ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Muscles have circadian clocks that control exercise response
• Turning biofuel waste into wealth in a single step
• Scientists reveal link between cell metabolism and the spread of cancer
• Jet lag treatment? Blast of thin air can reset circadian clocks
• New perovskite solar cell design could outperform existing commercial technologies
• Overlooked molecules could revolutionize our understanding of the immune system
• Early fossil fish from China shows where our jaws came from
• ADHD symptom persistence into adulthood estimated
• Liquid-repellant tape adheres to any surface
• Needle-sized imaging probe improves image quality, surgical outcome
• Scientists build a better cancer drug to pass through blood-brain barrier
• ExoMars lander descent data: Decoding underway
• ExoMars orbiter reaches Mars orbit while lander situation under assessment
• ALS study reveals role of RNA-binding proteins
• Designing the future internet
• More American men with early-stage prostate cancer could opt out of immediate treatment
• Fast-food calorie labeling unlikely to encourage healthy eating, finds study
• Do microbes control our mood?
• Treatment approach used in cancer holds promise for Alzheimer's disease
• Self-healable battery
• Amazonian frog has its own ant repellent
• Safe new storage method could be key to future of hydrogen-powered vehicles
• Long-awaited Hyperloop pod demonstrates magnetic levitation
• Offspring from fat fish on deep reefs help keep shallower populations afloat
• Creating 3-D hands to keep us safe, increase security
• Scientists can listen to proteins by turning data into music
• Strong, steady forces at work during cell division
• Receding glaciers in Bolivia leave communities at risk
• Leisure activities, job crafting can make company 'mistfits' more productive
• Music may help make high-intensity interval training viable option for average person
• Ultrastructure of a condensed chromosome-like structure in a cyanobacterium
• Self-assembly of photoresponsive polymer brushes to realize advanced surfaces
• Unexplainable activity in distant stars: New class of explosive events?
• Taking out the cellular 'trash' at the right place and the right time
• Study shows promise to repair the urethra using bone marrow stem cells
• To prescribe or not to prescribe?
• Amazon fishery management provides rare 'win-win' chance for conservation and poverty alleviation
• Exploding smartphones: What's the silent danger lurking in our rechargeable devices?
• 170,000 hate crimes go unreported in the UK each year, according to new research
• Light speckles having a conversation
• Advances made in Alzheimer's research
• Life on the edge of a habitat is dangerous
• Pre-university skills course boosts students' A-level success
• Flying drones could soon re-charge while airborne with new technology
• Early humans used innovative heating techniques to make stone blades
• Exchanging sedentariness for low-intensity physical activity can prevent weight gain in children
• Astrophysicists map the Milky Way
• Marijuana's hidden price: Environmental impact
• All yeasts are not created equal
• Neighborhoods important factor in risk of stroke for all races
• Curious tilt of the Sun traced to undiscovered planet
• Exercise may help ward off memory decline
• First Pluto, now this: Discovery of first binary-binary calls solar system formation into question
• Patients with insomnia have altered activity in specific brain regions
• Neu5Gc in red meat and organs may pose a significant health hazard
• Study explains strength gap between graphene, carbon fiber
• Scientists find new genetic roots of schizophrenia
• First glimpse of end-of chromosome repair in real time
• African clawed frog genome contains two full sets of chromosomes from 2 two extinct ancestors
• Monkeys are seen making stone flakes so humans are 'not unique' after all

Muscles have circadian clocks that control exercise response Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:41 AM PDT Humans may be able to respond better to exercise during the daytime, suggests new research. Oxygen and the internal clock "do a dance together" in muscle cells to make energy, they say. The discovery provides insights that could lead to optimizing muscle function.

Turning biofuel waste into wealth in a single step Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:39 AM PDT Lignin is a bulky chain of molecules found in wood and is usually discarded during biofuel production. But in a new method to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, the simple addition of formaldehyde could turn it into the main focus.

Scientists reveal link between cell metabolism and the spread of cancer Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:39 AM PDT A crucial factor in the spread of cancer has been discovered by a team of researchers that has demonstrated that the metabolism of macrophages, a particular type of white blood cell, can be attuned to prevent the spread of cancer. The key is in making these macrophages more prone to 'steal' sugar from the cells forming the tumor's blood vessels. As a result, these blood vessels will be structured more tightly, which can prevent cancer cells from spreading to other organs.

