الخميس، 24 نوفمبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Top News

ScienceDaily: Top News

Students have trouble judging the credibility of information online, researchers find

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:52 AM PST

Education scholars say youth are duped by sponsored content and don't always recognize political bias of social messages.

Huge reduction in African dust plume impacted climate 11,000 years ago

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:36 AM PST

Scientists have discovered a huge reduction in an African dust plume that led to more Saharan monsoons 11,000 years ago, suggests a new report.

Nylon fibers made to flex like muscles

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:35 AM PST

Engineers have found a simple and inexpensive new approach to creating bending artificial muscle fibers. Artificial muscles -- materials that contract and expand somewhat like muscle fibers do -- can have many applications, from robotics to components in the automobile and aviation industries.

Researchers put mouse embryos in suspended animation

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:34 AM PST

Researchers have found a way to pause the development of early mouse embryos for up to a month in the lab, a finding with potential implications for assisted reproduction, regenerative medicine, aging and even cancer, the authors say.

Scientists create first intermetallic double salt with platinum

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:26 AM PST

Scientists report that they have created the first intermetallic double salt with platinum. Cesium platinide hydride, or 4Cs2Pt?CsH, forms a translucent ruby red crystal and can exist only in an inert environment similar to conditions that exist in outer space. It's a new member of a rare family of compounds in which a metal forms a truly negatively charged ion.

Colorful clones: Researchers track development, behavior of individual blood stem cells

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:25 AM PST

Researchers have used a colorful, cell-labeling technique to track the development of the blood system and trace the lineage of adult blood cells traveling through the vast networks of veins, arteries, and capillaries back to their parent stem cell in the marrow. Their findings contribute to the understanding of blood development as well as blood diseases.

Uncovering the secrets of friction on graphene

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:24 AM PST

Graphene has been the subject of widespread research, in large part because of its unique combination of strength, electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. But despite many years of study, some of graphene's fundamental properties are still not well-understood. Now, using powerful computer simulations, researchers have made significant strides in understanding that process.

Soft, microfluidic 'lab on the skin' developed for sweat analysis

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:23 AM PST

A research team has developed a first-of-its-kind soft, flexible microfluidic device that easily adheres to the skin and measures the wearer's sweat to show how his or her body is responding to exercise.

Diet quality low but steadily improving among US kids

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:23 AM PST

On the whole, the diet of U.S. children improved markedly between 1999 and 2012 but it remains poor, said the authors of a new study that examined diet quality data from more than 38,000 kids. Moreover, disparities remain among key subgroups.

Link between surgery and Guillain-Barré syndrome discovered

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:20 AM PST

Having surgery may be linked to developing Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) for people with cancer or autoimmune disorders, new research suggests. The study showed that 15 percent of those who developed the syndrome had a surgical procedure within two months prior to developing the disease.

Going beyond genetics yields clues to challenging childhood brain cancer

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:19 AM PST

Changes in the epigenetics suggest a prognostic marker for childhood ependymomas and similarities with DIPG tumors, report scientists.

Your dog remembers what you did

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:15 AM PST

People have a remarkable ability to remember and recall events from the past, even when those events didn't hold any particular importance at the time they occurred. Now, researchers have evidence that dogs have that kind of "episodic memory" too.

Coconut crab claws pinch with the strongest force of any crustacean

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:15 AM PST

The claws of coconut crabs have the strongest pinching force of any crustacean, according to a new study.

Major finding identifies nitrogen as key driver for gut health

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:14 AM PST

Scientists are one step closer to understanding the link between different diet strategies and gut health, with new research presenting the first general principles for how diet impacts the microbiota.

Cancer signaling pathway could illuminate new avenue to therapy

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:02 AM PST

Researchers have better defined a pro-growth signaling pathway common to many cancers that, when blocked, kills cancer cells but leaves healthy cells comparatively unharmed. The study could establish new avenues of therapeutic treatments for many types of solid tumors.  

Thinning, retreat of West Antarctic Glacier began in 1940s

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:02 AM PST

The present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s, new research by an international team shows.

Just add water: New discovery in plant-disease mechanism

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 11:02 AM PST

Too much rain, coupled with prolonged high levels of humidity, can result in more plant disease, new research indicates.

