السبت، 21 نوفمبر 2015

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

New biomarker predicts development of preeclampsia at six weeks of pregnancy

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 07:41 AM PST

Preeclampsia is generally diagnosed later in pregnancy, but new research reports that the protein copeptin can predict the development of preeclampsia as early as six weeks of gestation. The findings could lead to diagnosis of the disorder in the first trimester, improving care and potentially leading to the development of preventative measures.

Sunday the day of rest for fires, study suggests

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 07:40 AM PST

Fires are more prevalent on a Tuesday and less likely on a Sunday, according to a new study, which highlights the dramatic effect humans, religion and culture have on the global climate.

Personalized drug screening on horizon for multiple myeloma patients

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 07:40 AM PST

A personalized method for testing the effectiveness of drugs that treat multiple myeloma may predict quickly and more accurately the best treatments for individual patients with the bone marrow cancer. The process also may aid patients with leukemia or lymphoma.

Decreasing mental health services increases mental health emergencies

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 07:40 AM PST

Countywide reductions in psychiatric services -- both inpatient and outpatient -- led to more than triple the number of emergency psychiatric consults and 55 percent increases in lengths of stay for psychiatric patients in the emergency department, concludes a new study.

Surprising signal to control male fertility

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 07:37 AM PST

Sperm cells mature during their transit in the epididymis and thus acquire their ability to fertilize ova. Scientists have now discovered that signaling molecules of the Wnt family coordinate this maturation process. A surprising finding is that Wnt signaling, which is extremely important in embryonic development, acts upon spermatozoa in a way that differs from the known one.

High frequency stimulation in pain medicine

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 06:44 AM PST

Due to disease-related changes in their brain, pain patients often suffer from an impaired tactile ability in their hands. In a new study, high frequency repetitive stimulation was investigated as a therapeutic approach for these patients. The results of this study show that passive stimulation of this kind is a promising new therapy option.

Sea traffic pollutes our lungs more than previously thought

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 06:41 AM PST

New data show that the air along the coasts is full of hazardous nanoparticles from sea traffic. Almost half of the measured particles stem from sea traffic emissions, while the rest is deemed to be mainly from cars but also industries and natural particles from the sea.

How fast you move can predict how healthy you'll be

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 06:41 AM PST

Instead of focusing on drawing out the length of life, researchers have created a tool that can be used for accurately predicting lifespan as well as assessing the current health state, and discovered the regulatory mechanism that extends "healthspan", the time in which an organism is at its optimal health.

ADHD meds may be a prescription for bullying

Posted: 20 Nov 2015 06:21 AM PST

Kids and teens who take medications like Ritalin to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are twice as likely to be physically or emotionally bullied by peers than those who don't have ADHD.

Moderate amounts of caffeine during pregnancy do not harm baby's IQ, study suggests

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:14 PM PST

Women drinking and eating moderate amounts of caffeine during pregnancy should be reassured that they are not harming their child's intelligence, according to a new study.

Majority of car-pedestrian deaths happen to those in wheelchairs, often at intersections

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:14 PM PST

An investigation into how often wheelchair users are killed in car-pedestrian crashes finds they are a third more likely to die than non-wheelchair users; more than half of those deaths occur at intersections.

British hospitals face serious shortage of liver specialists

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:14 PM PST

Fewer than one in three hospitals employ a full-time doctor who specializes in liver medicine, according to a survey of 144 hospitals in the UK. The results suggest that staffing levels for liver specialists are worryingly low in some regions, and that patient outcomes may be suffering as a result.

Speaking multiple languages linked to better cognitive functions after stroke

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:14 PM PST

Bilingual patients were twice as likely as those who spoke one language to have normal cognitive function after a stroke. Bilingual patients performed better than single language patients on attention, information retrieval and organization.

Chemical engineers have figured out how to make vaccines faster

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 08:35 AM PST

A new system has been created to speed up the process of making life-saving vaccines for new viruses. Their concept is to create the biological machinery for vaccine production en masse, put it in a freeze-dried state and stockpile it around the country. Then, when a new virus hits, labs can simply add water to a 'kit' to rapidly produce vaccines.

Mutations in key cancer protein suggest new route to treatments

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 08:35 AM PST

Researchers found they could disrupt STAT3's ability to act as a transcription factor by altering part of the protein, which interfered with its cancer-promoting activity. The findings suggest a basis for new, targeted approaches to fighting cancer.