Jet lag treatment? Blast of thin air can reset circadian clocks Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:27 AM PDT We might not think of our circadian clock until we are jetlagged, but scientists continue to puzzle over what drives our biological timepiece. Now, a study has found that variations in surrounding oxygen levels can reset circadian clocks of mice. If confirmed in humans, the research could help inform how airlines moderate cabin air pressure.

New perovskite solar cell design could outperform existing commercial technologies Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:20 AM PDT A new design for solar cells that uses inexpensive, commonly available materials could rival and even outperform conventional cells made of silicon. In a new article, researchers describe using tin and other abundant elements to create novel forms of perovskite -- a photovoltaic crystalline material that's thinner, more flexible and easier to manufacture than silicon crystals.

Overlooked molecules could revolutionize our understanding of the immune system Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:11 AM PDT Thousands of new immune system signals have been uncovered with potential implications for immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases and vaccine development. The researchers behind the finding say it is the biological equivalent of discovering a new continent.

Early fossil fish from China shows where our jaws came from Posted: 20 Oct 2016 11:08 AM PDT Where did our jaws come from? The question is more complicated than it seems, because not all jaws are the same. In a new article, palaeontologists from China and Sweden trace our jaws back to the extinct placoderms, armoured prehistoric fish that lived over 400 million years ago.

ADHD symptom persistence into adulthood estimated Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:23 AM PDT Sixty percent of children with ADHD in a recent study demonstrated persistence of symptoms into their mid-20's, and 41 percent had both symptoms and impairment as young adults.

Liquid-repellant tape adheres to any surface Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:21 AM PDT A superomniphobic tape has been created that, when adhered to any surface, gives the surface liquid-repelling properties. Superomniphobic surfaces are extremely repellent to all liquids, made possible by an air cushion that lies between a liquid and a solid surface.

Needle-sized imaging probe improves image quality, surgical outcome Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:19 AM PDT To provide a better view of difficult to see tissue, researchers have miniaturized an imaging probe to fit inside a needle that can be inserted into the eye during eye surgery. The probe was used without complications in three human patients, as described in a new article.

Scientists build a better cancer drug to pass through blood-brain barrier Posted: 20 Oct 2016 10:19 AM PDT In efforts to develop new treatments for brain cancer, scientists report they have altered the structure of an experimental drug that seems to enhance its ability to slip through the mostly impermeable blood-brain barrier.

ExoMars lander descent data: Decoding underway Posted: 20 Oct 2016 09:33 AM PDT Essential data from the ExoMars Schiaparelli lander sent to its mothership Trace Gas Orbiter during the module's descent to the Red Planet's surface yesterday has been downlinked to Earth and is currently being analysed by experts.

ExoMars orbiter reaches Mars orbit while lander situation under assessment Posted: 19 Oct 2016 08:11 AM PDT The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) of ESA's ExoMars 2016 has successfully performed the long 139-minute burn required to be captured by Mars and entered an elliptical orbit around the Red Planet, while contact has not yet been confirmed with the mission's test lander from the surface.

ALS study reveals role of RNA-binding proteins Posted: 20 Oct 2016 09:08 AM PDT Although only 10 percent of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases are hereditary, a significant number of them are caused by mutations that affect proteins that bind RNA, a type of genetic material. Researchers studied several ALS cases with a mutation in a RNA-binding protein known as hnRNP A2/B1. In the study, they describe how damage to this protein contributes to ALS by scrambling crucial cellular messaging systems.

Designing the future internet Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:53 AM PDT This century, our world will be flooded with hundreds of billions of smartphones, gadgets, sensors and other smart objects connected to the internet. New research is at the forefront of efforts to redesign the internet to handle the enormous increase in traffic.

More American men with early-stage prostate cancer could opt out of immediate treatment Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:53 AM PDT A new report on Swedish men with non-aggressive prostate cancer suggests that a lot more American men could safely choose to monitor their disease instead of seeking immediate radiation treatment or surgery.

Fast-food calorie labeling unlikely to encourage healthy eating, finds study Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:53 AM PDT Researchers show why fast-food menu calorie counts do not help consumers make healthy choices in a new study.

Do microbes control our mood? Posted: 20 Oct 2016 08:46 AM PDT Our intestine hosts a complex ecosystem of bacteria; we call it the gut microbiota, which includes at least 1000 difference species. We get most of our gut microbes soon after birth, although there is evidence of colonization even during prenatal life. Now new research on gut bacteria may change the way we look at anxiety, depression, and behavioral disorders, say scientists.

