ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Ebola research shows rapid control interventions key factor in preventing spread
• College athletes in contact sports more likely to carry MRSA, study finds
• Effect of antibiotic susceptibility for patients with bloodstream infection
• Drinking decaf or regular coffee maybe good for the liver
• Cellular 'power grid' failure triggers abnormal heart rhythms after a heart attack
• Investigation into GI scope-related infections changes national guidelines
• Programs to improve hand hygiene reduced infections, increased compliance
• Coastal living boosts physical activity, study shows
• The mathematics behind the Ebola epidemic
• Intracranial stents: More strokes than with drug treatment alone
• Dads, not just moms, battle balancing work, family, exercise
• Discovery may lead to lower doses of chemotherapy
• Understanding the bushmeat market: Why do people risk infection from bat meat?
• Why men are the weaker sex when it comes to bone health
• Mining big data yields Alzheimer's discovery
• Nanoparticle research could enhance drug delivery through skin
• Combatting periodontal pathogens
• Pregnant women with psychiatric conditions require higher doses of neuroleptics
• RNA molecules found in urine, tissue that detect prostate cancer
• Workplace violence in the health sector: What are the consequences?
• Experimental rapid test could tell sinusitis sufferers if they need antibiotics - or just patience
• Increased health risks linked to first-episode psychosis
• Support for Medicaid expansion strong among low-income adults
• Skin exposure may contribute to early risk for food allergies
• Timing of epidural is up to the mother
• Gene therapy shows promise for severe combined immunodeficiency
• Healthy lifestyle may cut stroke risk in half for women
• More appropriate use of cardiac stress testing with imaging could reduce health costs, improve patient outcomes
• World's first novel method for label-free identification of stem cells will lead to more consistent, efficacious stem cell therapies, experts say
• Ensuring polymorphic purity in drugs
• Safe way to manipulate immune cells developed
• Double blast to ward off pneumonia: Dry powder inhaler formulation

Ebola research shows rapid control interventions key factor in preventing spread Posted: 09 Oct 2014 01:37 PM PDT New Ebola research demonstrates that quick and forceful implementation of control interventions are necessary to control outbreaks and avoid far worse scenarios. Researchers analyzed up-to-date epidemiological data of Ebola cases in Nigeria as of Oct. 1, 2014, in order to estimate the case fatality rate, proportion of health care workers infected, transmission progression and impact of control interventions on the size of the epidemic.

College athletes in contact sports more likely to carry MRSA, study finds Posted: 09 Oct 2014 08:27 AM PDT Even if they don't show signs of infection, college athletes who play football, soccer and other contact sports are more likely to carry the superbug methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This puts them at higher risk for infection and increases the likelihood of spreading the bug, which can cause serious and even fatal infections.

Effect of antibiotic susceptibility for patients with bloodstream infection Posted: 09 Oct 2014 08:27 AM PDT In an analysis of more than 8,000 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections, there were no significant differences in the risk of death when comparing patients exhibiting less susceptibility to the antibiotic vancomycin to patients with more vancomycin susceptible strains of S. aureus, according to a study.

Drinking decaf or regular coffee maybe good for the liver Posted: 09 Oct 2014 08:26 AM PDT Researchers report that decaffeinated coffee drinking may benefit liver health. Results show that higher coffee consumption, regardless of caffeine content, was linked to lower levels of abnormal liver enzymes. This suggests that chemical compounds in coffee other than caffeine may help protect the liver.

Cellular 'power grid' failure triggers abnormal heart rhythms after a heart attack Posted: 09 Oct 2014 07:09 AM PDT Heart attack survivors often experience dangerous heart rhythm disturbances during treatment designed to restore blood flow to the injured heart muscle, a common and confounding complication of an otherwise lifesaving intervention. Now researchers working with rat heart cells have shown that such post-heart attack arrhythmias are likely triggered by something akin to a power grid failure inside the injured cardiac cells.

Investigation into GI scope-related infections changes national guidelines Posted: 09 Oct 2014 07:09 AM PDT National guidelines for the cleaning of certain gastrointestinal scopes are likely to be updated due to findings from an infection prevention team. Approximately 11 million gastrointestinal endoscopies are performed annually in the U.S. and contaminated scopes have been linked to more hospital-acquired infections than any other type of medical device.

