ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Drug-infused nanoparticle is right for sore eyes
• What's your status? Health risks of low social status
• Mortality risk of overweight, obesity similar for blacks, whites
• Reproducibility score for SNPs associated with human disease in GWAS
• Grapefruit juice stems weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet, study finds
• Amputees discern familiar sensations across prosthetic hand
• Mind-controlled prosthetic arms that work in daily life are now a reality
• Drug used for another disease slows progression of Parkinson's
• Price gap between more and less healthy foods grows
• Conspicuous tRNA lookalikes riddle the human genome
• Minimally invasive procedures offer hope for elderly patients with heart-valve problems
• Making sure antibiotics work as they should
• Indian government health insurance reduced mortality among poor
• Epigenetic changes caused by binge drinking: Overconsumption of alcohol triggers inflammatory response in the liver
• Fundamental theory about education of immune police questioned by researchers
• Potential link between breast cancer genes, salivary gland cancer
• Dynamic motion of HIV as it readies an attack: Seen in real time, for the first time
• Childhood psychological abuse as harmful as sexual or physical abuse
• Insomnia among older adults may be tied to sleep quality, not duration
• Drug regimen enough to control immune disease after some bone marrow transplants
• Neurons in human muscles emphasize impact of outside world
• Teenage girls exposed to more stressors that increase depression risk
• Dietary fat under fire: Do nutrition guidelines reflect food reality, latest science?
• Gay, bisexual youth can thrive with positive family relationships
• Active aging is much more than exercise
• Robotic surgery: More complications, higher expense for some conditions
• Did fruit contribute to Apple's success?
• Flies with colon cancer help unravel genetic keys to disease in humans
• Gluing chromosomes at the right place
• Combined behavioral support, medication offers smokers best chance of quitting
• 'Recapturable' heart valve tested as alternative to open heart surgery
• Large chain restaurants appear to be voluntarily reducing the calories in their menu items
• Childhood eating difficulties could be a sign of underlying psychological issues
• Schools key to reaching the 1 in 10 children with mental health problems
• Working memory hinders learning in schizophrenia
• Candidate H7N9 avian flu vaccine works better with adjuvant
• It's time to fight sepsis like we fight heart attack, researchers say
• Tobacco use associated with increased risk of oral HPV-16 infection
• E. coli outbreak at hospital in Illinois associated with contaminated specialized gastrointestinal endoscopes
• Studies examine vaccination strategies for prevention, control of avian flu
• Antimicrobial use in hospitals appears to be common
• 'Achilles heel' in metabolic pathway identified, could lead to new treatments for lung cancer
• Sleeping in dentures doubles risk of pneumonia in elderly
• State policies can influence access to heroin treatment, study finds
• Oral chelation for environmental lead toxicity
• Hypoglycemia link to HbA1c has declined in type 1 diabetes
• Even motivated dieters need close access to healthy food
• Live and let-7: microRNA plays surprising role in cell survival

Drug-infused nanoparticle is right for sore eyes Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:40 PM PDT For the millions of sufferers of dry eye syndrome, their only recourse to easing the painful condition is to use drug-laced eye drops three times a day. Now, researchers have developed a topical solution containing nanoparticles that will combat dry eye syndrome with only one application a week.

What's your status? Health risks of low social status Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:40 PM PDT The health risks of low social status are due in part to the chronic psychosocial stress of perceived social subordination, whether by other individuals or by institutions.

Mortality risk of overweight, obesity similar for blacks, whites Posted: 08 Oct 2014 12:37 PM PDT The increased risk of premature death associated with a higher body mass index is similar for African Americans and whites, researchers have concluded. "While recent large studies have examined the relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality in white and Asian populations in the United States, this relationship has not been well-characterized in African Americans," said the first author of the study.

Reproducibility score for SNPs associated with human disease in GWAS Posted: 08 Oct 2014 12:36 PM PDT Nine traits that are not dependent on P values to predict single nucleotide polymorphisms reproducibility in genome-wide association studies and reduce false positives have been identified by researchers. Te empirical model can be used to select SNPs for validation and prioritization, one expert said.

Grapefruit juice stems weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet, study finds Posted: 08 Oct 2014 12:36 PM PDT Mice fed a high-fat diet gained 18 percent less weight when they drank clarified, no-pulp grapefruit juice compared with a control group of mice that drank water, a new study demonstrated. Juice-drinking mice also showed improved levels of glucose, insulin and a type of fat called triacylglycerol compared with their water-drinking counterparts.

Amputees discern familiar sensations across prosthetic hand Posted: 08 Oct 2014 12:36 PM PDT Patients connected to a new prosthetic system said they 'felt' their hands for the first time since they lost them in accidents. In the ensuing months, they began feeling sensations that were familiar and were able to control their prosthetic hands with more -- well -- dexterity.

