ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Association between rare neuromuscular disorder and loss of smell identified
• Children with autism can identify misbehavior but have trouble putting it in words, study finds
• Impact of autism may be different in men and women
• Potential new drug therapy for Crohn's disease
• Leading bone marrow transplant expert recommends significant change to current practice
• Elevated indoor carbon dioxide impairs decision-making performance
• Antidepressants linked to increased risk of stroke, but risk is low, study finds
• Nearly four out of ten lesbians not routinely screened for cervical cancer, U.S. study finds
• Bloodstream infections cut by 44 percent in sickest hospital patients, study concludes
• Overeating impairs brain insulin function, a mechanism that can lead to diabetes and obesity
• Adhering to lifestyle guidelines reduced mortality in elderly female cancer survivors
• Two components of red meat combined with alteration in DNA repair increase risk for bladder cancer
• Depression and shortened telomeres increased bladder cancer mortality
• New fruit fly model of epilepsy reveals mechanisms behind fever-induced seizures
• Leaves of carob tree, source of chocolate substitute, fight food-poisoning bacteria
• New malaria drug requires just one dose and appears twice as effective as existing regimen
• Epigenetic analysis of stomach cancer finds new disease subtypes
• New advance could help soldiers, athletes, others rebound from traumatic brain injuries
• Infertility: How can ovulation function be restored?
• Pathology of Huntington's disease identified
• Does true love wait? Age of first sexual experience predicts romantic outcomes in adulthood
• Calcium reveals connections between neurons
• Evolutionary origins of our pretty smile
• Breech births cause more problems for moms and babies when water breaks early
• Gluten and lactose-free ingredient substitute found for low-fat white sauces
• Plant-based diets can remedy chronic diseases
• Study evaluates treating mothers with ADHD to improve outcomes in kids
• New technique for sorting live cells may expedite biomedical research
• Process controlling night vision clarifled
• Multivitamin use among middle-aged, older men results in modest reduction in cancer, study finds
• Daily multivitamins reduce risk of cancer in men: Study is first to examine long-term affect of multivitamins on major chronic disease
• Novel chewing gum formulation helps prevent motion sickness
• Vegetable-derived compound effective in treating triple-negative breast cancer, research suggests
• Use of anti-psychotic drugs by people with dementia 'under reported'
• Daily multivitamin use reduced cancer occurrence in men
• Increased flavonoid intake reduced risk for aggressive prostate cancer
• Prolonged formula feeding, delay in solid foods was associated with increased risk for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Scariest place this Halloween? The emergency room
• College students' sexual hookups more complex than originally thought
• Epigenetic difference in twins explains different risk of breast cancer
• Daily sedation interruption for critically ill patients does not improve outcomes
• Doctors who go digital provide higher quality healthcare: Study says electronic health records help physicians provide better care
• Researchers study 'ACT TIL' approach to treating metastatic melanoma
• Overcoming memories that trigger cocaine relapse
• New insights into how genetic differences influence breast cancer risk from low-dose radiation
• Children with ADHD find medication frees them to choose between right and wrong, study suggests
• Efforts to establish exercise as a vital sign prove valid, experts say
• Study questions feasibility of entire genome sequencing in minutes
• Active surveillance provides a viable alternative to surgery for small kidney masses, study suggests
• This is your brain on food: Studies reveal how diet affects brain functions
• Don’t get tricked into over-indulging in holiday treats: Weight loss expert says managing Halloween festivities sets the tone for the holiday season
• Multiple sclerosis: Using the eye as a 'window into the brain'
• Vitamin D supplements may benefit lupus patients
• Drugs used to immobilize patients during surgery raise risk of respiratory complications, study finds

Association between rare neuromuscular disorder and loss of smell identified Posted: 17 Oct 2012 03:12 PM PDT Changes in the ability to smell and taste can be caused by a simple cold or upper respiratory tract infection, but they may also be among the first signs of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. New research has revealed an association between an impaired sense of smell and myasthenia gravis, a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease.

