ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Muscles have circadian clocks that control exercise response
• Scientists reveal link between cell metabolism and the spread of cancer
• Jet lag treatment? Blast of thin air can reset circadian clocks
• Overlooked molecules could revolutionize our understanding of the immune system
• ADHD symptom persistence into adulthood estimated
• Needle-sized imaging probe improves image quality, surgical outcome
• Scientists build a better cancer drug to pass through blood-brain barrier
• ALS study reveals role of RNA-binding proteins
• More American men with early-stage prostate cancer could opt out of immediate treatment
• Fast-food calorie labeling unlikely to encourage healthy eating, finds study
• Do microbes control our mood?
• Treatment approach used in cancer holds promise for Alzheimer's disease
• Music may help make high-intensity interval training viable option for average person
• Ultrastructure of a condensed chromosome-like structure in a cyanobacterium
• Taking out the cellular 'trash' at the right place and the right time
• Study shows promise to repair the urethra using bone marrow stem cells
• To prescribe or not to prescribe?
• Exploding smartphones: What's the silent danger lurking in our rechargeable devices?
• Advances made in Alzheimer's research
• Exchanging sedentariness for low-intensity physical activity can prevent weight gain in children
• Neighborhoods important factor in risk of stroke for all races
• Exercise may help ward off memory decline
• Patients with insomnia have altered activity in specific brain regions
• Neu5Gc in red meat and organs may pose a significant health hazard
• Scientists find new genetic roots of schizophrenia
• First glimpse of end-of chromosome repair in real time
• Metabolism: What is it and can it be controlled?
• Abuse of some prescription drugs can be a risk for college sexual assaults, regretted sex

Muscles have circadian clocks that control exercise response Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:41 AM PDT Humans may be able to respond better to exercise during the daytime, suggests new research. Oxygen and the internal clock "do a dance together" in muscle cells to make energy, they say. The discovery provides insights that could lead to optimizing muscle function.

Scientists reveal link between cell metabolism and the spread of cancer Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:39 AM PDT A crucial factor in the spread of cancer has been discovered by a team of researchers that has demonstrated that the metabolism of macrophages, a particular type of white blood cell, can be attuned to prevent the spread of cancer. The key is in making these macrophages more prone to 'steal' sugar from the cells forming the tumor's blood vessels. As a result, these blood vessels will be structured more tightly, which can prevent cancer cells from spreading to other organs.

Jet lag treatment? Blast of thin air can reset circadian clocks Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:27 AM PDT We might not think of our circadian clock until we are jetlagged, but scientists continue to puzzle over what drives our biological timepiece. Now, a study has found that variations in surrounding oxygen levels can reset circadian clocks of mice. If confirmed in humans, the research could help inform how airlines moderate cabin air pressure.

Overlooked molecules could revolutionize our understanding of the immune system Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:11 AM PDT Thousands of new immune system signals have been uncovered with potential implications for immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases and vaccine development. The researchers behind the finding say it is the biological equivalent of discovering a new continent.

ADHD symptom persistence into adulthood estimated Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:23 AM PDT Sixty percent of children with ADHD in a recent study demonstrated persistence of symptoms into their mid-20's, and 41 percent had both symptoms and impairment as young adults.

Needle-sized imaging probe improves image quality, surgical outcome Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:19 AM PDT To provide a better view of difficult to see tissue, researchers have miniaturized an imaging probe to fit inside a needle that can be inserted into the eye during eye surgery. The probe was used without complications in three human patients, as described in a new article.

Scientists build a better cancer drug to pass through blood-brain barrier Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:19 AM PDT In efforts to develop new treatments for brain cancer, scientists report they have altered the structure of an experimental drug that seems to enhance its ability to slip through the mostly impermeable blood-brain barrier.

ALS study reveals role of RNA-binding proteins Posted: 20 Oct 2016 09:08 AM PDT Although only 10 percent of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases are hereditary, a significant number of them are caused by mutations that affect proteins that bind RNA, a type of genetic material. Researchers studied several ALS cases with a mutation in a RNA-binding protein known as hnRNP A2/B1. In the study, they describe how damage to this protein contributes to ALS by scrambling crucial cellular messaging systems.

More American men with early-stage prostate cancer could opt out of immediate treatment Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:53 AM PDT A new report on Swedish men with non-aggressive prostate cancer suggests that a lot more American men could safely choose to monitor their disease instead of seeking immediate radiation treatment or surgery.

Fast-food calorie labeling unlikely to encourage healthy eating, finds study Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:53 AM PDT Researchers show why fast-food menu calorie counts do not help consumers make healthy choices in a new study.

Do microbes control our mood? Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:46 AM PDT Our intestine hosts a complex ecosystem of bacteria; we call it the gut microbiota, which includes at least 1000 difference species. We get most of our gut microbes soon after birth, although there is evidence of colonization even during prenatal life. Now new research on gut bacteria may change the way we look at anxiety, depression, and behavioral disorders, say scientists.

Treatment approach used in cancer holds promise for Alzheimer's disease Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:35 AM PDT New Alzheimer's treatment could be delivered as nasal spray, say scientists. Researchers have developed a novel treatment that could block the development of Alzheimer's disease using microscopic droplets of fat to carry drugs into the brain. This treatment approach, which is used to target drugs to cancer cells, has been successfully applied to Alzheimer's disease for the first time, restoring memory loss in mice.

