ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Imaging glucose uptake activity inside single cells
• Researchers discover a possible reason for drug resistance in breast tumors
• Improved way to interpret high-throughput biological data
• New malaria treatment thwarts parasite resistance
• Human heart-on-a-chip screens drugs for potential benefit, harm
• Some like it sweet, others not so much: It's partly in the genes
• Health-care providers hold biases based on sexual orientation, study says
• Health researchers far behind industry using automation, leaves critical research unfunded
• Researchers identify genetic markers linking risk for both type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease
• New conductor takes centre stage in the early embryo
• How can you plan for events that are unlikely, hard to predict and highly disruptive should they occur?
• Want to avoid divorce? Wait to get married, but not too long, says researcher
• Burden of dengue, chikungunya in India far worse than understood
• Innovative physical education curriculum triples rate at which students pass a state physical fitness test
• Lipid enzyme heightens insulin sensitivity, potential therapy to treat Type 2 diabetes
• Oskar's structure revealed
• Iron regulators join war on pathogens
• Why bad genes don't always lead to bad diseases
• Dermatologist offers unique treatment for vitiligo skin discoloration
• Job strain linked to increased sick leave due to mental disorders
• Lower risk treatment for blood clots 'empowers' patients, improves care
• Unprecedented gigapixel multicolor microscope: Powerful new tool to advance drug research
• Clarifying prefrontal neurons' roles in flexible behavior
• Increased radiation offers no survival benefit for patients with low-risk prostate cancer
• Scientists solve breast, ovarian cancer genetic mystery

Imaging glucose uptake activity inside single cells Posted: 17 Jul 2015 08:07 PM PDT A new approach to visualize glucose uptake activity in single living cells by light microscopy with minimum disturbance has been described by researchers. The team developed a new glucose analogue that can mimic the natural glucose, and imaged its uptake as energy source by living cancer cells, neurons and tissues at the single cell level.

Researchers discover a possible reason for drug resistance in breast tumors Posted: 17 Jul 2015 12:36 PM PDT Amplified levels of HER2 membrane proteins drive unrestricted cell growth in certain types of breast cancer. HER2-tailored antibody-based therapeutics aim to prevent cancer cell growth. However, two-thirds of the patients develop resistance against such therapeutics. Why, is not yet understood. Researchers now found out that HER2 dimers appeared to be absent from a small sub-population of resting SKBR3 breast cancer cells. This subpopulation may have self-renewing properties and thus may be resistant to antibody therapy.

Improved way to interpret high-throughput biological data Posted: 17 Jul 2015 09:03 AM PDT A recent study reveals a novel workflow, identifying associations between molecules to provide insights into cellular metabolism and gene expression in complex biological systems.

New malaria treatment thwarts parasite resistance Posted: 17 Jul 2015 07:14 AM PDT As increasing resistance in parasites undermines the effectiveness of current drugs, two new compounds are raising hopes in the ongoing battle against malaria, scientists report.

Human heart-on-a-chip screens drugs for potential benefit, harm Posted: 17 Jul 2015 06:23 AM PDT A novel system for growing cardiac tissue from undifferentiated stem cells on a culture plate has been developed by scientists. This heart on a chip is a miniature physiologic system that could be used to model early heart development and screen drugs prescribed during pregnancy.

Some like it sweet, others not so much: It's partly in the genes Posted: 17 Jul 2015 06:19 AM PDT A single set of genes accounts for approximately 30 percent of person-to-person variance in sweet taste perception, regardless of whether the sweetener is a natural sugar or a non-caloric sugar substitute, a new study suggests.

Health-care providers hold biases based on sexual orientation, study says Posted: 16 Jul 2015 03:09 PM PDT In the first study that looks at a variety of health-care providers and their implicit attitudes towards lesbian women and gay men, researchers found there is widespread implicit bias toward lesbian women and gay men. The study finds that moderate to strong implicit preferences for straight people over lesbian and gay people are widespread among heterosexual providers.

Health researchers far behind industry using automation, leaves critical research unfunded Posted: 16 Jul 2015 03:09 PM PDT The National Institutes of Health has experienced funding cuts even as the number of scientists has grown significantly. University laboratories are closing, faculty positions are being cut, less life-saving research is being conducted, and researchers are spending considerably more time writing grants, and much less time actually doing research. More efficient means of conducting research will be needed if scientific progress is to continue, experts say in a new report.

Researchers identify genetic markers linking risk for both type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease Posted: 16 Jul 2015 01:10 PM PDT A study sheds light on the influences of genetics on why some type 2 diabetics are at high risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. While previous studies strongly suggested a causative role of diabetes in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease dementia, the specific mechanistic interactions connecting diabetes and Alzheimer's disease had not been previously described.

New conductor takes centre stage in the early embryo Posted: 16 Jul 2015 11:21 AM PDT A gene called Jarid2, may play a wider role than previously thought in co-ordinating the way that stem cells change in a developing embryo to form the specialized cells that make up our bodies.