Children with autism can identify misbehavior but have trouble putting it in words, study finds Posted: 17 Oct 2012 03:12 PM PDT Children with autism have difficulty identifying inappropriate social behavior, and even when successful, they are often unable to justify why the behavior seemed inappropriate. New brain imaging studies show that children with autism may recognize socially inappropriate behavior, but have difficulty using spoken language to explain why the behavior is considered inappropriate, according to new research.

Impact of autism may be different in men and women Posted: 17 Oct 2012 03:12 PM PDT Men and women with autism spectrum conditions may show subtle but significant differences in the cognitive functions impacted by the condition, according to new research.

Potential new drug therapy for Crohn's disease Posted: 17 Oct 2012 03:02 PM PDT Ustekinumab, an antibody proven to treat the skin condition psoriasis, has now shown positive results in decreasing the debilitating effects of Crohn's Disease, according to new research.

Leading bone marrow transplant expert recommends significant change to current practice Posted: 17 Oct 2012 03:02 PM PDT One of the world's leading bone marrow transplant experts is recommending a significant change to current transplant practice for patients who need marrow or adult stem cells from an unrelated donor to treat hematologic malignancies.

Elevated indoor carbon dioxide impairs decision-making performance Posted: 17 Oct 2012 01:24 PM PDT Overturning decades of conventional wisdom, researchers have found that moderately high indoor concentrations of carbon dioxide can significantly impair people's decision-making performance. The results were unexpected and may have particular implications for schools and other spaces with high occupant density.

Antidepressants linked to increased risk of stroke, but risk is low, study finds Posted: 17 Oct 2012 01:08 PM PDT Research shows that use of popular antidepressants is linked to an increased risk of some strokes caused by bleeding in the brain, but that the risk is low, according to a multi-study analysis.

Nearly four out of ten lesbians not routinely screened for cervical cancer, U.S. study finds Posted: 17 Oct 2012 12:48 PM PDT Nearly 38% of lesbians polled in a national U.S. survey were not routinely screened for cervical cancer, putting them at risk of developing a highly preventable cancer, according to a new study. Cervical cancer is caused by a sexually transmitted virus, the human papillomavirus, and can be detected through regular Pap smears.

Bloodstream infections cut by 44 percent in sickest hospital patients, study concludes Posted: 17 Oct 2012 12:48 PM PDT A sweeping study on the issue of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospitals shows that using antimicrobial soap and ointment on all intensive-care patients significantly decreases bloodstream infection.

Overeating impairs brain insulin function, a mechanism that can lead to diabetes and obesity Posted: 17 Oct 2012 12:39 PM PDT New research sheds light on how overeating can cause a malfunction in brain insulin signaling, and lead to obesity and diabetes. Researchers found that overeating impairs the ability of brain insulin to suppress the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue.

Adhering to lifestyle guidelines reduced mortality in elderly female cancer survivors Posted: 17 Oct 2012 12:39 PM PDT Achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight, staying physically active and maintaining a healthy diet improved survival after cancer diagnosis in an elderly female cancer survivor population, according to new data.

Two components of red meat combined with alteration in DNA repair increase risk for bladder cancer Posted: 17 Oct 2012 12:39 PM PDT Two components of red meat -- dietary protein and dietary iron -- may combine to form powerful carcinogens, N-nitroso compounds, which increase risk for bladder cancer. Moreover, individuals with reduced ability to reverse the effects of N-nitroso compounds because of a genetic variation in their RAD52 gene could be at particularly high risk.

Depression and shortened telomeres increased bladder cancer mortality Posted: 17 Oct 2012 12:39 PM PDT The combination of shortened telomeres, a biological marker of aging associated with cancer development, and elevated depression significantly impacted bladder cancer mortality, according to new data.

New fruit fly model of epilepsy reveals mechanisms behind fever-induced seizures Posted: 17 Oct 2012 11:18 AM PDT Researchers have created a new fruit fly model of inherited epilepsy that's providing insights into the mechanisms underlying temperature-dependent seizures while establishing a platform from which to develop therapies for these disorders.

