ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Role of taxane-based chemotherapy drugs may be underestimated, especially against prostate cancer, study suggests
• Thalidomide relieves disabling cough and improves quality of life for people with deadly lung disease: study
• Resuming warfarin after gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with lower risk for thrombosis, death
• Study compares duodenal switch vs. gastric bypass for morbid obesity
• Hope on the horizon for asthma sufferers
• Risk of developing diabetes higher in neighborhoods that aren't walk-friendly
• Vitamin E may decrease cancer risk in Cowden syndrome patients
• Cystic fibrosis disrupts pancreas two ways in CF-related diabetes
• Study links breast cancer risk to early-life diet and metabolic syndrome
• 'Blue Brain' project accurately predicts connections between neurons
• New enzyme to fight Alzheimer's disease identified
• Most extensive pictures ever of an organism's DNA mutation processes
• Cause of chemotherapy resistance in melanoma found
• About half of adults say schools should take action when kids bully with social isolation
• Improving memory for specific events can alleviate symptoms of depression
• Prenatal damage from dioxin shown to involve microRNAs
• First 3-D model of a protein critical to embryo development
• Further steps needed to reduce stigma and expand access to substance abuse screening and care in U.S. Armed Forces
• Researchers call for early diagnosis of flesh-eating infections
• Back to school: Is higher education making you fat?
• Toxic protein build-up in blood shines light on fatal brain disease
• Adequate sleep helps weight loss
• No increased risk of cancer for people with shingles, new study finds
• Cervical cancer and pre-cancer cervical growths require single HPV protein
• Roles of novel epigenetic chemical in the brain illuminated
• Young researcher on the trail of herbal snakebite antidote
• Mechanism that leads to diabetes, blindness, identified
• Eating well during pregnancy reduces baby's obesity risk regardless of mom's size
• Scientists bid to develop anthrax vaccine to counteract world bioterrorism threat
• Added benefit of Cannabis sativa for spasticity due to multiple sclerosis is not proven, experts say
• At the right place at the right time: New insights into muscle stem cells
• Scientists reveal how natural antibiotic kills tuberculosis bacterium
• Cancer now leading cause of death in US Hispanics
• Sound level around seriously ill patients 'like a busy road'
• Simple test to predict if pregnant women will give birth prematurely
• Drug combination against NRSA-mutant melanoma discovered
• Attractive names sustain increased vegetable intake in schools
• Gap found in treatment of sexually transmitted diseases among teens
• Kidney stone sufferers 'double in a generation'
• Only children are significantly more likely to be overweight, European study finds
• Considerably more patients may benefit from effective antidiabetic drug, study suggests
• Hospital design affects patient care
• Behavior issues are a bigger headache for children with migraines, research reveals
• Mobile phones and wireless networks: No evidence of health risk found, Norwegian experts find
• Researchers' novel use of nanoparticles target non-invasive treatment for deep cancer
• PARP inhibitors may have clinical utility in HER2-positive breast cancers
• New insights on cell competition

Role of taxane-based chemotherapy drugs may be underestimated, especially against prostate cancer, study suggests Posted: 17 Sep 2012 02:29 PM PDT The power of taxane-based chemotherapy drugs are misunderstood and potentially underestimated, according to researchers. Most physicians and investigators believe that taxane chemotherapy (paclitaxel, docetaxel and cabazitaxel) just does one thing -- stop a cancer cell from dividing -- but the team of scientists has revealed it acts much more powerfully and broadly, especially against prostate cancer.

Thalidomide relieves disabling cough and improves quality of life for people with deadly lung disease: study Posted: 17 Sep 2012 02:29 PM PDT In the first clinical trial to demonstrate an effective treatment for constant, disabling cough among people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), researchers found that taking thalidomide significantly reduced the cough and improved quality of life.

Resuming warfarin after gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with lower risk for thrombosis, death Posted: 17 Sep 2012 01:14 PM PDT A study of patients treated with the anticoagulant medication warfarin suggests that resuming warfarin therapy after an episode of gastrointestinal tract bleeding was associated with lower risk for thrombosis and death.

Study compares duodenal switch vs. gastric bypass for morbid obesity Posted: 17 Sep 2012 01:14 PM PDT A study comparing bariatric surgical procedures for obesity suggests that even though undergoing the less commonly used biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch (DS) may be associated with higher early risks compared with gastric bypass, the DS appears to achieve better weight loss and control of co-existing illnesses, especially among patients whose body mass index was more than 50.