Programs to improve hand hygiene reduced infections, increased compliance Posted: 09 Oct 2014 07:09 AM PDT Hospital infection prevention teams have improved hand washing and sanitizing compliance at the hospital to nearly 100 percent among clinical staff through accountability and educational measures. In a separate effor, rates of a deadly infection were reduced by educating patients about hand hygiene.

Coastal living boosts physical activity, study shows Posted: 09 Oct 2014 07:09 AM PDT People who live close to the coast are more likely to meet physical activity guidelines than inland dwellers, finds a new study. The research involved participants from across England and describes a particularly noticeable effect on western -- but unexpectedly not eastern -- coasts of the nation.

The mathematics behind the Ebola epidemic Posted: 09 Oct 2014 07:09 AM PDT Researchers have calculated new benchmark figures to precisely describe the Ebola epidemic in West Africa from a mathematical perspective. Their results may help health authorities to contain the epidemic.

Intracranial stents: More strokes than with drug treatment alone Posted: 09 Oct 2014 07:09 AM PDT Patients who, after a stroke, not only receive medications, but also stent implantation in their blood vessels in the brain, have another stroke considerably more often. This is probably caused by mechanical manipulation during stent implantation, researchers say.

Dads, not just moms, battle balancing work, family, exercise Posted: 09 Oct 2014 07:08 AM PDT Fathers experience the same exercise barriers as mothers: family responsibilities, guilt, lack of support, lack of time, scheduling constraints and work, a researcher has found. Although barriers for both parents are similar, working moms reported an additional hurdle. Mothers cited work and scheduling constraints as more of a barrier than fathers. Many active fathers found time to exercise during the workday, but mothers reported fear of being judged by co-workers for leaving to workout and lack of time to freshen up after a workout.

Discovery may lead to lower doses of chemotherapy Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:19 AM PDT Many cancer cells resist chemotherapy. Chemists have found a protein switch that activates resistance. The discovery opens the door for medications that will make tumors more sensitive to chemotherapy.

Understanding the bushmeat market: Why do people risk infection from bat meat? Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:19 AM PDT Ebola, as with many emerging infections, is likely to have arisen due to human interaction with wild animals -- most likely the practice of hunting and eating wild meat known as 'bushmeat.' A team of researchers has surveyed almost 600 people across southern Ghana to find out what drives consumption of bat bushmeat -- and how people perceive the risks associated with the practice.

Why men are the weaker sex when it comes to bone health Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:19 AM PDT Alarming new data shows that one-third of all hip fractures worldwide occur in men, with mortality rates as high as 37 percent in the first year following fracture. This makes men twice as likely as women to die after a hip fracture. Osteoporosis experts warn that as men often remain undiagnosed and untreated, millions are left vulnerable to early death and disability, irrespective of fracture type.

Mining big data yields Alzheimer's discovery Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:17 AM PDT A new way of working to identify a new gene linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's has been used by researchers. The discovery fills in another piece of the jigsaw when it comes to identifying people most at risk of developing the condition.

Nanoparticle research could enhance drug delivery through skin Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:16 AM PDT Key characteristics that enhance a nanoparticle's ability to penetrate skin have been identified by researchers in a milestone study that could have major implications for the delivery of drugs. Nanoparticles are up to 100,000 times smaller than the thickness of a human hair and drugs delivered using them as a platform, can be more concentrated, targeted and efficient than those delivered through traditional means.

Combatting periodontal pathogens Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:16 AM PDT Periodontitis is a common ailment. If the inflammation remains untreated, it could lead to tooth loss. However, it is also suspected of triggering many other diseases, like cardiopulmonary diseases. Researchers are studying the interactions, and developing compounds to combat the causative agents.

Pregnant women with psychiatric conditions require higher doses of neuroleptics Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:16 AM PDT The new generation of neuroleptics for psychiatric conditions has the advantage over older medications of fewer adverse side effects. An investigation into their effectiveness in pregnant women has now discovered that higher doses are needed during pregnancy to maintain the desired effect.

RNA molecules found in urine, tissue that detect prostate cancer Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:03 AM PDT Potential biomarkers may pave way to a more sensitive, specific, and non-invasive prostate cancer screening assay, according to a report. Today, prostate cancer is primarily detected and monitored by testing for high concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in blood samples. The researchers believe that they have identified a group of RNA molecules that hold the potential for serving as better prognostic markers for prostate cancer.

Workplace violence in the health sector: What are the consequences? Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:03 AM PDT Exposure to violence in the workplace can lead to serious consequences for health sector employees say researchers, who studied this issue in a systematic review of the literature.