Leaves of carob tree, source of chocolate substitute, fight food-poisoning bacteria Posted: 17 Oct 2012 11:18 AM PDT Leaves of the plant that yields carob -- the substitute for chocolate that some consider healthier than chocolate -- are a rich source of antibacterial substances ideal for fighting the microbe responsible for listeriosis, a serious form of food poisoning, according to a new report.

New malaria drug requires just one dose and appears twice as effective as existing regimen Posted: 17 Oct 2012 11:18 AM PDT Scientists are reporting development of a new malaria drug that, in laboratory tests, has been twice as effective as the best current medicine against this global scourge and may fight off the disease with one dose, instead of the multiple doses that people often fail to take.

Epigenetic analysis of stomach cancer finds new disease subtypes Posted: 17 Oct 2012 11:18 AM PDT Researchers have identified numerous new subtypes of gastric cancer that are triggered by environmental factors.

New advance could help soldiers, athletes, others rebound from traumatic brain injuries Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:20 AM PDT A potential treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI), which affects thousands of soldiers, auto accident victims, athletes and others each year, has shown promise in laboratory research, scientists are reporting. TBI can occur in individuals who experience a violent blow to the head, a gunshot injury or exposure to an explosion. TBI currently cannot be treated and may result in permanent brain damage or death.

Infertility: How can ovulation function be restored? Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:20 AM PDT It is well known that breast feeding increases the secretion of the prolactin hormone and inhibits ovulation in women. This prevents the onset of a new pregnancy too soon, and so breast feeding was used in the past as a method of contraception. In addition to this physiological condition, there are many other pathological conditions in which the production of prolactin is increased. Thanks to new research, the intimate mechanism of the hyperprolactinaemia alterations affecting reproduction in mice has been discovered.

Pathology of Huntington's disease identified Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:20 AM PDT A new study provides novel insight into the impact that Huntington's disease has on the brain.

Does true love wait? Age of first sexual experience predicts romantic outcomes in adulthood Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:18 AM PDT It's a common lament among parents: Kids are growing up too fast these days. Parents worry about their kids getting involved in all kinds of risky behavior, but they worry especially about their kids' forays into sexual relationships. A new study examines whether timing of sexual initiation in adolescence predicts romantic outcomes -- such as whether people get married or live with their partners, number of romantic partners, and relationship satisfaction -- later in adulthood.

Calcium reveals connections between neurons Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:18 AM PDT Neuroscientists have developed a way to monitor how brain cells coordinate with each other to control specific behaviors, such as initiating movement or detecting an odor.

Evolutionary origins of our pretty smile Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:18 AM PDT It takes both teeth and jaws to make a pretty smile, but the evolutionary origins of these parts of our anatomy have only just been discovered, thanks to a particle accelerator and a long dead fish.

Breech births cause more problems for moms and babies when water breaks early Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:15 AM PDT Breech births increase the risk of complications for the mother and baby when the amniotic sac ruptures early.

Gluten and lactose-free ingredient substitute found for low-fat white sauces Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:15 AM PDT Consumers are increasingly demanding the development of ready-to-eat gluten and lactose-free food products that meet their needs and help improve their health. A recent study shows how new white sauce formulations are being created to meet these demands.

Plant-based diets can remedy chronic diseases Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:15 AM PDT According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 63 percent of the deaths that occurred in 2008 were attributed to non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, Type 2 diabetes and obesity—for which poor diets are contributing factors. Yet people that live in societies that eat healthy, plant-based diets rarely fall victim to these ailments. Research studies have long indicated that a high consumption of plant foods is associated with lower incidents of chronic disease. Recent discoveries in nutritional genomics now explain how plant-based diets are effective at warding off disease.

Study evaluates treating mothers with ADHD to improve outcomes in kids Posted: 17 Oct 2012 10:15 AM PDT Researchers are conducting a study to determine if treating mothers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder -- either with medication or parent training -- will help children at risk for ADHD.

New technique for sorting live cells may expedite biomedical research Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:41 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new technique that uses sound waves to rapidly separate selected collections of cells for use in biomedical research.

