ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Scientists show how insulin-producing cells may fail in diabetes, might someday be restored
• Patients with MS may be at increased risk of developing cancer
• Employment may lead to improvement in autism symptoms
• Research shows early promise of new drug for cancers caused by viruses
• Health and 'hookups' correlated in first-year college women
• Brain structure shows who is most sensitive to pain
• Short circuit in molecular switch intensifies pain
• CT scans could bolster forensic database to ID unidentified remains
• Cell division discovery could offer fresh insight into cancer
• Fish derived serum omega-3 fatty acids help reduce risk of type 2 diabetes
• New breast cancer stem cell findings explain how cancer spreads
• Review finds lack of delirium screening in the emergency department
• Dance and virtual reality: A promising treatment for urinary incontinence in elderly women
• T-cell research sheds light on why HIV can persist despite treatment
• NHS cancer risk threshold 'too high' for patients, research indicates
• Gene variation associated with brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment
• Hw states' restrictions on ACA implementation are affecting access
• Physical reason for chromosome's cylindrical shape discovered
• Physics research: What your candles and TV screen have in common
• Most common gene mutation in human pigmentation in Mediterranean countries linked to increased skin cancer
• Molecular nano-spies to make light work of disease detection
• How fiber prevents diabetes, obesity
• Mitochondrial genes matter for survival and reproduction
• Passing bowls family-style teaches daycare kids to respond to hunger cues, fights obesity
• Promising drug candidates for pain, addiction
• Members of blood pressure panel at odds over recently released guidelines
• Prevalence of hepatitis C infection found to vary widely among Hispanics
• Primate growing up with half the calories: New understanding about human health and longevity
• Tricky protein may help HIV vaccine development
• Viral microRNAs responsible for causing AIDS-related cancer, study shows
• Food companies marketing to kids
• Study examines probiotic use in preventing gastrointestinal disorders in infants
• How immune system fights off malaria
• New test could simplify diagnosis of celiac disease
• Study questions anti-cancer mechanisms of drug tested in clinical trials
• Small molecule shows promise as anti-cancer therapy
• Chemical signaling simulates exercise in cartilage cells

Scientists show how insulin-producing cells may fail in diabetes, might someday be restored Posted: 14 Jan 2014 10:09 AM PST Two new studies shed new light on the nature of beta cells, the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas that are compromised in diabetes.

Patients with MS may be at increased risk of developing cancer Posted: 14 Jan 2014 10:08 AM PST Individuals with multiple sclerosis may have an increased risk of developing any type of cancer, with an especially high risk of developing breast cancer. That is the conclusion of a recent study published. Because the findings contradict earlier studies, additional research is needed to determine whether a true link exists between multiple sclerosis and cancer.

Employment may lead to improvement in autism symptoms Posted: 14 Jan 2014 10:06 AM PST More independent work environments may lead to reductions in autism symptoms and improve daily living in adults with the disorder, according to a new study.

Research shows early promise of new drug for cancers caused by viruses Posted: 14 Jan 2014 08:42 AM PST A newly published paper is the first to report that specialized fat (lipid) molecules, called sphingolipids, play a key role in the survival of aggressive lymphomas caused by viruses. The paper also reveals a new therapy for preventing production of sphingolipids by lymphoma cells, thereby killing these cells, which are often resistant to standard therapies.

Health and 'hookups' correlated in first-year college women Posted: 14 Jan 2014 08:41 AM PST Sexual experimentation outside of committed romantic relationships, or "hooking up," is typically portrayed by the media as unhealthy, especially for young women. These portrayals, however, are largely conjecture. Research now demonstrates potential negative outcomes associated with hooking up in female college students.

Brain structure shows who is most sensitive to pain Posted: 14 Jan 2014 08:41 AM PST Everybody feels pain differently, and brain structure may hold the clue to these differences. In a study published, scientistshave shown that the brain's structure is related to how intensely people perceive pain.

Short circuit in molecular switch intensifies pain Posted: 14 Jan 2014 07:30 AM PST While searching for novel painkillers, researchers came to the surprising conclusion that some candidate drugs actually increase pain. In a study published, the researchers show that a molecular switch in the nerves responsible for detecting pain can 'short-circuit', thus aggravating the onset of pain.