Treatment approach used in cancer holds promise for Alzheimer's disease Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:35 AM PDT New Alzheimer's treatment could be delivered as nasal spray, say scientists. Researchers have developed a novel treatment that could block the development of Alzheimer's disease using microscopic droplets of fat to carry drugs into the brain. This treatment approach, which is used to target drugs to cancer cells, has been successfully applied to Alzheimer's disease for the first time, restoring memory loss in mice.

Self-healable battery Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:32 AM PDT Electronics that can be embedded in clothing are a growing trend. However, power sources remain a problem. Scientists have now introduced thin, flexible, lithium ion batteries with self-healing properties that can be safely worn on the body. Even after completely breaking apart, the battery can grow back together without significant impact on its electrochemical properties.

Amazonian frog has its own ant repellent Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:26 AM PDT Special chemicals covering the skin of a tiny yellow-striped Amazonian frog provide a protective shield that wards off leaf-cutting ants allowing it to live comfortably among them. The ants do not bite this frog at all, but will quite aggressively attack all other types of frogs or other animals that cross their path.

Safe new storage method could be key to future of hydrogen-powered vehicles Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:25 AM PDT Hydrogen is often described as the fuel of the future, particularly when applied to hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles. One of the main obstacles facing this technology -- a potential solution to future sustainable transport -- has been the lack of a lightweight, safe on-board hydrogen storage material. A major new discovery has shown that hydrocarbon wax rapidly releases large amounts of hydrogen when activated with catalysts and microwaves.

Long-awaited Hyperloop pod demonstrates magnetic levitation Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:12 AM PDT The whirring sound of Hyperloop UC's hover engines filled the conference room as an anxious crowd shuffled closer for a better view. Would this student-designed prototype actually levitate? The answer came in a matter of moments as the eight miniature engines gained revolutions per minute -- emitting noises reminiscent of Star Wars sound effects -- and the 14-foot-long Hyperloop UC pod achieved roughly a quarter-inch of magnetic levitation.

Offspring from fat fish on deep reefs help keep shallower populations afloat Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:12 AM PDT Populations of coral reef fish in shallower, more vulnerable habitats likely owe at least some of their sustainability to the prodigious reproductive abilities of large, old counterparts that dwell at greater depths, a recent study suggests.

Creating 3-D hands to keep us safe, increase security Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:11 AM PDT Creating a 3-D replica of someone's hand complete with all five fingerprints and breaking into a secure vault sounds like a plot from a James Bond movie. But researchers recently discovered this may not be as far-fetched as once thought and wants security companies and the public to be aware.

Scientists can listen to proteins by turning data into music Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:10 AM PDT Transforming data about the structure of proteins into melodies gives scientists a completely new way of analyzing the molecules that could reveal new insights into how they work -- by listening to them. A new study shows how musical sounds can help scientists analyze data using their ears instead of their eyes.

Strong, steady forces at work during cell division Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:08 AM PDT Biologists who study the mechanics of cell division have for years disagreed about how much force is at work when the cell's molecular engines are lining chromosomes up in the cell, preparing to winch copies to opposite poles across a bridge-like structure called the kinetochore to form two new cells. The question is fundamental to understanding how cells divide, says a cell biologist.

Receding glaciers in Bolivia leave communities at risk Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:08 AM PDT Bolivian glaciers shrunk by 43% between 1986 and 2014, and will continue to diminish if temperatures in the region continue to increase. Glacier recession is leaving lakes that could burst and wash away villages or infrastructure downstream, warns one expert.

Leisure activities, job crafting can make company 'mistfits' more productive Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:07 AM PDT Finding meaning outside of work and proactively tailoring duties on the job may help people who fail to gel with a company's culture stay engaged and become more productive workers, according to researchers.

Music may help make high-intensity interval training viable option for average person Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:06 AM PDT Listening to music may make it easier for people to adopt short duration exercise regimens that could help them stay in shape, according to researchers.

Ultrastructure of a condensed chromosome-like structure in a cyanobacterium Posted: 20 Oct 2016 07:05 AM PDT Eukaryotic cells, including human cells, form paired condensed chromosomes before cell division. The paired chromosomes are then equally divided into the daughter cells. Prokaryotic cells, including bacteria, do not have such a DNA distribution system. Researchers have discovered that the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus shows eukaryotic condensed chromosome-like DNA compaction prior to cell division and were able to reveal details of the transiently formed structure.

Self-assembly of photoresponsive polymer brushes to realize advanced surfaces Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:27 AM PDT A new approach for obtaining functional surfaces consisting of organized polymers has been developed by researchers.