Children from chaotic homes benefit from time in child care, study finds

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 08:35 AM PST

Full-time child care was associated with cognitive, behavioral and social benefits for children in poverty who live in chaotic homes. Children from highly disorganized homes showed better executive functioning, vocabularies and ability to regulate their thoughts and attention if in child care 35+ hours weekly.

Bacteria from the sea join the fight against cancer, infections

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 07:35 AM PST

Scientists are opening the gates of nature's secret medicine factories, with the aim of giving us new weapons against cancers and resistant bacteria. They are developing technology that will make it easier to find – and exploit – these hidden and unutilised medicine factories in bacteria that exist in the natural environment. The hunt will concentrate on marine bacteria.

When the neuron's doorman allows too much in

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 07:35 AM PST

In epilepsy, nerve cells or neurons lose their usual rhythm, and ion channels, which have a decisive influence on their excitability, are involved. A team of researchers has now discovered a new mechanism for influencing ion channels in epilepsy. They found that spermine inside neurons dampens the neurons excitability. In epilepsy, spermine levels decrease, causing hyperexcitability. The researchers hope that their findings can be exploited to develop new therapies for epilepsies.

Circulating small cell lung cancer cells successfully cultivated for the very first time

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 07:35 AM PST

Most cases of small cell lung cancer are only diagnosed after the tumor has already formed metastases. Until now it has not been possible to investigate the reasons for this rapid metastasis, because of a lack of sufficient tumor material from patients. Now, the group of researchers has succeeded in creating infinitely reproducing tissue cultures.

Syphilis widespread in Central Europe even before Columbus' voyage to America

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 07:33 AM PST

In 1495, a "new" disease spread throughout Europe: syphilis. Christopher Columbus was said to have brought this sexually transmitted disease back from his voyage to America. At least, that has been the accepted theory up until now. Using morphological and structural evidence, researchers have now identified several cases of congenital syphilis dating back to as early as 1320 AD in skeletons from excavations at the cathedral square of St. Pölten, Austria

UK health professionals unite for stronger measures to tackle climate change

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:58 AM PST

As world leaders prepare to meet in Paris for the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, UK health professionals have formed an alliance of doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals to advocate for stronger measures to tackle climate change.

Breastfeeding babies protected against HIV infection from their HIV-positive mothers with 12 months of liquid antiretroviral drug treatment

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:58 AM PST

Providing babies with up to 12 months of liquid formula HIV drugs, while breastfeeding with their HIV-positive mothers, is highly effective at protecting them from infection, including in the 6- to 12-month period after birth which has not been analyzed in previous research, A study from four countries in Africa shows.

New gene that makes common bacteria resistant to last-line antibiotic found in animals, patients in China

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:58 AM PST

A new gene that enables bacteria to be highly resistant to polymyxins, the last line of antibiotic defense we have left, is widespread in Enterobacteriaceae taken from pigs and patients in south China, including strains with epidemic potential, according to new research.

Evidence of probable transmission of bird flu virus between two unrelated individuals

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:58 AM PST

The first evidence of probable person to person transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has been documented between two unrelated individuals in a hospital in China.

Poorer dementia patients in England less likely to be prescribed drugs

Posted: 19 Nov 2015 06:57 AM PST

Dementia patients from more affluent areas in England are 27 percent more likely to be prescribed anti-dementia drugs than patients from poorer areas, finds a new study of 77,045 dementia patients across the UK. This inequality was not seen in Scotland, Northern Ireland or Wales.The new research also found that compared to English practices, anti-dementia drugs were prescribed more often in Northern Ireland and Scotland but less often in Wales.

Critical gaps in antenatal care identified in cases of term stillbirths

Posted: 18 Nov 2015 03:41 PM PST

An expert enquiry identifies key steps for hospitals to improve care for pregnant mothers and babies. The study follows an investigation by a team of experts into 133 cases of stillbirth in 2013 in the U.K. -- and found that national guidance was not followed by hospitals in the majority of cases and identified 'missed opportunities' which could have potentially saved babies lives.

Gunshot survivors in high-crime community face elevated risk of early death, study shows

Posted: 18 Nov 2015 03:12 PM PST

One in 20 survivors of gunshot violence in an urban area with high crime died within five years, mainly by homicide, according to the results of a study that tracked patients after they had been discharged from the hospital that treated them.

Hepatitis C treatment made easy

Posted: 18 Nov 2015 03:12 PM PST

A new drug combination may simplify hepatitis C treatment for both patients and physicians, suggests a new study. The once-daily sofosbuvir-velpatasvir pill aims to simplify treatment for the majority of hepatitis C physicians and their patients.
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