ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Drug combination improves progression-free survival in melanoma patients
• Hormonal therapy may prevent ovarian failure and preserve fertility in breast cancer
• Combining 2 targeted therapies results in melanoma patients living significantly longer
• Post diagnosis aspirin improves survival in all gastrointestinal cancers, study suggests
• Atezolizumab set to change refractory lung cancer treatment
• Everolimus improves progression-free survival for patients with advanced, nonfuctional neuroendocrine tumors
• Differences between tumors of younger and older colorectal cancer patients
• Treatment of elderly breast cancer patients varies between different European countries
• Genetic screening of brain metastases could reveal new targets for treatment
• Rare cancer responds unusually well to new treatment: Results from the NETTER-1 trial
• Results of international trial show promise in rare, difficult to treat cancer: Results from the RADIANT-4 trial
• Lung cancer survival rates improve with CT scan follow-up
• Infections in childhood could provide clues to disease development in later life
• Differences found between smokers and non-smokers who develop lung cancer
• Walking quieter routes to work can avoid peaks in air pollution
• COPD heightens deadly lung cancer risk in smokers
• Survival advantage with immune checkpoint inhibitor for advanced kidney cancer patients
• Primary surgery is linked with survival benefit in patients with advanced throat cancer
• Cabozantinib improves survival in patients with advanced kidney cancer: Results from the METEOR trial
• Nivolumab improves overall survival in patients with advanced kidney cancer: Results from the CheckMate 025 trial
• Childhood cancers in Europe: Progress has been made, but much remains to be done
• The Lancet Oncology: Tackling the global shortfall in radiotherapy could save millions of lives and boost the economy of poorer countries
• Should I stay or should I go? On the importance of aversive memories and the endogenous cannabinoid
• Significant genetic differences between breast cancers that relapse and those that do not: Better treatment
• Inflammatory response may fan the flame of dietary fats' role in obesity-related diseases

Drug combination improves progression-free survival in melanoma patients Posted: 27 Sep 2015 06:42 PM PDT Patients with advanced melanoma skin cancer survive for longer without their disease progressing if they have been treated with a combination of two drugs, nivolumab and ipilimumab, than with either of these drugs alone. New results show that these patients also do better regardless of their age, stage of disease and whether or not they have a cancer-driving mutation in the BRAF gene.

Hormonal therapy may prevent ovarian failure and preserve fertility in breast cancer Posted: 27 Sep 2015 06:42 PM PDT Young women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer may be more likely to remain fertile if they also receive hormonal treatment.

Combining 2 targeted therapies results in melanoma patients living significantly longer Posted: 27 Sep 2015 06:42 PM PDT Latest results from a trial of a combination of two targeted therapies (dabrafenib and trametinib) to treat advanced melanoma have shown that patients are living significantly longer on the combined therapy than patients treated with another drug, vemurafenib, when used alone.

Post diagnosis aspirin improves survival in all gastrointestinal cancers, study suggests Posted: 27 Sep 2015 06:42 PM PDT Aspirin improves survival in patients with tumors situated throughout the gastrointestinal tract, results from a large study show.

Atezolizumab set to change refractory lung cancer treatment Posted: 27 Sep 2015 09:01 AM PDT Atezolizumab is set to substantially change treatment strategies for patients with refractory lung cancer, according to new research.

Everolimus improves progression-free survival for patients with advanced, nonfuctional neuroendocrine tumors Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT In an international Phase III randomized study, everolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, has shown to dramatically improve progression-free survival for patients with advanced, nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumors of the lung and gastrointestinal tract.

Differences between tumors of younger and older colorectal cancer patients Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT Tumors in younger colorectal cancer patients may be molecularly distinct from those of older patients, and that these differences are related to the way genes are switched on and off (epigenetics) in the tumors of the younger patients and may lead to better treatment options.

Treatment of elderly breast cancer patients varies between different European countries Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT The largest international comparison of the treatment of elderly patients with breast cancer has shown there are substantial differences in the use of surgery, hormone therapy and chemotherapy between European countries.

Genetic screening of brain metastases could reveal new targets for treatment Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT Unravelling the genetic sequences of cancer that has spread to the brain could offer unexpected targets for effective treatment.

Rare cancer responds unusually well to new treatment: Results from the NETTER-1 trial Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT Results from a multi-center randomized international trial of an innovative treatment show a marked improvement in the length of time patients with mid-gut neuroendocrine tumors live without the disease getting worse.

Results of international trial show promise in rare, difficult to treat cancer: Results from the RADIANT-4 trial Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT An international team of researchers has shown that the use of the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, can delay tumour growth among both gastrointestinal and lung neuroendocrine tumours. This is particularly important for patients with lung NETs because there is currently no approved treatment for such cases.

