الخميس، 24 نوفمبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Researchers put mouse embryos in suspended animation

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:34 AM PST

Researchers have found a way to pause the development of early mouse embryos for up to a month in the lab, a finding with potential implications for assisted reproduction, regenerative medicine, aging and even cancer, the authors say.

Colorful clones: Researchers track development, behavior of individual blood stem cells

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:25 AM PST

Researchers have used a colorful, cell-labeling technique to track the development of the blood system and trace the lineage of adult blood cells traveling through the vast networks of veins, arteries, and capillaries back to their parent stem cell in the marrow. Their findings contribute to the understanding of blood development as well as blood diseases.

Soft, microfluidic 'lab on the skin' developed for sweat analysis

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:23 AM PST

A research team has developed a first-of-its-kind soft, flexible microfluidic device that easily adheres to the skin and measures the wearer's sweat to show how his or her body is responding to exercise.

Diet quality low but steadily improving among US kids

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:23 AM PST

On the whole, the diet of U.S. children improved markedly between 1999 and 2012 but it remains poor, said the authors of a new study that examined diet quality data from more than 38,000 kids. Moreover, disparities remain among key subgroups.

Link between surgery and Guillain-Barré syndrome discovered

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:20 AM PST

Having surgery may be linked to developing Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) for people with cancer or autoimmune disorders, new research suggests. The study showed that 15 percent of those who developed the syndrome had a surgical procedure within two months prior to developing the disease.

Going beyond genetics yields clues to challenging childhood brain cancer

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:19 AM PST

Changes in the epigenetics suggest a prognostic marker for childhood ependymomas and similarities with DIPG tumors, report scientists.

Major finding identifies nitrogen as key driver for gut health

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:14 AM PST

Scientists are one step closer to understanding the link between different diet strategies and gut health, with new research presenting the first general principles for how diet impacts the microbiota.

Cancer signaling pathway could illuminate new avenue to therapy

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:02 AM PST

Researchers have better defined a pro-growth signaling pathway common to many cancers that, when blocked, kills cancer cells but leaves healthy cells comparatively unharmed. The study could establish new avenues of therapeutic treatments for many types of solid tumors.  

Low-dose chemotherapy regimens could prevent tumor recurrence in types of breast cancer, pancreatic cancer

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:44 AM PST

Conventional, high-dose chemotherapy treatments can cause the fibroblast cells surrounding tumors to secrete proteins that promote the tumors' recurrence in more aggressive forms, researchers have discovered. Frequent, low-dose chemotherapy regimens avoid this effect and may therefore be more effective at treating certain types of breast and pancreatic cancer, according to a new study.

Medicare beneficiaries face high out-of-pocket costs for cancer treatment

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:44 AM PST

Beneficiaries of Medicare who develop cancer and don't have supplemental health insurance incur out-of-pocket expenditures for their treatments averaging one-quarter of their income with some paying as high as 63 percent, according to results of a survey-based study.

Gut's microbial community shown to influence host gene expression

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:42 AM PST

New research is helping to tease out the mechanics of how the gut microbiome communicates with the cells of its host to switch genes on and off. The upshot of the study, another indictment of the so-called Western diet (high in saturated fats, sugar and red meat), reveals how the metabolites produced by the bacteria in the stomach chemically communicate with cells, including cells far beyond the colon, to dictate gene expression and health in its host.

Stuttering related to brain circuits that control speech production

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:42 AM PST

Researchers have conducted the first study of its kind, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to look at brain regions in both adults and children who stutter.

Scientists develop vaccine against fatal prescription opioid overdose

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:41 AM PST

Scientists have developed a vaccine that blocks the pain-numbing effects of the opioid drugs oxycodone (oxy) and hydrocodone (hydro) in animal models. The vaccine also appears to decrease the risk of fatal opioid overdose, a growing cause of death in the United States.

Scientists discover neuron-producing stem cells in the membranes covering the brain

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:41 AM PST

Unexpected cells have been found in the protective membranes that enclose the brain, the so called meninges. These 'neural progenitors' -- or stem cells that differentiate into different kinds of neurons -- are produced during embryonic development. These findings show that the neural progenitors found in the meninges produce new neurons after birth -- highlighting the importance of meningeal tissue as well as these cells' potential in the development of new therapies for brain damage or neurodegeneration.

Stop playing seek-and-hide with latent HIV

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:13 AM PST

A group of researchers has developed a new technology that sheds light on the HIV infection and will boost the research for drug development. The research shows that the response of latent HIV to reactivation therapies partly depends on the integration site in the human genome.

Molecular chameleons reveal bacterial biofilms

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:09 AM PST

Molecules that change color can be used to follow in real-time how bacteria form a protective biofilm around themselves. This new method may in the future become significant both in medical care and the food industry, where bacterial biofilms are a problem.

DNA influences selection of partners for educational achievement

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:09 AM PST

People with genes for high educational achievement tend to marry, and have children with, people with similar DNA, new research shows.

Bright red fluorescent protein created

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PST

After years of trying, biologists have succeeded in creating an extremely bright red fluorescent protein in the lab. This is good news for researchers, including cancer and stem cell researchers, who use fluorescent proteins to track essential cellular processes.