Unexplainable activity in distant stars: New class of explosive events? Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:25 AM PDT Researcher pored through more than 10 years of existing Chandra X-ray Observatory data and found stars that repeatedly survive quick, massive surges in space energy. There are no such instances in our galaxy, as stars are destroyed by similar conditions.

Taking out the cellular 'trash' at the right place and the right time Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:25 AM PDT New insight about how cells dispose of their waste has been discovered by researchers. They show the necessity of a regulation in space and time of a key protein involved in cellular waste disposal. Dysfunctions in the waste disposal system of a cell are linked to cancer and Alzheimer's disease.

Study shows promise to repair the urethra using bone marrow stem cells Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:25 AM PDT A potential new strategy may be utilized to correct hypospadias, a birth defect which occurs when boys are born with a urinary opening on the underside of the penis, found in up to one in every 200 boys. Current treatment involves surgical reconstruction with a graft using tissue taken from the inside of a child's cheek. This approach is associated with multiple complications and sometimes requires repeated surgeries.

To prescribe or not to prescribe? Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT Doctors are more likely to prescribe growth hormones for a child who does not meet federal guidelines for the therapy if the child's family requests it or if the physician believes in its intangible benefits, such as the patient's emotional well-being, new research finds.

Amazon fishery management provides rare 'win-win' chance for conservation and poverty alleviation Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:22 AM PDT A study into freshwater lake management along the Amazon's most meandering river has demonstrated astounding benefits to local livelihoods in replenishing vitally important fish stocks — a source of much-needed food and income.

Exploding smartphones: What's the silent danger lurking in our rechargeable devices? Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:22 AM PDT Dozens of dangerous gases are produced by the batteries found in billions of consumer devices, like smartphones and tablets, according to a new study. The research identified more than 100 toxic gases released by lithium batteries, including carbon monoxide.

170,000 hate crimes go unreported in the UK each year, according to new research Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:22 AM PDT English researchers have developed new hate crimes reporting systems to provide authorities with a clearer picture of the level of abuse in that country.

Light speckles having a conversation Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT The amount of light passing through an opaque layer, can be enhanced using smart techniques. At the same time, the amount of reflected light diminishes, researchers show. It's as if light speckles have a conversation of their own.

Advances made in Alzheimer's research Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT A major advance has been made in Alzheimer's research, say researchers. They showed how a diseased vertebrate brain can naturally react to Alzheimer's pathology by forming more neurons. Two proteins (Interleukin-4 and STAT6) have been identified to be relevant for this process. This is a big step towards the understanding, prevention or even healing of Alzheimer's disease – a disease with about 170,000 new cases diagnosed every year in Germany.

Life on the edge of a habitat is dangerous Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Intensive farming, sprawling towns, a dense road network -- the modern world leaves less and less space for animals and plants. They are forced back into shrinking refuges, which are ever further apart. But not all react equally sensitively. That is even true for members of the same species, as demonstrated by a new study that suggests that animals living on the edge of their range suffer more from the fragmentation of their habitat than their fellows in the center.

Pre-university skills course boosts students' A-level success Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT A course designed to teach sixth form students essential university-level study skills also significantly improves their A-level results, according to research from England.

Flying drones could soon re-charge while airborne with new technology Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Scientists have demonstrated a highly efficient method for wirelessly transferring power to a drone while it is flying. The breakthrough could in theory allow flying drones to stay airborne indefinitely -- simply hovering over a ground support vehicle to recharge -- opening up new potential industrial applications.

Early humans used innovative heating techniques to make stone blades Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Humans living in South Africa in the Middle Stone Age used advanced heating techniques that vastly improved living conditions during the era.

Exchanging sedentariness for low-intensity physical activity can prevent weight gain in children Posted: 20 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT As little as 10 minutes of high-intensity physical activity per day reduces the amount of adipose tissue and enhances cardiorespiratory fitness in 6-8-year-old children, according to a new study. The higher the intensity of physical activity, the stronger the association with the amount of adipose tissue. Exchanging sedentary behavior -- mainly sitting -- for even low-intensity physical activity reduces the amount of adipose tissue. In order for physical activity to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness, the intensity needs to be at least moderate.

Astrophysicists map the Milky Way Posted: 19 Oct 2016 03:50 PM PDT Hydrogen. Atomic number 1. It is the simplest and lightest element on the periodic table, but don't be fooled by its humble appearance. With just a single proton and a single electron, it is the most abundant element in the universe and has fueled star formation for the past 13 billion years. Now scientists have mapped the key ingredient's distribution across the Milky Way, revealing details about our galaxy that have never been seen before.

