ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Breast screening program found to be effective in preventing some invasive cancers
• One-step tumor detection from dynamic morphology tracking on aptamer grafted surface
• Microtubules act as cellular 'rheostat' to control insulin secretion
• How cells are foiled by a herpesvirus family member in the virus-host arms race
• New leads in the struggle against a formidable leukemia
• What your father ate before you were born could influence your health
• Cell suicide prevention squad
• Signaling pathway suppresses brain tumors
• Molecular processes for targeted dog cancer therapy investigated
• Link between a mitochondrial defect and heart disease
• Overcoming immune exhaustion from chronic HIV infection
• Study to explore spinal cord stimulation to treat paralysis
• Prenatal maternal iron intake shown to affect the neonatal brain
• 'Master switch' helps cancer cells survive stress
• Spreading cancer cells must change their environment to grow
• Killifish project explores the genetic foundation of longevity
• Drug could suppress intractable epilepsy

Breast screening program found to be effective in preventing some invasive cancers Posted: 05 Dec 2015 04:37 AM PST Screening for and treatment of an early form of breast cancer has been found to prevent subsequent invasive cancer, according to new research.

One-step tumor detection from dynamic morphology tracking on aptamer grafted surface Posted: 05 Dec 2015 04:37 AM PST A team of researchers has demonstrated a novel cancer cell detection method based on real time cell behavior tracking on engineered surfaces.

Microtubules act as cellular 'rheostat' to control insulin secretion Posted: 04 Dec 2015 03:36 PM PST Microtubules -- cellular 'highways' that deliver cargo to the cell membrane for secretion -- have a surprising role in pancreatic beta cells. Instead of facilitating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, they limit it, a team of investigators report. The findings reveal that microtubules act as a cellular 'rheostat' to precisely control insulin secretion and suggest that disturbance of this control may contribute to beta cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes.

How cells are foiled by a herpesvirus family member in the virus-host arms race Posted: 04 Dec 2015 03:36 PM PST Not every virus wants to go viral right away -- some want to wait for the perfect opportunity to attack. So the virus has to find a way to enter the cells of the human body without tripping the alarm. It's how viruses in the herpesvirus family, like human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), do their business. In a new study, researchers show that individual cells in the human body have an armament designed to prevent HCMV from achieving and maintaining this latency.

New leads in the struggle against a formidable leukemia Posted: 04 Dec 2015 10:55 AM PST A coordinated push to decrypt a complex form of leukemia is delivering a trove of new drug candidates and treatment ideas, a dozen of which will be presented at the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida (Dec. 5-8).

What your father ate before you were born could influence your health Posted: 04 Dec 2015 10:55 AM PST There is increasing evidence that parents' lifestyle and the environment they inhabit even long before they have children may influence the health of their offspring. A new study sheds light on how.

Cell suicide prevention squad Posted: 04 Dec 2015 08:13 AM PST Recent research has shown that the cells in our bodies teeter on the brink of death. They possess intricate molecular mechanisms that promote either suicide or survival. The concept is known as programmed cell death (PCD). Since the early 2000s, when PCD was confirmed, research has focused mainly on finding genes and proteins that trigger it. however, processes aiding cell survival have not been well understood.

Signaling pathway suppresses brain tumors Posted: 04 Dec 2015 06:45 AM PST Researchers have taken a close look at a signaling pathway present in most organisms and found that it suppresses the formation of specific types of brain tumor.

Molecular processes for targeted dog cancer therapy investigated Posted: 04 Dec 2015 06:43 AM PST Dogs get cancer, just like humans. Scientists are now exploring the molecular basis of cancer progression in canine cell lines. Modern cancer therapy has been revolutionized with the introduction of new drugs, so-called 'targeted drugs', but the basis for the application of these new agents in cancer therapy is a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the disease, even with pets. Now a research team has investigated the activation of genetic regulatory mechanisms in canine cells and found both matches as well as differences compared to humans.

Link between a mitochondrial defect and heart disease Posted: 03 Dec 2015 12:01 PM PST A defect in mitochondria in the heart causes dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to heart disease and early death, according to a new study. The research shows that a diet rich in fatty acids can prevent heart disease and increase survival of the mice with this condition. Given the links between a high-fat diet and the risk of atherosclerosis, more research is needed to show if the result could translate into a benefit for a specific patient group.

Overcoming immune exhaustion from chronic HIV infection Posted: 03 Dec 2015 12:01 PM PST Chronic HIV infection results in exhaustion of the immune system. Exhausted T cells display inhibitory proteins on their surface, and scientists hope to be able to restore immune function by interfering with the negative signals transmitted by such proteins. A new study suggests that one such strategy blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway works, but only when the overall HIV load is low and regulatory T cells cooperate.

Study to explore spinal cord stimulation to treat paralysis Posted: 03 Dec 2015 11:25 AM PST A neurosurgeon is looking to recruit patients with paraplegia to investigate whether intraspinal microstimulation technology can restore complex body movements.

Prenatal maternal iron intake shown to affect the neonatal brain Posted: 03 Dec 2015 11:00 AM PST In the first study of its kind, researchers have shown that inadequate maternal iron intake during pregnancy exerts subtle effects on infant brain development.

'Master switch' helps cancer cells survive stress Posted: 03 Dec 2015 10:58 AM PST Scientists have discovered a 'master switch' within cancer cells that seems to override the normal stress response and allows them to survive conditions that would normally be lethal. The mechanism could be critical in allowing cancer cells to withstand the huge amounts of stress they come under as they divide rapidly and their metabolism goes into overdrive.

Spreading cancer cells must change their environment to grow Posted: 03 Dec 2015 10:58 AM PST Spreading cancer cells arriving in a new part of the body must be able to change their new environment to continue to grow.

Killifish project explores the genetic foundation of longevity Posted: 03 Dec 2015 10:58 AM PST Researchers have mapped the genome of an unusually short-lived fish, paving the way for scientists to use the organism to study how genes influence longevity.

Drug could suppress intractable epilepsy Posted: 03 Dec 2015 05:29 AM PST Scientists have found a way to rapidly suppress epilepsy in mouse models by manipulating a known genetic pathway using a cancer drug currently in human clinical trials for the treatment of brain and breast cancer.

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