ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• A toddler with type 2 diabetes
• Antidepressant was misrepresented as safe for adolescents
• Research team pinpoints immune changes in blood of melanoma patients on PD-1 drugs that put potential biomarker within reach
• Microbiome implicated in sickle cell disease; antibiotics can counter its effects
• Subtle variations in expression of imprinted genes to explain newborn health outcomes
• Impact of shift in testing guidelines for assessing HER2 status in breast cancer patients
• Epidemiologist says suicide, death from intentional self-injury is greatly underestimated in U.S.
• Some evidence of link between stress, Alzheimer's disease discovered
• New catalyst yields more accurate PSA test
• International team discovers natural defense against HIV
• Twin study suggests genetic factors contribute to insomnia in adults
• Cancer remains leading cause of death in U.S. Hispanics, report shows
• Antibacterial soap no more effective than plain soap at reducing bacterial contamination
• Rejection increases emotional problems in foster children
• Do American adolescents approve of marijuana?
• Using ultrasound to clean medical instruments
• The black box at the beginning of life
• Dominant strain of drug-resistant MRSA decreases in hospitals, but persists in community
• Gene responsible for metastasis of breast cancer to the bone identified
• Tiny silica particles could be used to repair damaged teeth, research shows
• What happens on the molecular level when smog gets into the lungs?
• New approach to mammograms could improve reliability
• Researchers identify protein to help predict who will respond to PD-1 immunotherapy for melanoma
• No long term effects of antidepressant use during pregnancy
• New method could help nurses spot delirium quickly
• Scientists discover how cells overpower cancer drug
• Having no garden access for young children linked to childhood obesity later in childhood, English study shows
• Large-scale treatment of parasitic-worm disease cost-effective
• Diet, exercise, smoking habits and genes interact to affect AMD risk
• Cohort study explores association between SSRI use and violent crime
• Head lice super strain causes concern as kids head back to the classroom
• Technique dating back to 1935 recovered for cancer research
• Whole-body PET scan with new imaging agent can locate hidden blood clots
• Factors for higher risk of death following hip fracture surgery than hip replacement
• Sex differences in academic faculty rank, institutional support for biomedical research
• Immune cells may help fight against obesity

A toddler with type 2 diabetes Posted: 16 Sep 2015 06:55 PM PDT New research details the case of a 3-year old girl with type 2 diabetes -- thought to be one of the youngest ever people to present with the condition.

Antidepressant was misrepresented as safe for adolescents Posted: 16 Sep 2015 03:51 PM PDT A new study has found that a psychiatric drug claimed to be a safe and effective treatment for depression in adolescents is actually ineffective and associated with serious side effects.

Research team pinpoints immune changes in blood of melanoma patients on PD-1 drugs that put potential biomarker within reach Posted: 16 Sep 2015 11:54 AM PDT A simple blood test can detect early markers of "reinvigorated" T cells and track immune responses in metastatic melanoma patients after initial treatment with the anti-PD-1 drug pembrolizumab, scientists report.

Microbiome implicated in sickle cell disease; antibiotics can counter its effects Posted: 16 Sep 2015 11:34 AM PDT New research on sickle cell disease (SCD) has found that using antibiotics to deplete the body's microbiome may prevent acute sickle cell crisis and could offer the first effective strategy for warding off the disease's long-term complications, such as organ failure. The study could also lead to better treatment for other inflammatory blood-vessel disorders including septic shock.

Subtle variations in expression of imprinted genes to explain newborn health outcomes Posted: 16 Sep 2015 10:37 AM PDT In the first and largest studies to examine subtle variation of imprinted gene expression and control, investigators report on a subgroup of imprinted genes expressed in the placenta.

Impact of shift in testing guidelines for assessing HER2 status in breast cancer patients Posted: 16 Sep 2015 10:36 AM PDT Accurately determining HER2 status in patients with breast cancer is a critical prognostic and predictive factor and identifies patients who may benefit from treatment with anti-HER2 therapies.

Epidemiologist says suicide, death from intentional self-injury is greatly underestimated in U.S. Posted: 16 Sep 2015 10:36 AM PDT Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States -- greater even than traffic crashes. A professor of epidemiology says the problem is bigger and proposes a way to address it.