Music may help make high-intensity interval training viable option for average person Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:06 AM PDT Listening to music may make it easier for people to adopt short duration exercise regimens that could help them stay in shape, according to researchers.

Ultrastructure of a condensed chromosome-like structure in a cyanobacterium Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:05 AM PDT Eukaryotic cells, including human cells, form paired condensed chromosomes before cell division. The paired chromosomes are then equally divided into the daughter cells. Prokaryotic cells, including bacteria, do not have such a DNA distribution system. Researchers have discovered that the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus shows eukaryotic condensed chromosome-like DNA compaction prior to cell division and were able to reveal details of the transiently formed structure.

Taking out the cellular 'trash' at the right place and the right time Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:25 AM PDT New insight about how cells dispose of their waste has been discovered by researchers. They show the necessity of a regulation in space and time of a key protein involved in cellular waste disposal. Dysfunctions in the waste disposal system of a cell are linked to cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Study shows promise to repair the urethra using bone marrow stem cells Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:25 AM PDT A potential new strategy may be utilized to correct hypospadias, a birth defect which occurs when boys are born with a urinary opening on the underside of the penis, found in up to one in every 200 boys. Current treatment involves surgical reconstruction with a graft using tissue taken from the inside of a child's cheek. This approach is associated with multiple complications and sometimes requires repeated surgeries.

To prescribe or not to prescribe? Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT Doctors are more likely to prescribe growth hormones for a child who does not meet federal guidelines for the therapy if the child's family requests it or if the physician believes in its intangible benefits, such as the patient's emotional well-being, new research finds.

Exploding smartphones: What's the silent danger lurking in our rechargeable devices? Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:22 AM PDT Dozens of dangerous gases are produced by the batteries found in billions of consumer devices, like smartphones and tablets, according to a new study. The research identified more than 100 toxic gases released by lithium batteries, including carbon monoxide.

Advances made in Alzheimer's research Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT A major advance has been made in Alzheimer's research, say researchers. They showed how a diseased vertebrate brain can naturally react to Alzheimer's pathology by forming more neurons. Two proteins (Interleukin-4 and STAT6) have been identified to be relevant for this process. This is a big step towards the understanding, prevention or even healing of Alzheimer's disease – a disease with about 170,000 new cases diagnosed every year in Germany.

Exchanging sedentariness for low-intensity physical activity can prevent weight gain in children Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT As little as 10 minutes of high-intensity physical activity per day reduces the amount of adipose tissue and enhances cardiorespiratory fitness in 6-8-year-old children, according to a new study. The higher the intensity of physical activity, the stronger the association with the amount of adipose tissue. Exchanging sedentary behavior -- mainly sitting -- for even low-intensity physical activity reduces the amount of adipose tissue. In order for physical activity to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness, the intensity needs to be at least moderate.

Neighborhoods important factor in risk of stroke for all races Posted: 19 Oct 2016 02:31 PM PDT Those living in more advantaged neighborhoods are less likely to have a stroke than are their counterparts who live in less advantaged neighborhoods, according to a new study.

Exercise may help ward off memory decline Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:27 PM PDT Exercise may be associated with a small benefit for elderly people who already have memory and thinking problems, according to new research. The research involved people with vascular cognitive impairment, which is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. In vascular cognitive impairment, problems with memory and thinking skills result from damage to large and small blood vessels in the brain.

Patients with insomnia have altered activity in specific brain regions Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:25 PM PDT Specific brain regions, including those involved in awareness of self and tendency to ruminate, show altered activity in patients with insomnia when compared to good sleepers, according to a new study.

Neu5Gc in red meat and organs may pose a significant health hazard Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:02 PM PDT A non-human sialic acid sugar molecule common in red meat that increases the risk of tumor formation in humans is also prevalent in pig organs, with concentrations increasing as the organs are cooked, a study has found.

Scientists find new genetic roots of schizophrenia Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:00 PM PDT Using a recently developed technology for analyzing DNA, scientists have found dozens of genes and two major biological pathways that are likely involved in the development of the disorder but had not been uncovered in previous genetic studies of schizophrenia. The work provides important new information about how schizophrenia originates and points the way to more detailed studies -- and possibly better treatments in the future. Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling mental illness whose symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions and cognitive problems. The illness afflicts about 1 percent of the human population.

First glimpse of end-of chromosome repair in real time Posted: 19 Oct 2016 12:59 PM PDT Maintaining the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, allows cells to continuously divide and achieve immortality. In a new study, researchers have developed a first-of-its- kind system to observe repair to broken DNA in newly synthesized telomeres, an effort which has implications for designing new cancer drugs.

Metabolism: What is it and can it be controlled? Posted: 19 Oct 2016 12:48 PM PDT "I have a fast metabolism; I can eat and eat and stay skinny." Most of us have heard someone say this. But what is metabolism, and can we make ours run a bit faster? A new article helps break down what you should know about your metabolism.

Abuse of some prescription drugs can be a risk for college sexual assaults, regretted sex Posted: 19 Oct 2016 12:09 PM PDT The abuse of prescription drugs by college students can play a role in negative sexual events such as sexual assault and regretted sex, new research has found.

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