Mind-controlled prosthetic arms that work in daily life are now a reality Posted: 08 Oct 2014 12:36 PM PDT For the first time, robotic prostheses controlled via implanted neuromuscular interfaces have become a clinical reality. A novel osseointegrated (bone-anchored) implant system gives patients new opportunities in their daily life and professional activities.

Drug used for another disease slows progression of Parkinson's Posted: 08 Oct 2014 12:35 PM PDT A drug being evaluated to treat an entirely different disorder helped slow the progression of Parkinson's disease in mice, a team of researchers has reported. Their study found that the drug, AT2101, which has also been studied for Gaucher disease, improved motor function, stopped inflammation in the brain and reduced levels of alpha-synuclein, a protein critically involved in Parkinson's.

Price gap between more and less healthy foods grows Posted: 08 Oct 2014 11:11 AM PDT Novel use of UK national data finds a growing gap between the prices of more and less healthy foods between 2002 and 2012. Healthy foods in 2012 are three times more expensive per calorie than less healthy foods.

Conspicuous tRNA lookalikes riddle the human genome Posted: 08 Oct 2014 11:09 AM PDT A new discovery suggests that the number of human genomic loci that might be coding for tRNAs is nearly double what is currently known.

Minimally invasive procedures offer hope for elderly patients with heart-valve problems Posted: 08 Oct 2014 11:09 AM PDT Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is used to replace a critically narrowed aortic valve, the valve between the heart and the main artery in the body. TAVR patients' narrowed aortic valves prevent sufficient blood flow. The TAVR procedure is a less invasive treatment, alleviating the narrowing without the need for open-heart surgery. The procedure involving the MitraClip device repairs a valve between the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart, called the mitral valve. The MitraClip is, literally, a clip that pinches the two leafs of the mitral valve together in the center so there is less backflow of blood.

Making sure antibiotics work as they should Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:17 AM PDT Researchers are decoding the structure of the large ribosomal subunit of the mitochondria at an atomic level, thereby providing insight into the molecular architecture of this ribosome with implications for a better understanding of the mode of action of antibiotics.

Indian government health insurance reduced mortality among poor Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:17 AM PDT A government program provided free, targeted health insurance to the poor -- resulting in a significant saving of lives. "This World Bank study clearly shows how this program benefits the health of the poor in Karnataka," said the state's Minister of Health and Family Welfare. "It provides hospital care that the poor would have difficulty receiving without the help of the scheme."

Epigenetic changes caused by binge drinking: Overconsumption of alcohol triggers inflammatory response in the liver Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:16 AM PDT Researchers have identified epigenetic protein changes caused by binge drinking, a discovery that could lead to treatments for alcohol-related liver diseases.

Fundamental theory about education of immune police questioned by researchers Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:16 AM PDT A fundamental theory about how our thymus educates our immune police appears to be wrong, scientists say. The finding provides more insight into immunity that could one day enable a new approach to vaccines that steer the thymus to produce more of whatever T cell type a patient needs: more effector cells if they have a bad infection or cancer, more regulatory T cells if they are experiencing autoimmune diseases like arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Potential link between breast cancer genes, salivary gland cancer Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:14 AM PDT The risk of developing cancer in a salivary gland might be higher in people with mutations in either of two genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer. Salivary gland cancer is rare, but this new study suggests it occurs 17 times more often in people with inherited mutations in genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Dynamic motion of HIV as it readies an attack: Seen in real time, for the first time Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:14 AM PDT Technologies that allow investigators, for the first time, to watch what they call the 'dance' of HIV proteins on the virus' surface, which may contribute to how the virus infects human immune cells, have been developed by scientists. The new technology platform opens new possibilities for devising an approach to prevent HIV infection, note researchers

Childhood psychological abuse as harmful as sexual or physical abuse Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:12 AM PDT Children who are emotionally abused and neglected face similar and sometimes worse mental health problems as children who are physically or sexually abused, yet psychological abuse is rarely addressed in prevention programs or in treating victims, according to a new study.

Insomnia among older adults may be tied to sleep quality, not duration Posted: 08 Oct 2014 10:11 AM PDT Reports of insomnia are common among the elderly, but a new study finds that sleep problems may stem from the quality of rest and other health concerns more than the overall amount of sleep that patients get.

Drug regimen enough to control immune disease after some bone marrow transplants Posted: 08 Oct 2014 09:21 AM PDT A very short course of a chemotherapy drug, called cyclophosphamide, not only can prevent a life-threatening immune response in some bone marrow transplant recipients, but also can eliminate such patients' need for the usual six months of immune suppression medicines commonly prescribed to prevent severe forms of this immune response, cancer researchers report. Patients receive cyclophosphamide for two days after their bone marrow transplant, in addition to two other chemotherapy drugs given before the transplant.