Low-dose chemotherapy regimens could prevent tumor recurrence in types of breast cancer, pancreatic cancer

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:44 AM PST

Conventional, high-dose chemotherapy treatments can cause the fibroblast cells surrounding tumors to secrete proteins that promote the tumors' recurrence in more aggressive forms, researchers have discovered. Frequent, low-dose chemotherapy regimens avoid this effect and may therefore be more effective at treating certain types of breast and pancreatic cancer, according to a new study.

Hurricane risk to northeast USA coast increasing, research warns

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:44 AM PST

The Northeastern coast of the USA could be struck by more frequent and more powerful hurricanes in the future due to shifting weather patterns, according to new research.

Medicare beneficiaries face high out-of-pocket costs for cancer treatment

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:44 AM PST

Beneficiaries of Medicare who develop cancer and don't have supplemental health insurance incur out-of-pocket expenditures for their treatments averaging one-quarter of their income with some paying as high as 63 percent, according to results of a survey-based study.

Gut's microbial community shown to influence host gene expression

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:42 AM PST

New research is helping to tease out the mechanics of how the gut microbiome communicates with the cells of its host to switch genes on and off. The upshot of the study, another indictment of the so-called Western diet (high in saturated fats, sugar and red meat), reveals how the metabolites produced by the bacteria in the stomach chemically communicate with cells, including cells far beyond the colon, to dictate gene expression and health in its host.

Stuttering related to brain circuits that control speech production

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:42 AM PST

Researchers have conducted the first study of its kind, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to look at brain regions in both adults and children who stutter.

Scientists develop vaccine against fatal prescription opioid overdose

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:41 AM PST

Scientists have developed a vaccine that blocks the pain-numbing effects of the opioid drugs oxycodone (oxy) and hydrocodone (hydro) in animal models. The vaccine also appears to decrease the risk of fatal opioid overdose, a growing cause of death in the United States.

Scientists discover neuron-producing stem cells in the membranes covering the brain

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 09:41 AM PST

Unexpected cells have been found in the protective membranes that enclose the brain, the so called meninges. These 'neural progenitors' -- or stem cells that differentiate into different kinds of neurons -- are produced during embryonic development. These findings show that the neural progenitors found in the meninges produce new neurons after birth -- highlighting the importance of meningeal tissue as well as these cells' potential in the development of new therapies for brain damage or neurodegeneration.

Emergence of winter moths has scientist worried about another spring of defoliation

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:14 AM PST

Winter moths are creating a nuisance and laying eggs that may lead to another spring of defoliated and dying trees, report investigators.

Single enzyme controls two plant hormones

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:14 AM PST

Scientists have isolated an enzyme that controls the levels of two plant hormones simultaneously, linking the molecular pathways for growth and defense. Similar to animals, plants have evolved small molecules called hormones to control key events such as growth, reproduction and responses to infections.

Scientists trace 'poisoning' in chemical reactions to the atomic scale

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:14 AM PST

A combination of experiments, including X-ray studies have revealed new details about pesky deposits that can stop chemical reactions vital to fuel production and other processes.

Hopping to the Frontier: Following a frog's evolutionary movements

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:13 AM PST

A common species of Asian tree frog may actually be two separate species according to new genetic data collected by an international group of scientists. If the two groups of frogs are confirmed to be different species, assigning their scientific names may require searching historical records of foreign explorers in Japan during the 1800s.

Genomics reveals Hen Harrier is two distinct species

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:13 AM PST

Genomics reveals that the Hen Harrier has two distinct evolutionary lineages. Deemed as one species spread across different continents, scientists now confirm that the Eurasian Hen Harrier and the American Northern Harrier are in fact two distinct species.

Stop playing seek-and-hide with latent HIV

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:13 AM PST

A group of researchers has developed a new technology that sheds light on the HIV infection and will boost the research for drug development. The research shows that the response of latent HIV to reactivation therapies partly depends on the integration site in the human genome.

Molecular chameleons reveal bacterial biofilms

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:09 AM PST

Molecules that change color can be used to follow in real-time how bacteria form a protective biofilm around themselves. This new method may in the future become significant both in medical care and the food industry, where bacterial biofilms are a problem.

DNA influences selection of partners for educational achievement

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:09 AM PST

People with genes for high educational achievement tend to marry, and have children with, people with similar DNA, new research shows.