CT scans could bolster forensic database to ID unidentified remains Posted: 14 Jan 2014 07:30 AM PST A study finds that data from CT scans can be incorporated into a growing forensic database to help determine the ancestry and sex of unidentified remains. The finding may also have clinical applications for craniofacial surgeons.

Cell division discovery could offer fresh insight into cancer Posted: 14 Jan 2014 07:30 AM PST New findings on how the cells in our bodies are able to renew themselves could aid our understanding of health disorders, including cancer.

Fish derived serum omega-3 fatty acids help reduce risk of type 2 diabetes Posted: 14 Jan 2014 07:27 AM PST High concentrations of serum long-chain omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, according to a new study. The sources of these fatty acids are fish and fish oils.

New breast cancer stem cell findings explain how cancer spreads Posted: 14 Jan 2014 07:25 AM PST Breast cancer stem cells exist in two different states and each state plays a role in how cancer spreads, according to an international collaboration of researchers. Their finding sheds new light on the process that makes cancer a deadly disease.

Review finds lack of delirium screening in the emergency department Posted: 14 Jan 2014 07:24 AM PST Delirium in older patients in an emergency room setting can foretell other health issues. But according to a new study, the condition is frequently overlooked because of a lack of screening tools in emergency departments.

Dance and virtual reality: A promising treatment for urinary incontinence in elderly women Posted: 14 Jan 2014 07:24 AM PST Virtual reality, dance and fun are not the first things that come to mind when we think of treating urinary incontinence in senior women. However, these concepts were the foundations of a promising study .

T-cell research sheds light on why HIV can persist despite treatment Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:21 AM PST Research by an international team provides evidence that a particular T-cell type may help researchers better understand why HIV can persist despite treatment.

NHS cancer risk threshold 'too high' for patients, research indicates Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:21 AM PST Patients have expressed an appetite for potential cancer symptoms to be checked out much sooner than current NHS thresholds guidelines suggest, new research has revealed.

Gene variation associated with brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:19 AM PST The presence of a gene variant in people with mild cognitive impairment is associated with accelerated rates of brain atrophy, according to a new study.

Hw states' restrictions on ACA implementation are affecting access Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:19 AM PST The first study to gauge the impact of state restrictions on the roll-out of the Affordable Care Act indicates that community health centers across the country are engaged in an intensive effort to find and enroll eligible and uninsured patients and community residents.

Physical reason for chromosome's cylindrical shape discovered Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:18 AM PST Researchers have determined why metaphase chromosomes have their characteristic elongated cylindrical shape. The results show that this morphology is related to the chromosome's self-organizing structure.

Physics research: What your candles and TV screen have in common Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:18 AM PST The next time you light a candle and switch on your television ready for a relaxing evening at home, just think.  These two vastly different products have much more in common than you might imagine.

Most common gene mutation in human pigmentation in Mediterranean countries linked to increased skin cancer Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:17 AM PST When Homo sapiens left Africa and had to adapt to less sunny climates, there was a mutation in one of the genes responsible for regulating the synthesis of melanin, the MC1R gene, which involved a discoloration of the skin. This discoloration allowed for better absorption of vitamin D, necessary for growth, but it also increased the risk of developing skin cancer in adulthood. This mutation is most common among people from Mediterranean regions such as Spain, Portugal, Italy and Israel, presenting in about 10-20% of the population.

Molecular nano-spies to make light work of disease detection Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:08 AM PST A world of cloak-and-dagger pharmaceuticals has come a step closer with the development of stealth compounds programmed to spring into action when they receive the signal.

How fiber prevents diabetes, obesity Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:08 AM PST Scientists have known for the past twenty years that a fiber-rich diet protects the organism against obesity and diabetes but the mechanisms involved have so far eluded them. A French-Swedish team has succeeded in elucidating this mechanism, which involves the intestinal flora and the ability of the intestine to produce glucose between meals.

