing prevalence of the disease within the population may be attributed not to increasing numbers but to longer survival of patients with diabetes.

Original cell type does not affect iPS cell differentiation to blood Posted: 28 Jul 2016 11:33 AM PDT The effectiveness of reprogramming cells into blood cells is thought to depend on the original cell type and reprogramming method. Researchers show this assumption is actually the result of epigenetic effects, suggesting any founder cell and reprogramming method is feasible for blood production.

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