Benzodiazepine, related drug use increases hip fractures in persons with Alzheimer's disease

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PST

The use of benzodiazepines and related drugs increases the risk of hip fracture by 43% in persons with Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study. The hip fracture risk was investigated in community-dwelling Finnish persons with Alzheimer's disease.

Researchers discover novel mechanism to stop the spread of breast cancer

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:06 AM PST

Controlling the levels of the TIP60 protein, which is a tumor suppressor, could potentially prevent the spread of breast cancer cells, a team of has found.

Precise nerve stimulation via electrode implants offers new hope for paralysis patients

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 04:34 PM PST

Patients with spinal cord injuries might one day regain use of paralyzed arms and legs thanks to research that demonstrates how limbs can be controlled via a tiny array of implanted electrodes.

Yogic breathing helps fight major depression, study shows

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 03:23 PM PST

A breathing-based meditation practice known as Sudarshan Kriya yoga helped alleviate severe depression in people who did not fully respond to antidepressant treatments, reports a new study.

Five fast facts about norovirus

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 09:35 AM PST

Cruise ships, nursing homes, and daycare centers are common breeding grounds for norovirus, a contagious stomach bug that infects 685 million people around the world each year. Despite its prevalence, norovirus -- which has no specific treatment and is particularly dangerous in infants and the elderly -- has received surprisingly little attention from researchers. Viral shedding can occur for up to a few months in healthy individuals.

Diabetes proves deadly for smokers

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 09:34 AM PST

While it is well known that smoking causes lung cancer, heavy smokers with diabetes are also at increased risk of death from causes other than lung cancer, according to a new study.

More insight into Zika effects

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 09:33 AM PST

Three new studies recently reported on the effects of the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil.

Researchers uncover a survival mechanism in cancer cells

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 08:10 AM PST

Scientists have discovered a protein that plays a key role in turning cancer tumor cells into cancer stem cells. The researchers note that this mechanism is the one by which cancer tumor cells can sustain long-term growth.

New mouse model reveals extensive postnatal brain damage caused by Zika infection

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 06:27 AM PST

A team of scientists has developed a new mouse model that closely mimics fetal brain abnormalities caused by the Zika virus in humans.

New system to detect spinal deformity

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 05:09 AM PST

Researchers have developed a symmetry-recognition system for the surface of the human back that can three-dimensionally detect the early stages of idiopathic scoliosis, a type of spinal deformity, without the help of a specialist doctor.

Researchers demonstrate ability of machine-learning algorithms in echocardiographic interpretation and diagnosis of HCM

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 05:08 AM PST

Computer algorithms can automatically interpret echocardiographic images and distinguish between pathological hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and physiological changes in athletes' hearts, according to research.

Hypertension, prehypertension underdiagnosed and undertreated in US children

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 05:07 AM PST

Hypertension and prehypertension in children often go undiagnosed, according to a new study. The study focused on children with abnormal blood pressures across the United States, and is the first to show a widespread underdiagnosis of these conditions by pediatricians in children ages 3 to 18.

Study finds cause of pulmonary fibrosis in failure of stem cells that repair lungs

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 05:07 AM PST

A major cause of pulmonary fibrosis, a mysterious and deadly disease that scars the lungs and obstructs breathing, has now been pinpointed by scientists. The disease, which has no known cure, appears to result from the failure of special lung stem cells that help airways recover from injury, the investigators report.

Computer modeling could lead to new method for detecting, managing prostate cancer

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 05:07 AM PST

A new study may lead to a more accurate system for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of prostate cancer. It's a promising development given prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide, responsible for 308,000 deaths in 2012 and estimated to take 26,120 lives in the U.S. alone in 2016.

Diet and exercise can improve kidney function in patients with fatty liver disease

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 05:04 AM PST

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a potentially serious liver condition characterized by excess fat in the liver associated with inflammation and scarring. NASH may progress to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer, and it can also compromise kidney function. In a post hoc analysis of a large clinical trial, patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH who consumed a low-fat/low-calorie diet and participated in an exercise program often experienced reduced liver inflammation and scarring.

Research reveals insight into how lung cancer spreads

Posted: 21 Nov 2016 05:41 PM PST

A cellular component known as the Golgi apparatus may play a role in how lung cancer metastasizes, according to researchers.

Unique structure of brain blood vessel amyloid latest clue to Alzheimer's development?

Posted: 21 Nov 2016 05:41 PM PST

A team of neuroscience and biochemistry researchers has made a novel discovery that illustrates for the first time the difference between amyloid buildup in brain blood vessels and amyloid buildup around brain neurons.

Prevalence of Ph-like ALL in adults underscores need for genetic testing, clinical trials

Posted: 21 Nov 2016 05:39 PM PST

A high-risk subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) first identified in children is highly prevalent in adults with ALL and is associated with a poor outcome, according to a new study. The findings suggest that affected patients may benefit from treatment with available medications.

Obesity in adolescence may cause permanent bone loss

Posted: 21 Nov 2016 03:04 PM PST

Teenagers who are obese may be doing irreparable damage to their bones, according to a new study.

Realistic 3-D immersive visualization of unborn babies

Posted: 21 Nov 2016 03:03 PM PST

Parents may soon be able to watch their unborn babies grow in realistic 3-D immersive visualizations, thanks to new technology that transforms MRI and ultrasound data into a 3-D virtual reality model of a fetus.
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