Hope on the horizon for asthma sufferers Posted: 17 Sep 2012 01:11 PM PDT A new study that identifies ways to reduce the factors that lead to an asthma attack gives hope to asthma sufferers. Researchers believe they have found a way to help asthma sufferers by impeding the two most significant biological responses that lead to an asthma attack.

Risk of developing diabetes higher in neighborhoods that aren't walk-friendly Posted: 17 Sep 2012 12:21 PM PDT Whether your neighborhood is conducive to walking could determine your risk for developing diabetes, according to a new study.

Vitamin E may decrease cancer risk in Cowden syndrome patients Posted: 17 Sep 2012 12:21 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that vitamin E may prevent cancer in patients with an under-recognized genetic disorder.

Cystic fibrosis disrupts pancreas two ways in CF-related diabetes Posted: 17 Sep 2012 12:20 PM PDT A new study suggests there are two root causes of a type of diabetes associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). The findings, which already have sparked a clinical trial, may guide development of new treatments or even help prevent diabetes in patients with CF.

Study links breast cancer risk to early-life diet and metabolic syndrome Posted: 17 Sep 2012 12:20 PM PDT Striking new evidence suggesting that diet and related factors early in life can boost the risk for breast cancer -- totally independent of the body's production of the hormone estrogen -- has been uncovered by a team of researchers. The findings provide new insights into the processes that regulate normal breast development and the impact those processes may have on the risk of developing breast cancer later in life.

'Blue Brain' project accurately predicts connections between neurons Posted: 17 Sep 2012 12:20 PM PDT Scientists have identified key principles that determine synapse-scale connectivity by virtually reconstructing a cortical microcircuit and comparing it to a mammalian sample. These principles now make it possible to predict the locations of synapses in the neocortex.

New enzyme to fight Alzheimer's disease identified Posted: 17 Sep 2012 12:17 PM PDT An enzyme could represent a powerful new tool for combating Alzheimer's disease.

Most extensive pictures ever of an organism's DNA mutation processes Posted: 17 Sep 2012 12:17 PM PDT Biologists and informaticists have produced one of the most extensive pictures ever of mutation processes in the DNA sequence of an organism, elucidating important new evolutionary information about the molecular nature of mutations and how fast those heritable changes occur.

Cause of chemotherapy resistance in melanoma found Posted: 17 Sep 2012 10:23 AM PDT Researchers have identified a major reason why melanoma is largely resistant to chemotherapy. They found a genetic pathway in melanoma cells that inhibits the cellular mechanism for detecting DNA damage wrought by chemotherapy, thereby building up tolerance to cancer-killing drugs.

About half of adults say schools should take action when kids bully with social isolation Posted: 17 Sep 2012 10:23 AM PDT Most adults say schools should take action when bullies threaten physical safety or embarrass others, according to a new poll.

Improving memory for specific events can alleviate symptoms of depression Posted: 17 Sep 2012 10:23 AM PDT Hear the word "party" and memories of the big bash you attended last New Year's may rush to mind. But it's exactly these kinds of memories, embedded in a specific place and time, that people with depression have difficulty recalling. In a new study, researchers investigated whether a training program might improve people's memory for past events and ameliorate their symptoms of depression.

Prenatal damage from dioxin shown to involve microRNAs Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:43 AM PDT New research has identified novel mechanisms through which dioxin can alter physiological functions.

First 3-D model of a protein critical to embryo development Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:42 AM PDT Researchers have constructed the first detailed and complete picture of a protein complex that is tied to human birth defects as well as the progression of many forms of cancer. Knowing the architecture of this protein, PRC2, should be a boon to its future use in the development of new and improved therapeutic drugs.

Further steps needed to reduce stigma and expand access to substance abuse screening and care in U.S. Armed Forces Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:42 AM PDT Outdated approaches to preventing and treating substance abuse, barriers to care, and other problems hinder the U.S. Defense Department's ability to curb substance use disorders among military service members and their families.

Researchers call for early diagnosis of flesh-eating infections Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:42 AM PDT Researchers stress that orthopedists should have a high index of suspicion for necrotizing fasciitis, or flesh-eating bacterial infection, in every patient with pain or other symptoms that are out of proportion to the initial diagnosis.