Neurons in human muscles emphasize impact of outside world Posted: 08 Oct 2014 09:21 AM PDT Stretch sensors in our muscles participate in reflexes that serve the subconscious control of posture and movement. According to a new study, these sensors respond weakly to muscle stretch caused by one's voluntary action, and most strongly to stretch that is imposed by external forces. The ability to reflect causality in this manner can facilitate appropriate reflex control and accurate self-perception.

Teenage girls exposed to more stressors that increase depression risk Posted: 08 Oct 2014 09:21 AM PDT Adolescence is often a turbulent time, and it is marked by substantially increased rates of depressive symptoms, especially among girls. New research indicates that this gender difference may be the result of girls' greater exposure to stressful interpersonal events, making them more likely to ruminate, and contributing to their risk of depression.

Dietary fat under fire: Do nutrition guidelines reflect food reality, latest science? Posted: 08 Oct 2014 09:20 AM PDT As there are currently no harmonized dietary guidelines in Canada for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, authors of a new study urge the Canadian nutrition community to revisit the guidelines and develop recommendations that reflect both the current food reality and the latest science.

Gay, bisexual youth can thrive with positive family relationships Posted: 08 Oct 2014 09:19 AM PDT Gay and bisexual youth who are supported by their family and feel comfortable talking to them about their lifestyle are less likely to become involved in high-risk sexual behaviors, according to a recent study.

Active aging is much more than exercise Posted: 08 Oct 2014 09:19 AM PDT The global population is aging rapidly, and the growing numbers of elderly challenge our societal structures, not least the health sector, which is why authorities encourage the elderly to lead active and healthy life styles. But to equate active aging strictly with health is too narrow a focus, new research shows; the elderly can reap many benefits from activities that do not necessarily conform to official life style recommendations -- billiards for instance.

Robotic surgery: More complications, higher expense for some conditions Posted: 08 Oct 2014 09:19 AM PDT For benign gynecologic conditions, robot-assisted surgery involves more complications during surgery and may be significantly more expensive than conventional laparoscopic surgery, according to a study.

Did fruit contribute to Apple's success? Posted: 08 Oct 2014 07:39 AM PDT Steve Jobs swore by a fruit diet, as he believed it improved his ideas. And he wasn't wrong: food with high levels of tyrosine, like bananas, peaches and almonds, allow us to think harder and more creatively.

Flies with colon cancer help unravel genetic keys to disease in humans Posted: 08 Oct 2014 07:14 AM PDT A fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model has been developed that reproduces human colon cancer. Through their work, the scientists have identified a human gene that favors the proliferation of tumour cells in early stages of colon cancer. Flies, it turns out, are useful for faster and more economic drug screening.

Gluing chromosomes at the right place Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:36 AM PDT During cell division, chromosomes acquire a characteristic X-shape with the two DNA molecules (sister chromatids) linked at a central "connection region" that contains highly compacted DNA. It was unknown if rearrangements in this typical X-shape architecture could disrupt the correct separation of chromosomes. A recent study now shows that the dislocation of particular DNA segments perturbs proper chromosome separation. The results of this study raise the possibility that chromosome rearrangements involving these regions, often seen in many cancers, can induce additional errors in cell division and thereby compromise genetic stability.

Combined behavioral support, medication offers smokers best chance of quitting Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:35 AM PDT Numerous randomized clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of the two major forms of smoking cessation treatment -- behavioral support and medication -- in helping smokers quit. Researchers have now demonstrated that this approach can successfully translate to the "real world" and that a combination of the two treatments offers almost a threefold chance of success over attempts to quit without using a cessation aid.

'Recapturable' heart valve tested as alternative to open heart surgery Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:32 AM PDT Medical researchers have announced the implant of the latest minimally-invasive advancement to treat patients with failing aortic heart valves.

Large chain restaurants appear to be voluntarily reducing the calories in their menu items Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:32 AM PDT Large chain restaurants, whose core menu offerings are generally high in calories, fat and sodium, introduced newer food and beverage options that, on average, contain 60 fewer calories than their traditional menu selections in 2012 and 2013.

Childhood eating difficulties could be a sign of underlying psychological issues Posted: 08 Oct 2014 05:31 AM PDT Parents are being warned by scientists that difficult eaters could have underlying psychological issues, as they have found that restrictive behaviors can appear before puberty.

Schools key to reaching the 1 in 10 children with mental health problems Posted: 07 Oct 2014 06:22 PM PDT Schools are a vital way of reaching the 10–20% of children and young people across the globe who would benefit from some sort of mental health intervention, according to new research. The most common disorders in school children are behavioral disorders and anxiety, with depression becoming common later. Untreated depression and other mental health problems affect many different aspects of a young person's development and can lead to school failure and non-attendance, as well as affecting long-term career choices and relationships.