Marijuana's hidden price: Environmental impact Posted: 19 Oct 2016 02:31 PM PDT A new survey of marijuana grow sites in California demonstrates the potential environmental impact of marijuana farming and provides an example of the survey and analysis needed as farming expands.

All yeasts are not created equal Posted: 19 Oct 2016 02:31 PM PDT The type of yeast in bread is less similar to the type that causes fungal infections than previously thought, new research concludes.

Neighborhoods important factor in risk of stroke for all races Posted: 19 Oct 2016 02:31 PM PDT Those living in more advantaged neighborhoods are less likely to have a stroke than are their counterparts who live in less advantaged neighborhoods, according to a new study.

Curious tilt of the Sun traced to undiscovered planet Posted: 19 Oct 2016 02:30 PM PDT Planet Nine the undiscovered planet at the edge of the solar system appears to be responsible for the unusual tilt of the Sun, according to a new study.

Exercise may help ward off memory decline Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:27 PM PDT Exercise may be associated with a small benefit for elderly people who already have memory and thinking problems, according to new research. The research involved people with vascular cognitive impairment, which is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. In vascular cognitive impairment, problems with memory and thinking skills result from damage to large and small blood vessels in the brain.

First Pluto, now this: Discovery of first binary-binary calls solar system formation into question Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:25 PM PDT Everything we know about the formation of solar systems might be wrong, says two astronomers. They've discovered the first "binary--binary" -- two massive companions around one star in a close binary system, one so-called giant planet and one brown dwarf, or "failed star" The first, called MARVELS-7a, is 12 times the mass of Jupiter, while the second, MARVELS-7b, has 57 times the mass of Jupiter.

Patients with insomnia have altered activity in specific brain regions Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:25 PM PDT Specific brain regions, including those involved in awareness of self and tendency to ruminate, show altered activity in patients with insomnia when compared to good sleepers, according to a new study.

Neu5Gc in red meat and organs may pose a significant health hazard Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:02 PM PDT A non-human sialic acid sugar molecule common in red meat that increases the risk of tumor formation in humans is also prevalent in pig organs, with concentrations increasing as the organs are cooked, a study has found.

Study explains strength gap between graphene, carbon fiber Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:01 PM PDT Carbon fiber, a pillar of strength in materials manufacturing for decades, isn't as good as it could be, but there are ways to improve it, according to scientists. They found the polymer chains that make up a common carbon fiber are prone to misalign during manufacture, a defect the researchers compared with a faulty zipper that weakens the product.

Scientists find new genetic roots of schizophrenia Posted: 19 Oct 2016 01:00 PM PDT Using a recently developed technology for analyzing DNA, scientists have found dozens of genes and two major biological pathways that are likely involved in the development of the disorder but had not been uncovered in previous genetic studies of schizophrenia. The work provides important new information about how schizophrenia originates and points the way to more detailed studies -- and possibly better treatments in the future. Schizophrenia is a chronic, disabling mental illness whose symptoms can include hallucinations, delusions and cognitive problems. The illness afflicts about 1 percent of the human population.

First glimpse of end-of chromosome repair in real time Posted: 19 Oct 2016 12:59 PM PDT Maintaining the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, allows cells to continuously divide and achieve immortality. In a new study, researchers have developed a first-of-its- kind system to observe repair to broken DNA in newly synthesized telomeres, an effort which has implications for designing new cancer drugs.

African clawed frog genome contains two full sets of chromosomes from 2 two extinct ancestors Posted: 19 Oct 2016 12:55 PM PDT Millions of years ago, one species of frog diverged into two species. Millions of years later, the two frogs became one again, but with a few extra chromosomes due to whole genome duplication. Such is the curious case of the African clawed frog, a frog whose genome contains nearly double the number of chromosomes as the related Western clawed frog.

Monkeys are seen making stone flakes so humans are 'not unique' after all Posted: 19 Oct 2016 12:48 PM PDT Researchers have observed wild-bearded capuchin monkeys in Brazil deliberately break stones, unintentionally creating flakes that share many of the characteristics of those produced by early Stone Age hominins. The difference is that the capuchins' flakes are not intentional tools for cutting and scraping, but seem to be the by-product of hammering or 'percussive behavior' that the monkeys engage in to extract minerals or lichen from the stones.

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