Lung cancer survival rates improve with CT scan follow-up Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT Patients with recurrent lung cancer have better post-surgery survival rates if their management includes a follow-up program based on computer tomography of the chest, according to new findings.

Infections in childhood could provide clues to disease development in later life Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT The interaction between infections and the microbiota during infancy in the lungs could help provide clues to disease development later in life, according to the findings of a new study.

Differences found between smokers and non-smokers who develop lung cancer Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT Tobacco smoke is known to be the main risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although non-smokers can get it too. The incidence among non-smokers is increasing in many countries. Now a group of researchers has found significant differences in clinical particularities and survival between smokers and non-smokers who develop NSCLC.

Walking quieter routes to work can avoid peaks in air pollution Posted: 27 Sep 2015 08:55 AM PDT Commuting to work by walking on quieter side streets rather than main roads can help people avoid exposure to peaks in harmful air pollution, according to new research.

COPD heightens deadly lung cancer risk in smokers Posted: 26 Sep 2015 04:18 PM PDT Smokers who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder may face nearly twice the risk of getting small cell lung cancer -- the deadliest form of lung cancer -- than smokers who don't have COPD, according to a large worldwide study.

Survival advantage with immune checkpoint inhibitor for advanced kidney cancer patients Posted: 26 Sep 2015 04:17 PM PDT For the first time, an immune checkpoint inhibitor has been proven to increase survival among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, a patient population for whom treatment options are currently limited.

Primary surgery is linked with survival benefit in patients with advanced throat cancer Posted: 26 Sep 2015 04:17 PM PDT Patients with cancers of the mid- and lower throat may have higher survival rates if their initial treatment includes surgery, according to new research presented to the 2015 European Cancer Congress on Saturday.

Cabozantinib improves survival in patients with advanced kidney cancer: Results from the METEOR trial Posted: 26 Sep 2015 04:17 PM PDT Patients with advanced kidney cancer live for nearly twice as long without their disease progressing if they are treated with cabozantinib, a drug that inhibits the action of tyrosine kinases -- enzymes that function as an 'on' or 'off' switch in many cellular processes, including cancer. The research will be presented in the presidential session of the 2015 European Cancer Congress on Saturday.

Nivolumab improves overall survival in patients with advanced kidney cancer: Results from the CheckMate 025 trial Posted: 26 Sep 2015 04:17 PM PDT The targeted drug nivolumab significantly prolongs survival in patients with advanced kidney cancer, whose disease has progressed after their first treatment, according to results to be presented at the 2015 European Cancer Congress on Saturday and published simultaneously in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Childhood cancers in Europe: Progress has been made, but much remains to be done Posted: 26 Sep 2015 04:17 PM PDT Each year in Europe, 6,000 young people die from cancer, and two-thirds of those who survive suffer from treatment-related side effects. Although there has been considerable progress in the treatment of childhood cancers over the past few decades, and cancer in childhood is rare, these are major problems that need to be overcome, says a report from SIOPE, the European Society for Paediatric Oncology.

The Lancet Oncology: Tackling the global shortfall in radiotherapy could save millions of lives and boost the economy of poorer countries Posted: 26 Sep 2015 04:17 PM PDT Millions of people are dying from potentially treatable cancers like breast and prostate because of a chronic underinvestment in radiotherapy resources, according to a major new Commission on access to radiotherapy, published in The Lancet Oncology, and being presented at the 2015 European Cancer Congress in Vienna, Austria.

Should I stay or should I go? On the importance of aversive memories and the endogenous cannabinoid Posted: 25 Sep 2015 10:14 AM PDT Memory is not a simple box of souvenirs; it is also, and most importantly, a safety system for organisms. With the help of negative memories, known as "aversive" memories, we can avoid a threat that we have already confronted. Researchers have discovered that the cannabinoid receptors of the brain control these memories that are crucial for survival.

Significant genetic differences between breast cancers that relapse and those that do not: Better treatment Posted: 24 Sep 2015 03:49 PM PDT Researchers have taken an important step towards understanding why some primary breast cancers return while others do not. The European Cancer Congress will hear that genetic factors driving the cancers that recur are different from those found in the cancers that do not. This discovery could enable doctors to identify patients at high risk of their cancer returning and to target the genes responsible for recurrence when the cancer is first diagnosed in order to prevent its return.

Inflammatory response may fan the flame of dietary fats' role in obesity-related diseases Posted: 24 Sep 2015 11:29 AM PDT A new study finds that an enhanced inflammatory response could be the key link between high saturated fat intake -- a recognized risk factor for obesity-related disorders -- and the development of diseases like type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.

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