Experimental rapid test could tell sinusitis sufferers if they need antibiotics - or just patience Posted: 09 Oct 2014 06:03 AM PDT Each year, 36 million people with chronic congestion and runny noses seek treatment from their primary care physicians. Without a way for doctors to easily distinguish viral from bacterial infections, more than half of patients will end up getting antibiotics for an infection that they don't actually have. The invention of a rapid, in-office test, based on bacterial biomarkers, could help physicians identify the infections that need antibiotics while helping reduce the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

Increased health risks linked to first-episode psychosis Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:39 PM PDT Many patients with psychosis develop health risks associated with premature death early in the course of their mental illness. Patients with schizophrenia are already known to have higher rates of premature death than the general population. Elevated risks of heart disease and metabolic issues such as high blood sugar in people with first episode psychosis are due to an interaction of mental illness, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and antipsychotic medications that may accelerate these risks, experts say.

Support for Medicaid expansion strong among low-income adults Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:39 PM PDT Low-income adults overwhelmingly support Medicaid expansion and think the government-sponsored program offers health care coverage that is comparable to or even better in quality than private health insurance coverage, according to a new study.

Skin exposure may contribute to early risk for food allergies Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:37 PM PDT Many children may become allergic to peanuts before they first eat them, and skin exposure may be contribute to early sensitization, according to a study in mice. Early in the process of developing an allergy, skin exposure to food allergens contributes to 'sensitization', which means the skin is reactive to an antigen, such as peanuts, especially by repeated exposure.

Timing of epidural is up to the mother Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:37 PM PDT When a woman is in labor, the appropriate time to give an epidural during childbirth is when she asks for it, a new study suggests. A systematic review compared early and late epidurals during labor and found that they had very similar effects.

Gene therapy shows promise for severe combined immunodeficiency Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:37 PM PDT Gene therapy using a modified delivery system, or vector, can restore the immune systems of children with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), a rare, life-threatening inherited condition that primarily affects boys, researchers have discovered.

Healthy lifestyle may cut stroke risk in half for women Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:35 PM PDT Women with a healthy diet and lifestyle may be less likely to have a stroke by more than half, according to a study. The study looked at five factors that make up a healthy lifestyle: healthy diet; moderate alcohol consumption; never smoking; physically active; and healthy body mass index (BMI). Compared with women with none of the five healthy factors, women with all five factors had a 54-percent lower risk of stroke.

More appropriate use of cardiac stress testing with imaging could reduce health costs, improve patient outcomes Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:35 PM PDT Overuse of cardiac stress testing with imaging has led to rising healthcare costs and unnecessary radiation exposure to patients, a study has concluded. Cardiac stress testing, particularly with imaging, has been the focus of debate about rising health care costs, inappropriate use, and patient safety in the context of radiation exposure, researchers note.

World's first novel method for label-free identification of stem cells will lead to more consistent, efficacious stem cell therapies, experts say Posted: 08 Oct 2014 07:13 AM PDT A new technique that identifies rare stem cells from bone marrow giving clinicians an advance in stem-cell treatment of joint, bone and muscle repair, scientists report.

Ensuring polymorphic purity in drugs Posted: 08 Oct 2014 07:13 AM PDT Reliable batch-to-batch formation is crucial for crystalline, active pharmaceutical ingredients as two different polymorphs of the same drug may function very differently in the body. Scientists now report that the surface chemistry of modified glass substrates can influence the nucleation and formation of specific polymorphs of the drug, carbamazepine, within a certain concentration range of supersaturated solutions.

Safe way to manipulate immune cells developed Posted: 08 Oct 2014 07:12 AM PDT The introduction of foreign DNA into human cells through a process known as 'transfection' allows scientists to study gene expression in the laboratory and enables clinicians to treat genetic diseases. The methods commonly used for this procedure work for most cell types, except when it comes to B cells — a group of infection-fighting white blood cells in the immune system that have proven extremely difficult to transfect without the use of viruses. Viruses, however, pose a number of safety issues. An optimized technique now allows B cells to be transfected with extraneous DNA without the use of viruses.

Double blast to ward off pneumonia: Dry powder inhaler formulation Posted: 08 Oct 2014 07:12 AM PDT A dry powder inhaler formulation provides excellent protection against pneumonia-causing bacteria, scientists report. Community-acquired pneumonia, a type of lung inflammation contracted outside of a hospital or nursing-home setting, is most often caused by infections with bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The condition affects people of all ages, but is particularly prevalent among infants, the elderly and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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