Back to school: Is higher education making you fat? Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:39 AM PDT A new study looks beyond the much-feared weight gain common to first-year students and reports on the full 4-year impact of higher education on weight, BMI, and body composition.

Toxic protein build-up in blood shines light on fatal brain disease Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:39 AM PDT A new light-based technique for measuring levels of the toxic protein that causes Huntington's disease (HD) has been used to demonstrate that the protein builds up gradually in blood cells. The findings shed light on how the protein causes damage in the brain, and could be useful for monitoring the progression of HD, or testing new drugs aimed at suppressing production of the harmful protein.

Adequate sleep helps weight loss Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:39 AM PDT Adequate sleep is an important part of a weight loss plan and should be added to the recommended mix of diet and exercise, states an expert.

No increased risk of cancer for people with shingles, new study finds Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:39 AM PDT Herpes zoster, or shingles, does not increase the risk of cancer in the general population, according to a new study.

Cervical cancer and pre-cancer cervical growths require single HPV protein Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:38 AM PDT Human papillomavirus (HPV) has long been implicated in cervical cancer, but details of how it happens have remained a mystery. Now researchers have found that a single HPV protein is required for cervical cancer and even pre-cancer growths in the cervix to survive.

Roles of novel epigenetic chemical in the brain illuminated Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:38 AM PDT Researchers have identified a new role of a chemical involved in controlling the genes underlying memory and learning.

Young researcher on the trail of herbal snakebite antidote Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:38 AM PDT A Ph.D. student has drawn on nature's own pharmacy to help improve the treatment of snakebites in Africa.

Mechanism that leads to diabetes, blindness, identified Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:38 AM PDT The rare disorder Wolfram syndrome is caused by mutations in a single gene, but its effects on the body are far reaching. Now, researchers report that they have identified a mechanism that affects both insulin-secreting cells and neurons. The finding will aid in the understanding of Wolfram syndrome and also may be important in the treatment of milder forms of diabetes and other disorders.

Eating well during pregnancy reduces baby's obesity risk regardless of mom's size Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:38 AM PDT If you are overweight and pregnant, your baby isn't destined to become obese, according to a research report. The report shows that modifying fat intake during pregnancy to a moderate level benefits the child regardless of the mother's size. Specifically, they found that the protein "SIRT1" rewrites a developing fetus' histone code, which affects his or her "epigenetic likelihood" of being overweight throughout his or her lifetime.

Scientists bid to develop anthrax vaccine to counteract world bioterrorism threat Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:34 AM PDT A team of scientists is leading new research to develop a vaccine against anthrax to help counteract the threat of bioterrorism.

Added benefit of Cannabis sativa for spasticity due to multiple sclerosis is not proven, experts say Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:34 AM PDT An extract from Cannabis sativa was approved in Germany in May 2011 for patients suffering from moderate to severe muscle spasms due to multiple sclerosis. Since the manufacturer chose a different appropriate comparator therapy, no proof of added benefit of Cannabis sativa can be derived from the manufacturer's dossier. This is the conclusion of a new assessment.

At the right place at the right time: New insights into muscle stem cells Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:31 AM PDT Muscles have a pool of stem cells in special niches which provides a source for muscle growth and for the regeneration of injured muscles. Researchers have elucidated how these stem cells colonize these niches. They also show that the stem cells weaken when, due to a mutation, they locate outside of the muscle fibers.

Scientists reveal how natural antibiotic kills tuberculosis bacterium Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:31 AM PDT A natural product secreted by a soil bacterium shows promise as a new drug to treat tuberculosis report scientists. Scientists have shown how pyridomycin, a natural antibiotic produced by the bacterium Dactylosporangium fulvum, works. This promising drug candidate is active against many of the drug-resistant types of the tuberculosis bacterium that no longer respond to treatment with the front-line drug isoniazid.

Cancer now leading cause of death in US Hispanics Posted: 17 Sep 2012 09:31 AM PDT A new report from American Cancer Society researchers finds that despite declining death rates, cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among Hispanics in the US.

Sound level around seriously ill patients 'like a busy road' Posted: 17 Sep 2012 08:10 AM PDT Seriously ill patients in intensive care units are being cared for in environments with sound levels more than 20 dB higher than the WHO's recommendations.

Simple test to predict if pregnant women will give birth prematurely Posted: 17 Sep 2012 08:10 AM PDT Babies born early run a greater risk of serious complications. Researchers have now developed a method to predict if pregnant women with preterm contractions will give birth within seven days. The method offers new possibilities to delay delivery and prepare care for the premature baby.

