ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Tuberculosis bacteria hide in low oxygen niches of bone marrow stem cells
• Discovery promises new treatments to thwart colon cancer
• Sleep disturbances are common, influenced by race and ethnicity
• Study identifies first genetic mutation associated with Aicardi syndrome
• Thick cortex could be key in Down syndrome
• Child fitness falls further than feared: Not obesity-related
• More evidence for possible link between cocaine use and HIV infection
• Zebrafish provide a novel model to study short bowel syndrome
• Patients give high marks to prepping for surgery online
• Autism: Value of an integrated approach to diagnosis
• Health records and genetic data from more than 100,000 Californians power medical research
• Increased anxiety associated with sitting down
• 'Real world' link between type 2 diabetes, low blood sugar risk
• Climate change won’t reduce winter deaths
• Highly educated women stop smoking if the cost goes up, reports Spanish study
• Scientists turn white fat into obesity-fighting beige fat
• State stroke legislation increases U.S. primary stroke centers
• Parkinson's disease appears associated with many cancers in Taiwan

Tuberculosis bacteria hide in low oxygen niches of bone marrow stem cells Posted: 19 Jun 2015 11:16 AM PDT A new study is helping to shed light on latent tuberculosis and the bacteria's ability to hide in stem cells. Some bone marrow stem cells reside in low oxygen (hypoxia) zones.

Discovery promises new treatments to thwart colon cancer Posted: 19 Jun 2015 11:16 AM PDT Scientists have discovered how an immune system protein, called AIM2 (Absent in Melanoma 2), plays a role in determining the aggressiveness of colon cancer. They found that AIM2 deficiency causes uncontrolled proliferation of intestinal cells. Surprisingly, they also discovered that AIM2 influences the microbiota -- the population of gut bacteria -- apparently fostering the proliferation of 'good' bacteria that can protect against colon cancer.

Sleep disturbances are common, influenced by race and ethnicity Posted: 19 Jun 2015 11:16 AM PDT Sleep disturbances and undiagnosed sleep apnea are common among middle-aged and older adults in the US, and these sleep problems occur more frequently among racial/ethnic minorities, a new study shows.

Study identifies first genetic mutation associated with Aicardi syndrome Posted: 19 Jun 2015 11:16 AM PDT A genetic mutation responsible for a debilitating childhood neurological condition known as Aicardi syndrome has been identified by researchers. They identified mutations to a gene known as TEAD1, which not only affects formation of the brain but also the retina, the part of the eye responsible for helping turn light into nerve impulses.

Thick cortex could be key in Down syndrome Posted: 19 Jun 2015 09:18 AM PDT The thickness of the brain's cerebral cortex could be a key to unlocking answers about intellectual development in youth with Down syndrome. It could also provide new insights to why individuals with this genetic neurodevelopmental disorder are highly susceptible to early onset Alzheimer's disease later in life.

Child fitness falls further than feared: Not obesity-related Posted: 19 Jun 2015 08:47 AM PDT Child fitness levels are falling at an even faster rate than first feared - and this time there is evidence it has nothing to do with obesity.

More evidence for possible link between cocaine use and HIV infection Posted: 19 Jun 2015 07:35 AM PDT New research offers further evidence that cocaine use disrupts the immune system, making people who use it more likely to become infected with HIV.

Zebrafish provide a novel model to study short bowel syndrome Posted: 19 Jun 2015 07:35 AM PDT Investigators are providing new hope for babies with short bowel syndrome (SBS) by developing a novel model of SBS in zebrafish,.

Patients give high marks to prepping for surgery online Posted: 19 Jun 2015 07:33 AM PDT First-time surgery can be concerning to any patient. Knee surgery -- even arthroscopic surgery to treat a torn meniscus -- can require significant preparation and rehabilitation. According to a new study, a web-based tutorial can not only increase a patient's understanding of the surgery but also provide a better experience.

Autism: Value of an integrated approach to diagnosis Posted: 19 Jun 2015 07:33 AM PDT Researchers have combined three clinical, neurophysiological and genetic approaches in order to better understand the brain mechanisms that cause autism. When tested on two families, this strategy enabled the researchers to identify specific gene combinations in autistic patients that distinguished them from patients with intellectual disabilities.

Health records and genetic data from more than 100,000 Californians power medical research Posted: 19 Jun 2015 07:33 AM PDT By volunteering to mail saliva to researchers working with their health care provider, thousands of people in California have helped build one of the nation's most powerful medical research tools. The researchers have now published the first reports describing these volunteers' genetic characteristics, how their self-reported ethnicity relates to genetic ancestry, and details of the innovative methods that allowed them to complete DNA analysis within 14 months.

Increased anxiety associated with sitting down Posted: 19 Jun 2015 05:55 AM PDT Low-energy activities that involve sitting down are associated with an increased risk of anxiety, according to new research. These activities, which include watching TV, working at a computer or playing electronic games, are called sedentary behavior.

'Real world' link between type 2 diabetes, low blood sugar risk Posted: 19 Jun 2015 05:52 AM PDT Hypoglycaemia is an issue amongst people with type 2 diabetes, particularly for those on insulin, yet is still fairly common for other treatment regimens. Now the hypoglycaemic events in the 'real world' type 2 diabetes population have been examined in a first-of-its-kind review. The study highlights the need for patient education to raise awareness of hypoglycaemia and for healthcare professionals to consider a patient's hypoglycaemia risk when prescribing diabetes treatments.

Climate change won’t reduce winter deaths Posted: 19 Jun 2015 05:46 AM PDT In a study that contradicts the received wisdom on health impacts of climate change, scientists say that we shouldn't expect substantial reduction in winter deaths as a result of global warming.

Highly educated women stop smoking if the cost goes up, reports Spanish study Posted: 19 Jun 2015 05:44 AM PDT Cigarette prices and images on cigarette packets have an impact on women in terms of continuing to smoke or quitting. In fact, less educated women are more responsive to pictorial labels on cigarette packets, as revealed by a Spanish study that has analyzed, for the first time, the generation differences among female smokers, a group which, despite policy measures, has not stopped growing.

Scientists turn white fat into obesity-fighting beige fat Posted: 18 Jun 2015 02:42 PM PDT Scientists have shown that berries, grapes and other fruits convert excess white fat into calorie-burning 'beige' fat, providing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity. In the study, mice were fed a high fat diet. Those receiving resveratrol in amounts equivalent to 12 ounces of fruit per day for humans gained about 40 percent less weight than control mice.

State stroke legislation increases U.S. primary stroke centers Posted: 18 Jun 2015 02:41 PM PDT Primary stroke centers have increased dramatically in the last decade and state legislation to enable them is a major factor in potentially improving access to standard stroke care in the United States. State stroke legislation, urbanization, state economic output, and larger hospital size are four factors that increase the likelihood of a hospital becoming a certified primary stroke center.

Parkinson's disease appears associated with many cancers in Taiwan Posted: 18 Jun 2015 09:21 AM PDT Parkinson's disease appeared associated with 16 types of cancer in a study in Taiwan, an effort to explain the association in an East Asian population because most prior research has been conducted in Western populations.

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