Some evidence of link between stress, Alzheimer's disease discovered Posted: 16 Sep 2015 09:55 AM PDT More evidence of a link between the brain's stress response and a protein related to Alzheimer's disease has been uncovered by a team of researchers. The research, conducted on a mouse model and in human cells, found that a stress-coping hormone released by the brain boosts the production of protein fragments.

New catalyst yields more accurate PSA test Posted: 16 Sep 2015 09:55 AM PDT Chemists have developed a catalyst that improves the sensitivity of the standard PSA test over 100-fold. The catalyst is made of palladium nanocubes coated with iridium.

International team discovers natural defense against HIV Posted: 16 Sep 2015 09:55 AM PDT A new natural defense against HIV infection has been discovered by researchers. The team's discovery focuses on ERManI, a protein that prevents the HIV virus from replicating.

Twin study suggests genetic factors contribute to insomnia in adults Posted: 16 Sep 2015 09:55 AM PDT A new study of twins suggests that insomnia in adults is partially explained by genetic factors, and this heritability is higher in females than in males. According to the authors, this is the first study to examine the genetic and environmental influences on insomnia symptoms in adults in a longitudinal, representative twin sample.

Cancer remains leading cause of death in U.S. Hispanics, report shows Posted: 16 Sep 2015 09:54 AM PDT While cancer is the second leading cause of death overall in the United States, it remains the leading cause of death among US Hispanics, according to a new report.

Antibacterial soap no more effective than plain soap at reducing bacterial contamination Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:30 AM PDT Using antibacterial soap when hand-washing is no more effective than using plain soap, according to a new paper. The study examined the effect of triclosan (the most commonly used active antiseptic ingredient used in soap) on bacteria.

Rejection increases emotional problems in foster children Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:30 AM PDT A study carried out in Spain analyses the variables involved in behavioral problems of children in foster care. The study concludes that emotional relationships and educational style are key to reducing problems with children and the strain on foster families.

Do American adolescents approve of marijuana? Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:30 AM PDT Groundbreaking research suggests that adolescents have become less likely to approve of and use marijuana over the last decade when compared to young adults. This is coming during a time where a majority of Americans support the full legalization of marijuana, according to a 2013 poll.

Using ultrasound to clean medical instruments Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:29 AM PDT A pioneering ultrasonic device can significantly improve the cleaning of medical instruments and reduce contamination and risk of infection, researchers have demonstrated. StarStream makes water more efficient for cleaning by creating tiny bubbles which automatically scrub surfaces. The device supplies a gentle stream of water through a nozzle that generates ultrasound and bubbles, which dramatically improve the cleaning power of water reducing the need for additives and heating.

The black box at the beginning of life Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:27 AM PDT Life begins with an egg and a sperm: that much is clear. But how do these 'germ cells' form, and how do they pass genetic traits from one generation to the next? Researchers have created a lab-based human germ cell development model that should shed light on these basic questions.

Dominant strain of drug-resistant MRSA decreases in hospitals, but persists in community Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:26 AM PDT The incidence of the most common strain of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has decreased in hospital-onset cases, but has failed to decline in the broader community, according to new research.

Gene responsible for metastasis of breast cancer to the bone identified Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:26 AM PDT Physicians currently have no tools to help them detect which breast cancer patients will suffer metastasis to the bone, a process that occurs in 15-20 percent of cases. A new study has uncovered a gene that allows breast cancer cells to invade bones and create new tumors, or to metastasize.

Tiny silica particles could be used to repair damaged teeth, research shows Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:26 AM PDT Researchers have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth and preventing the onset of tooth decay.

What happens on the molecular level when smog gets into the lungs? Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:25 AM PDT Coughing. A sore throat. Maybe a pain in your chest as you take a deep breath. These are all common symptoms for many city-living people when smog levels are high. And while it is well understood that smog can cause such problems, new research has for the first time given us a glimpse as to what might be happening at the molecular level.

New approach to mammograms could improve reliability Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:24 AM PDT Detecting breast cancer in women with dense mammary tissues could become more reliable with a new mammogram procedure that researchers have now tested in pre-clinical studies of mice. Scientists describe injecting gold nanoparticles in mammary tissue to enhance the imaging of early signs of breast cancer.