How can you plan for events that are unlikely, hard to predict and highly disruptive should they occur? Posted: 16 Jul 2015 11:20 AM PDT The Ebola epidemic and resulting international public health emergency is referred to as a "Black Swan" event in medical circles because of its unpredictable and impactful nature. However, a new paper suggests that the response of the Chicago Ebola Response Network (CERN) in 2014-2015 has laid a foundation and a roadmap for how a regional public health network can anticipate, manage and prevent the next Black Swan public health event.

Want to avoid divorce? Wait to get married, but not too long, says researcher Posted: 16 Jul 2015 11:19 AM PDT A new analysis finds those who tie the knot after their early 30s are now more likely to divorce than those who marry in their late 20s. Past the early 30s, the odds of divorce increase by 5 percent per year of age at marriage--but it's not clear why.

Burden of dengue, chikungunya in India far worse than understood Posted: 16 Jul 2015 11:19 AM PDT New evidence shows an extremely high number of people in southern India are exposed to two mosquito-borne viruses -- dengue and chikungunya. These findings, the researchers say, reinforce the need for officials to be on the lookout for these diseases and to find ways to control its spread not only in India but also around the world.

Innovative physical education curriculum triples rate at which students pass a state physical fitness test Posted: 16 Jul 2015 11:16 AM PDT A physical education program that brings commercial-grade fitness equipment to under-resourced schools, along with a curriculum based on boosting confidence and making participation more enjoyable, dramatically increases students' performance on California's standardized physical fitness test, a study has found.

Lipid enzyme heightens insulin sensitivity, potential therapy to treat Type 2 diabetes Posted: 16 Jul 2015 10:52 AM PDT Reducing high concentrations of a fatty molecule that is commonly found in people with diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rapidly improves insulin sensitivity, research shows.

Oskar's structure revealed Posted: 16 Jul 2015 10:52 AM PDT The 3-D-structure of essential domains of the Oskar protein has been revealed.The findings provide the first molecular insight into how Oskar protein performs its essential function for development. The study in fruit flies has implications for humans and other animals.

Iron regulators join war on pathogens Posted: 16 Jul 2015 10:52 AM PDT Iron regulatory proteins play an important role in the body's immune system. Proteins responsible for controlling levels of iron in the body also play an important role in combating infection, according to a new study. Humans -- along with all living organisms, including pathogens -- need iron to survive: invading organisms try to highjack it from their hosts in order to thrive and multiply.

Why bad genes don't always lead to bad diseases Posted: 16 Jul 2015 10:51 AM PDT That two people with the same disease-causing mutation do not get sick to the same extent has been puzzling scientists for decades. Now researchers have uncovered a key part of what makes every patient different. The finding advances ability to predict how severe any inherited genetic diseases will be in each affected person, a key insight into human disease.

Dermatologist offers unique treatment for vitiligo skin discoloration Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:47 AM PDT A dermatologist has improved a technique to transplant pigment cells that can repair the affected area of skin discoloration from vitiligo. Vitiligo affects about 2 million people in the United States. Vitiligo occurs when the body is triggered to look at melanocytes, cells which give color to the skin, as foreign or abnormal. With vitiligo, the body's own immune system starts attacking those cells, which is why it's considered an autoimmune disease.

Job strain linked to increased sick leave due to mental disorders Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:47 AM PDT Workers with high job demands and job strain are at increased risk of sick leave due to mental disorders, reports a study. Risk was also increased for workers with job strain, defined as high job demands with low control; and "iso-strain," defined as high demands and low control plus low levels of social support at work.

Lower risk treatment for blood clots 'empowers' patients, improves care Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:44 AM PDT Emergency department researchers at the Indiana University School of Medicine found positive results and cost savings from treating patients with potentially fatal blood clots with rivaroxaban verses heparin and warfarin.

Unprecedented gigapixel multicolor microscope: Powerful new tool to advance drug research Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:44 AM PDT Researchers demonstrate unprecedented multispectral microscope, capable of processing nearly 17 billion pixels, the largest such microscopic image ever created, to advance drug research.

Clarifying prefrontal neurons' roles in flexible behavior Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:43 AM PDT Results of a new study suggest that adjusting behavior based on previous events involves an unexpected mix of neurons working together in the brain's prefrontal cortex. The authors say this new understanding in rats may in the future help to inform research on how these brain systems may be disrupted in human psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or addiction, both characterized by an impaired ability to adjust one's actions based on events.

Increased radiation offers no survival benefit for patients with low-risk prostate cancer Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:41 AM PDT Increased radiation dose is associated with higher survival rates in men with medium- and high-risk prostate cancer, but not men with low-risk prostate cancer, according to a new study.

Scientists solve breast, ovarian cancer genetic mystery Posted: 16 Jul 2015 09:38 AM PDT Scientists have solved a decades-old mystery and helped to unravel the genetic cause of some breast and ovarian cancers, according to new research. Following a five-year study in nematode worms, researchers have uncovered how key proteins can switch on a protein called RAD51, allowing it to repair cancer-causing DNA damage in cells.

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