Working memory hinders learning in schizophrenia Posted: 07 Oct 2014 03:42 PM PDT Trouble with working memory makes a distinct contribution to the difficulty people with schizophrenia sometimes have in learning, according to a new study. The researchers employed a specially designed experiment and computational models to distinguish the roles of working memory and reinforcement learning.

Candidate H7N9 avian flu vaccine works better with adjuvant Posted: 07 Oct 2014 01:17 PM PDT An experimental vaccine to protect people against H7N9 avian influenza prompted immune responses in 59 percent of volunteers who received two injections at the lowest dosage tested, but only if the vaccine was mixed with adjuvant -- substance that boosts the body's response to vaccination. Without adjuvant, immune responses produced by the investigational vaccine were minimal regardless of vaccine dosage, according to findings from a clinical trial.

It's time to fight sepsis like we fight heart attack, researchers say Posted: 07 Oct 2014 01:14 PM PDT A decade ago, America's health care community took on heart attacks with gusto, harnessing the power of research and data to make sure that every patient got the best possible care. It worked. Now, say a pair of experts, it's time to do the same for sepsis.

Tobacco use associated with increased risk of oral HPV-16 infection Posted: 07 Oct 2014 01:14 PM PDT Study participants who reported tobacco use or had higher levels of biomarkers of tobacco exposure had a higher prevalence of the sexually transmitted infection, oral human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16), according to a study.

E. coli outbreak at hospital in Illinois associated with contaminated specialized gastrointestinal endoscopes Posted: 07 Oct 2014 01:14 PM PDT Despite no lapses in the disinfection process recommended by the manufacturer being identified, specialized gastrointestinal endoscopes called duodenoscopes had bacterial contamination associated with an outbreak of a highly resistant strain of E coli at a hospital in Illinois, according to a study.

Studies examine vaccination strategies for prevention, control of avian flu Posted: 07 Oct 2014 01:14 PM PDT New vaccination strategies for the prevention and control of avian influenza, often referred to as "bird flu," have been examined by two randomized trials, scientists report.

Antimicrobial use in hospitals appears to be common Posted: 07 Oct 2014 01:14 PM PDT A one-day prevalence survey of 183 hospitals found that approximately 50 percent of hospitalized patients included in the survey were receiving antimicrobial drugs, and that about half of these patients were receiving 2 or more antimicrobial drugs. Most antimicrobial use was for infection treatment.

'Achilles heel' in metabolic pathway identified, could lead to new treatments for lung cancer Posted: 07 Oct 2014 12:25 PM PDT An "Achilles heel" in a metabolic pathway crucial to stopping the growth of lung cancer cells has been identified by researchers. At the heart of this pathway lies PPAR³, a protein that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in normal cells. Researchers demonstrated that by activating PPAR³ with antidiabetic drugs in lung cancer cells, they could stop these tumor cells from dividing.

Sleeping in dentures doubles risk of pneumonia in elderly Posted: 07 Oct 2014 11:45 AM PDT Poor oral health and hygiene are increasingly recognized as major risk factors for pneumonia among the elderly. To identify modifiable oral health-related risk factors, researchers investigated associations between a constellation of oral health behaviors and incidences of pneumonia in the community-living of elders.

State policies can influence access to heroin treatment, study finds Posted: 07 Oct 2014 11:45 AM PDT Abuse of heroin and prescription opioid drugs is growing rapidly, creating a need for more treatment options. A new study finds that state policies can influence the number of physicians licensed to prescribe buprenorphine, a drug that can treat addiction to heroin and other opioids in outpatient settings.

Oral chelation for environmental lead toxicity Posted: 07 Oct 2014 11:45 AM PDT Treatment with dimercaptosuccinic acid, an oral chelation agent, was linked to reductions in the amount of lead in blood in young children in Zamfara State, Nigeria following environmental lead contamination, according to a new study.

Hypoglycemia link to HbA1c has declined in type 1 diabetes Posted: 07 Oct 2014 11:45 AM PDT The link between low average glucose blood levels and greater risk for severe hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma substantially declined between 1995 and 2012 in young Germans and Austrians with type 1 diabetes, according to a new study.

Even motivated dieters need close access to healthy food Posted: 07 Oct 2014 10:14 AM PDT Not having close access to healthy foods can discourage even the most motivated dieters. "The findings of this study support a cornerstone theory of the Mass in Motion program that supportive environments can facilitate behavior change and ultimately improve health," said a co-author.

Live and let-7: microRNA plays surprising role in cell survival Posted: 07 Oct 2014 10:12 AM PDT A microRNA molecule has been identified as a surprisingly crucial player in managing cell survival and growth. The findings underscore the emerging recognition that non-coding RNAs help regulate basic cellular processes and may be key to developing new drugs and therapies.

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