Why fish send red signals in the deep blue sea

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:08 AM PST

The colorful world of the coral reef is fascinating -- yet much of the color only comes up when flash photography is used. Now biologists have discovered the many meanings of fluorescence where colors fade.

Bright red fluorescent protein created

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PST

After years of trying, biologists have succeeded in creating an extremely bright red fluorescent protein in the lab. This is good news for researchers, including cancer and stem cell researchers, who use fluorescent proteins to track essential cellular processes.

New quantum states for better quantum memories

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PST

How can quantum information be stored as long as possible? An important step forward in the development of quantum memories has been achieved by a research team.

Team develops thin foam that keeps vehicles, buildings cooler, quieter

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PST

A new material that will make vehicles and buildings cooler and quieter compared to current insulation materials in the market has now been developed by researchers. Known as aerogel composites, this new foam insulates against heat 2.6 times better than conventional insulation foam.

Benzodiazepine, related drug use increases hip fractures in persons with Alzheimer's disease

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:07 AM PST

The use of benzodiazepines and related drugs increases the risk of hip fracture by 43% in persons with Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study. The hip fracture risk was investigated in community-dwelling Finnish persons with Alzheimer's disease.

Researchers discover novel mechanism to stop the spread of breast cancer

Posted: 23 Nov 2016 06:06 AM PST

Controlling the levels of the TIP60 protein, which is a tumor suppressor, could potentially prevent the spread of breast cancer cells, a team of has found.

Feast without fear: Scientist says more snake species resist toxin

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 04:35 PM PST

Larger number of snakes than previously thought has mutation that protects them from toad toxin, even if they don't eat toads, a research team reports.

Precise nerve stimulation via electrode implants offers new hope for paralysis patients

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 04:34 PM PST

Patients with spinal cord injuries might one day regain use of paralyzed arms and legs thanks to research that demonstrates how limbs can be controlled via a tiny array of implanted electrodes.

Poisonous amphibian defenses are linked to higher extinction risk

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 04:29 PM PST

Amphibians which have a toxic defense against predators -- such as the iconic poison dart frogs -- have a much higher risk of extinction than species which use other types of defense mechanisms, research shows. The key finding of this study is that poisonous species are 60% more likely to be threatened than species without chemical defenses.

Oceans act as a 'heat sink': No global warming ‘hiatus’

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 03:24 PM PST

The so-called global warming "hiatus" phenomenon -- the possible temporary slowdown of the global mean surface temperature (GMST) trend said to have occurred from 1998 to 2013 -- simply represents a redistribution of energy within Earth system, which includes the land, atmosphere and the ocean. New research points to the prominent role global ocean played in absorbing extra heat from the atmosphere by acting as a "heat sink" as an explanation for the observed decrease in a key indicator of climate change.

Yogic breathing helps fight major depression, study shows

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 03:23 PM PST

A breathing-based meditation practice known as Sudarshan Kriya yoga helped alleviate severe depression in people who did not fully respond to antidepressant treatments, reports a new study.

Researchers propose an explanation for the mysterious onset of a universal process

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 03:23 PM PST

A new article describes the physics behind fast magnetic reconnection. Magnetic reconnection takes place when the magnetic field lines embedded in a plasma -- the hot, charged gas that makes up 99 percent of the visible universe -- converge, break apart and explosively reconnect. This process takes place in thin sheets in which electric current is strongly concentrated.

Mood ring materials: New way to detect damage in failing infrastructure

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 02:48 PM PST

"Mood ring materials" constitute a new type of smart sensing technology that could play an important role in minimizing and mitigating damage to the nation's failing infrastructure, say investigators.

New research could make ethanol production more efficient and economic

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 02:46 PM PST

The enzymes needed to convert corn starch to glucose fermented to ethanol by yeast can now be found in new corn and 'superior yeast,' reducing the total enzyme addition by more than 80 percent, say researchers.

Black-white earnings gap returns to 1950 levels

Posted: 22 Nov 2016 09:41 AM PST

After decades of progress, the earnings gap between black and white men is back at 1950 levels, say authors of a new report. The earnings gap between black and white men narrowed during the civil rights era. Then, starting around 1970, the gap between black and white men's wages started widening once again, they say.
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