Mitochondrial genes matter for survival and reproduction Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:08 AM PST Contrary to common belief, mitochondrial genes seem to matter for how well individuals survive and reproduce. These new results are reported by researchers who studied the genes of a common beetle species. Mitochondria are vital power plants of cells. They carry their own genes, which are inherited only through females, and these genes vary greatly between individuals. Scientists have shown for the first time that differences in the mitochondrial genes that individuals carry actually affect how well they survive and reproduce.

Passing bowls family-style teaches daycare kids to respond to hunger cues, fights obesity Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:08 AM PST When children and child-care providers sit around a table together at mealtime, passing bowls and serving themselves, children learn to recognize when they are full better than they do when food is pre-plated for them, reports a new study of feeding practices of two- to five-year-old children in 118 child-care centers.

Promising drug candidates for pain, addiction Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:04 AM PST Scientists have described a pair of drug candidates that advance the search for new treatments for pain, addiction and other disorders.

Members of blood pressure panel at odds over recently released guidelines Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:04 AM PST Minority of panel members who disagree with raising systolic blood pressure targets for people over 60 years of age provide their evidence in a new commentary.

Prevalence of hepatitis C infection found to vary widely among Hispanics Posted: 14 Jan 2014 06:04 AM PST A research team has found that the prevalence of Hepatitis C varies widely among different Hispanic groups in the U.S.

Primate growing up with half the calories: New understanding about human health and longevity Posted: 13 Jan 2014 01:38 PM PST New research shows that humans and other primates burn 50 percent fewer calories each day than other mammals. The study suggests that these remarkably slow metabolisms explain why humans and other primates grow up so slowly and live such long lives.

Tricky protein may help HIV vaccine development Posted: 13 Jan 2014 01:38 PM PST Scientists have taken aim at what may be the Achilles' heel of the HIV virus. Combining expertise in biochemistry, immunology and advanced computation, researchers have determined the structure of a key part of the HIV envelope protein, the gp41 membrane proximal external region, which previously eluded complete, functional description. The research will help focus HIV vaccine development efforts.

Viral microRNAs responsible for causing AIDS-related cancer, study shows Posted: 13 Jan 2014 01:38 PM PST For the first time, scientists and engineers have identified a critical cancer-causing component in the virus that causes Kaposi's sarcoma, the most common cancer among HIV-infected people. The discovery lays the foundation for developing drugs that prevent Kaposi's sarcoma and other related cancers.

Food companies marketing to kids Posted: 13 Jan 2014 01:36 PM PST Most students attend schools where they are exposed to fast food and beverages through meals, advertising and promotions, according to researchers.

Study examines probiotic use in preventing gastrointestinal disorders in infants Posted: 13 Jan 2014 01:36 PM PST Giving an infant a probiotic during the first three months of life appears to reduce the onset of gastrointestinal disorders and result in lower associated costs, according to a study.

How immune system fights off malaria Posted: 13 Jan 2014 12:42 PM PST A study reveals immune cells that are critical to combating the parasite in early stages of infection.

New test could simplify diagnosis of celiac disease Posted: 13 Jan 2014 12:42 PM PST A new blood test being developed can rapidly and accurately diagnose celiac disease without the need for prolonged gluten exposure.

Study questions anti-cancer mechanisms of drug tested in clinical trials Posted: 13 Jan 2014 12:42 PM PST The diabetes drug metformin is being tested in numerous clinical trials for treating different cancers, and several studies point to its apparent activation of a molecular regulator of cell metabolism called AMPK to suppress tumor growth. But new research suggests that activation of AMPK may fuel cancer growth, and that clinicians testing the drug should re-evaluate their data.

Small molecule shows promise as anti-cancer therapy Posted: 13 Jan 2014 12:26 PM PST Scientists say a previously known but little studied chemical compound targets and shuts down a common cancer process. In studies of laboratory-grown human tumor cell lines, the drug disrupted tumor cell division and prevented growth of advanced cancer cells.

Chemical signaling simulates exercise in cartilage cells Posted: 13 Jan 2014 12:26 PM PST Cartilage is notoriously difficult to repair or grow, but researchers have taken a step toward understanding how to regenerate the connective tissue. By adding a chemical to cartilage cells, the chemical signals spurred new cartilage growth, mimicking the effects of physical activity.

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