Drug combination against NRSA-mutant melanoma discovered Posted: 17 Sep 2012 08:10 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a novel drug combination aimed at a subset of melanoma patients who currently have no effective therapeutic options. About one-fourth of melanoma patients have NRAS-mutant tumors. For the first time, this study provides new hope for these patients that an effective targeted treatment might be developed by combining Mek and Cdk4 inhibitors.

Attractive names sustain increased vegetable intake in schools Posted: 17 Sep 2012 06:02 AM PDT The age-old parental struggle of convincing youngsters to eat their fruits and vegetables has some new allies: Power Punch Broccoli, X-Ray Vision Carrots -- and a host of catchy names for entrees in school cafeterias. Researchers studied how a simple change, such as using attractive names, would influence elementary-aged children's consumption of vegetables. This research suggests that schools have a low-cost or even no-cost solution to induce children to consume more nutritious foods.

Gap found in treatment of sexually transmitted diseases among teens Posted: 17 Sep 2012 06:02 AM PDT California's pediatricians-in-training are not adequately educated about the methods to prevent recurrent sexually transmitted infections in teenagers. That's the conclusion of a study examining pediatric residents' knowledge of laws governing treatment of their patients' sexual partners.

Kidney stone sufferers 'double in a generation' Posted: 17 Sep 2012 06:00 AM PDT Stones in the kidney and ureter now affect almost one person in ten in Europe, the European Association of Urology has just confirmed. This figure has more than doubled since 1982, with urologists attributing the majority of the rise to the changes in European lifestyles which have led to increasing prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

Only children are significantly more likely to be overweight, European study finds Posted: 17 Sep 2012 06:00 AM PDT Children who grow up without siblings have a more than 50 percent higher risk of being overweight or obese than children with siblings. This is the finding of a study of 12,700 children in eight European countries, including Sweden, published in Nutrition and Diabetes.

Considerably more patients may benefit from effective antidiabetic drug, study suggests Posted: 17 Sep 2012 06:00 AM PDT The antidiabetic drug metformin is not prescribed for patients with reduced kidney function because the risk of adverse effects has been regarded as unacceptably high. A new study has found that the risks have been substantially overrated. As a result, many more patients with diabetes may be able to enjoy the benefits of the medication.

Hospital design affects patient care Posted: 17 Sep 2012 06:00 AM PDT When hospitals group patient rooms into small clusters, nurses have more time for their patients. But the design of these "bed clusters" is important.

Behavior issues are a bigger headache for children with migraines, research reveals Posted: 17 Sep 2012 05:55 AM PDT Kids who get migraine headaches are much more likely than other children to also have behavioral difficulties, including social and attention issues, and anxiety and depression. The more frequent the headaches, the greater the effect, according to new research.

Mobile phones and wireless networks: No evidence of health risk found, Norwegian experts find Posted: 17 Sep 2012 05:55 AM PDT There is no scientific evidence that low-level electromagnetic field exposure from mobile phones and other transmitting devices causes adverse health effects, according to a report presented by a Norwegian Expert Committee. In addition, the Committee provides advice to authorities about risk management and regulatory practice.

Researchers' novel use of nanoparticles target non-invasive treatment for deep cancer Posted: 17 Sep 2012 05:53 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a new technology that paves the way for a new safe and non-invasive method of treating deep cancer. The team has so far, demonstrated that their technology could inhibit tumor growth and control gene expression in mice. This is a world's first for the use of nanoparticles for non-invasive photodynamic therapy of deep cancer.

PARP inhibitors may have clinical utility in HER2-positive breast cancers Posted: 17 Sep 2012 05:49 AM PDT Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, shown to have clinical activity when used alone in women with familial breast and ovarian cancers linked to BRCA mutations, may be a novel treatment strategy in women with HER2-positive breast cancers, according to the results of a new study. Currently, women with HER2-positive breast cancers are treated with therapies that target HER2. However, many women with this form of cancer either fail to ever respond to these targeted therapies or initially respond to them but then become resistant to their effects.

New insights on cell competition Posted: 14 Sep 2012 10:31 AM PDT Scientists have now described how natural selection also occurs at the cellular level, and how our body's tissues and organs strive to retain the best cells in their ranks in order to fend off disease processes.

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