Process controlling night vision clarifled Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:39 AM PDT On the road at night or on a tennis court at dusk, the eye can be deceived. Vision is not as sharp as in the light of day, and detecting a bicyclist on the road or a careening tennis ball can be tough. New research reveals the key chemical process that corrects for potential visual errors in low-light conditions. Understanding this fundamental step could lead to new treatments for visual deficits, or might one day boost normal night vision to new levels.

Multivitamin use among middle-aged, older men results in modest reduction in cancer, study finds Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:39 AM PDT In a randomized trial that included nearly 15,000 male physicians, long-term daily multivitamin use resulted in a modest but statistically significant reduction in cancer after more than a decade of treatment and follow-up.

Daily multivitamins reduce risk of cancer in men: Study is first to examine long-term affect of multivitamins on major chronic disease Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:39 AM PDT A daily multivitamin can help a man reduce his risk of cancer, according to new research from Brigham and Women's Hospital. The first-of-its kind study will be presented Oct. 17 at the 11th Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research and published online the same day in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Novel chewing gum formulation helps prevent motion sickness Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:39 AM PDT A new prototype for medicated chewing gum has been developed for motion sickness that may offer many advantages over conventional oral solid dosage forms. About 33 percent of people are susceptible to motion sickness in mild circumstances and 66 percent are affected in more severe conditions.

Vegetable-derived compound effective in treating triple-negative breast cancer, research suggests Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:39 AM PDT A new compound created from a rich source in vegetables including broccoli and brussel sprouts has been developed to combat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer; it grows faster, spreads to other parts of the body earlier, is harder to detect on a mammogram and recurs more often.

Use of anti-psychotic drugs by people with dementia 'under reported' Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:37 AM PDT The scale of the challenge to reduce the use of anti-psychotic drugs by people with dementia may be under-estimated.  There is a key public health challenge to reduce the prescribing of anti-psychotic drugs to people with dementia as they are thought to be associated with up to 1,800 deaths a year.

Daily multivitamin use reduced cancer occurrence in men Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:37 AM PDT Daily use of a common multivitamin reduced the risk for total cancer occurrence in a population of men followed for more than a decade, according to new data.

Increased flavonoid intake reduced risk for aggressive prostate cancer Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:28 AM PDT A high total intake of flavonoids, a group of compounds found in plants, was inversely associated with the risk for highly aggressive prostate cancer, according to new data.

Prolonged formula feeding, delay in solid foods was associated with increased risk for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:28 AM PDT Results of one study indicate that the risk for developing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia increased the longer a baby was fed formula and the longer solid foods were delayed.

Scariest place this Halloween? The emergency room Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:28 AM PDT Each year, 9.2 million babies, children, and teens are injured severely enough to need treatment in emergency departments all across America, reports the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Nothing is scarier than a trip to the emergency room," said Mark Cichon, DO, chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Loyola University Health System. "In a season devoted to frights, it is our goal to keep everyone safe."

College students' sexual hookups more complex than originally thought Posted: 17 Oct 2012 09:28 AM PDT Researchers prepared a comprehensive academic review of the sexual hookup culture. Their finding concluded that these encounters, which are increasingly becoming the 'norm,' mark a shift in the openness and acceptance of uncommitted sex among U.S. "emerging adults" during the transitional developmental period between adolescence and young adulthood.

Epigenetic difference in twins explains different risk of breast cancer Posted: 17 Oct 2012 07:29 AM PDT Researchers have identified an epigenetic change in a twin who will develop breast cancer but not in her healthy sister.

Daily sedation interruption for critically ill patients does not improve outcomes Posted: 17 Oct 2012 07:29 AM PDT For critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation, daily sedation interruption did not reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation or appear to offer any benefit to patients, and may have increased both sedation and analgesic use and nurse workload.

Doctors who go digital provide higher quality healthcare: Study says electronic health records help physicians provide better care Posted: 17 Oct 2012 07:25 AM PDT The use of electronic health records is linked to significantly higher quality care, according to a new study. Electronic health records (EHRs) have become a priority in the US, with federal incentives for 'meaningful' use of EHRs. Meaningful use entails tracking and improving specific patient outcomes, as well as gathering and storing information.