Researchers identify protein to help predict who will respond to PD-1 immunotherapy for melanoma Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:24 AM PDT Researchers have identified a protein marker whose frequency may predict patient response to PD-1 blockade immunotherapy for melanoma.

No long term effects of antidepressant use during pregnancy Posted: 16 Sep 2015 08:24 AM PDT The use of antidepressants during pregnancy has no long term neurodevelopmental or behavioral effects on the child, however they may be associated with an increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage, suggests the findings from three new studies.

New method could help nurses spot delirium quickly Posted: 15 Sep 2015 06:15 PM PDT Asking just two questions may be able to help nurses and doctors quickly and easily identify delirium in hospitalized older adults, according to health researchers. Delirium is a reversible cognitive condition that can be resolved if caught and treated early.

Scientists discover how cells overpower cancer drug Posted: 15 Sep 2015 06:15 PM PDT Scientists have found how cells adapt to overcome cancer drugs designed to interfere with their genetic controls, according to a new study. Researchers say that these findings could help develop future therapies that override the survival mechanism in tumor types that don't respond.

Having no garden access for young children linked to childhood obesity later in childhood, English study shows Posted: 15 Sep 2015 06:13 PM PDT A study of 6,467 children from England shows that having no access to a garden at age 3-5 years is linked to an increased risk developing obesity by age 7 years.

Large-scale treatment of parasitic-worm disease cost-effective Posted: 15 Sep 2015 06:13 PM PDT Researchers are calling for an urgent re-evaluation of global guidelines for the treatment of parasitic-worm diseases in light of a new study showing that large-scale treatment programs are highly cost-effective.

Diet, exercise, smoking habits and genes interact to affect AMD risk Posted: 15 Sep 2015 01:25 PM PDT People with a genetic predisposition for age-related macular degeneration significantly increased their odds of developing the blinding eye disorder if they had a history of heavy smoking and consistently did not exercise or eat enough fruits and vegetables, according to an observational study of women.

Cohort study explores association between SSRI use and violent crime Posted: 15 Sep 2015 01:24 PM PDT Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use is modestly associated with violent crime, according to a new study. The study showed in subgroup analysis that this association was evident in participants aged 15-24, but not significant for individuals aged 25 and older.

Head lice super strain causes concern as kids head back to the classroom Posted: 15 Sep 2015 11:16 AM PDT Reports of a super strain of head lice have many parents concerned as kids head back to the classrooms for the new school year. The dreaded "lice letter" that comes home in backpacks when lice is found in a classroom is causing even greater anxiety this year, as the bugs are becoming more resistant to over-the-counter shampoos and medications. A lice infestation is about as common as a cold, but trying to rid your life of them is even more of a head-scratcher than the bugs themselves.

Technique dating back to 1935 recovered for cancer research Posted: 15 Sep 2015 11:10 AM PDT A study describes a forgotten technique used in the fly Drosophila melanogaster dating back 80 years. This method allows the transplantation of tissue from larvae to adult flies, thus allowing research into tumor growth and other biological processes of biomedical interest, such as tissue regeneration.

Whole-body PET scan with new imaging agent can locate hidden blood clots Posted: 15 Sep 2015 10:58 AM PDT A novel radiopharmaceutical probe has the potential of providing physicians with information that could save the lives of patients with ischemic stroke or pulmonary embolism -- conditions caused when important blood vessels are blocked by a clot that has traveled from another part of the body.

Factors for higher risk of death following hip fracture surgery than hip replacement Posted: 15 Sep 2015 10:54 AM PDT Patients undergoing surgery for a hip fracture were older and had more medical conditions than patients who underwent an elective total hip replacement, factors that may contribute to the higher risk of in-hospital death and major postoperative complications experienced by hip fracture surgery patients, according to a new study.

Sex differences in academic faculty rank, institutional support for biomedical research Posted: 15 Sep 2015 10:54 AM PDT Women are less likely than men to be full professors at US medical schools, and receive less start-up support from their institutions for biomedical research, according to two new studies.

Immune cells may help fight against obesity Posted: 15 Sep 2015 10:54 AM PDT While a healthy lifestyle and 'good genes' are known to help prevent obesity, new research indicates that certain aspects of the immune system may also play an important role. In the new study, scientists observed that mice lacking a particular type of immune cell gained excess weight and developed metabolic abnormalities even when they consumed a standard diet.

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