Researchers study 'ACT TIL' approach to treating metastatic melanoma Posted: 17 Oct 2012 07:24 AM PDT Researchers have carried out a clinical trial in which patients with metastatic melanoma were given chemotherapy and an immunotherapy of adoptive cell transfer (ACT) with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Tumor tissues were surgically removed from patients, minced and grown in culture. The treatment combined chemotherapy, then ACT with TIL, followed by interleukin-2 (IL-2). The combination therapy drew a high response rate from some patients.

Overcoming memories that trigger cocaine relapse Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:19 AM PDT Researchers have identified mechanisms in the brain responsible for regulating cocaine-seeking behavior, providing an avenue for drug development that could greatly reduce the high relapse rate in cocaine addiction.

New insights into how genetic differences influence breast cancer risk from low-dose radiation Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:19 AM PDT Scientists have identified tissue mechanisms that may influence a woman's susceptibility or resistance to breast cancer after exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation, such as the levels used in full-body CT scans and radiotherapy.

Children with ADHD find medication frees them to choose between right and wrong, study suggests Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:19 AM PDT Children living with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tend to feel that they benefit from medication to treat the condition and do not feel that the medication turns them into "robots", according to a new report. In fact, they report feeling that medication helps them to control their behavior and make better decisions. The study, which gives a voice to the children themselves, provides valuable insights into their experiences and the stigma they face.

Efforts to establish exercise as a vital sign prove valid, experts say Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:19 AM PDT A new electronic Exercise Vital Sign initiative to systematically record patients' physical activity in their electronic health records has been developed. The new feature is successfully compiling accurate and valuable information that can help clinicians better treat and counsel patients about their lifestyles, according to a new study.

Study questions feasibility of entire genome sequencing in minutes Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:17 AM PDT The claim that nanopore technology is on the verge of making DNA analysis so fast and cheap that a person's entire genome could be sequenced in just minutes and at a fraction of the cost of available commercial methods, has resulted in overwhelming academic, industrial, and global interest. But a new review on nanopore sequencing, questions whether the remaining technical hurdles can be overcome to create a workable, easily produced commercial device.

Active surveillance provides a viable alternative to surgery for small kidney masses, study suggests Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:17 AM PDT Active surveillance of small kidney masses is a safe and effective alternative to immediate surgery, with similar overall and cancer specific survival rates, according to a new study.

This is your brain on food: Studies reveal how diet affects brain functions Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:17 AM PDT New studies explore the neurological component of dietary disorders, uncovering evidence that the brain's biological mechanisms may contribute to significant public health challenges -- obesity, diabetes, binge eating, and the allure of the high-calorie meal.

Don’t get tricked into over-indulging in holiday treats: Weight loss expert says managing Halloween festivities sets the tone for the holiday season Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:12 AM PDT 'Tis the season for ghouls and ghosts, witches and skeletons, and the bane that arrives around fall to haunt our scales and waist lines: the holiday creep. "How you manage this holiday really sets the tone for how you will handle the rest of the season," researchers say.

Multiple sclerosis: Using the eye as a 'window into the brain' Posted: 17 Oct 2012 06:12 AM PDT An inexpensive, five-minute eye scan can accurately assess the amount of brain damage in people with the debilitating autoimmune disorder multiple sclerosis (MS), and offer clues about how quickly the disease is progressing, according to new results.

Vitamin D supplements may benefit lupus patients Posted: 16 Oct 2012 05:39 PM PDT A new clinical study provides preliminary evidence that vitamin D supplementation could be considered an immunomodulatory agent for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized not only by skin, joint, neurological and renal symptoms, but also by inflammation of tissue linings in the body.

Drugs used to immobilize patients during surgery raise risk of respiratory complications, study finds Posted: 16 Oct 2012 04:06 PM PDT Researchers have found that medications currently used to immobilize patients during surgery can increase the risk of postoperative respiratory complications. Their study also found that the agent most commonly used to reverse the action of the immobilizing drug does not prevent and may possibly increase the risk that patients will need to receive postoperative respiratory support.

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