ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• New study finds clear differences between organic and non-organic milk and meat
• To encourage physical activity, potential to lose a financial reward is more effective than gaining one
• Mind-controlled prosthetic arm moves individual ‘fingers’
• Heart attack patients with cardiogenic shock fair well 60 days post-discharge
• Threat of cytomegalovirus far outweighs Zika risk, researcher says
• New way bacterial infections spread in the body: Hitchhiking on our own immune cells
• Microchip used to build a first-ever artificial kidney
• Using light to control protein transport from cell nucleus
• Raising a child has a bigger effect on the immune system than gastroenteritis
• Vulnerability to depression linked to noradrenaline
• Discovery lays the foundation to expand personalized chemotherapy for leukemia patients
• Sweet discovery in leafy greens holds key to gut health
• Visualizing a parasite crossing the blood brain barrier
• New subgroups of ILC immune cells discovered through single-cell RNA sequencing
• Scientists prove feasibility of 'printing' replacement tissue
• Small clumps in the body: How nanoparticles react to proteins
• Taking a closer look at so-called 'adherent' patients
• Four billion people affected by severe water scarcity
• Infants should sleep in their own beds to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome
• Tissue fluid flow can reveal onset of osteoarthritis
• Interferon not beneficial for most stage III melanoma
• Drug development crisis linked to bad technology choices
• Effectiveness of a herpesvirus CMV-based vaccine against Ebola
• Virtual reality therapy could help people with depression
• Gene technology to help healthy skin in Aboriginal Australians
• Inner workings of Ebola vaccine trial
• Forensic odorology scientifically validated

New study finds clear differences between organic and non-organic milk and meat Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:07 PM PST Both organic milk and meat contain around 50 percent more beneficial omega-3 fatty acids than conventionally produced products, report researchers who conducted systematic literature reviews and analyzed data from around the world.

To encourage physical activity, potential to lose a financial reward is more effective than gaining one Posted: 15 Feb 2016 02:21 PM PST Financial incentives aimed at increasing physical activity were most effective when the rewards were put at risk of being lost, according to new research. The study, which tested the effectiveness of three methods of financial incentives to increase physical activity among overweight and obese adults, shows that depending on how they are framed, incentives of equal amounts can have significantly different effects on outcomes.

Mind-controlled prosthetic arm moves individual ‘fingers’ Posted: 15 Feb 2016 12:46 PM PST Physicians and biomedical engineers from Johns Hopkins report what they believe is the first successful effort to wiggle fingers individually and independently of each other using a mind-controlled artificial "arm" to control the movement.

Heart attack patients with cardiogenic shock fair well 60 days post-discharge Posted: 15 Feb 2016 12:23 PM PST Heart attack patients who experience cardiogenic shock have a higher risk of death or rehospitalization than non-shock patients in the first 60 days post-discharge, but by the end of the first year, the gap between the two groups narrows, according to a study.

Threat of cytomegalovirus far outweighs Zika risk, researcher says Posted: 15 Feb 2016 11:36 AM PST Researcher studies the impact of CMV on healthcare providers.

New way bacterial infections spread in the body: Hitchhiking on our own immune cells Posted: 15 Feb 2016 11:33 AM PST Scientists studying one of the world's most virulent pathogens and a separate very common bacterium have discovered a new way that some bacteria can spread rapidly throughout the body – by hitchhiking on our own immune cells.

Microchip used to build a first-ever artificial kidney Posted: 15 Feb 2016 09:44 AM PST Nephrologists are making major progress on a first-of-its kind device to free kidney patients from dialysis. He is building an implantable artificial kidney with microchip filters and living kidney cells that will be powered by a patient's own heart.

Using light to control protein transport from cell nucleus Posted: 15 Feb 2016 09:37 AM PST Light can be used to control the transport of proteins from the cell nucleus with the aid of a light-sensitive, genetically modified plant protein. Biologists working in the field of optogenetics have now developed such a tool. The researchers employed methods from synthetic biology and combined a light sensor from the oat plant with a transport signal. This makes it possible to use external light to precisely control the location and hence the activity of proteins in mammalian cells.

Raising a child has a bigger effect on the immune system than gastroenteritis Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:40 AM PST Raising a child together has a greater effect on your immune system than the seasonal 'flu vaccine or travellers' gastroenteritis, a new study has found.

Vulnerability to depression linked to noradrenaline Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:40 AM PST Researchers report the first-ever connection between noradrenergic neurons and vulnerability to depression. This breakthrough paves the way for new depression treatments that target the adrenergic system.

Discovery lays the foundation to expand personalized chemotherapy for leukemia patients Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:40 AM PST Scientists have concluded a study of how inherited genetic variations in the NUDT15 gene cause serious chemotherapy toxicity; findings point to potential genetics-guided precision medicine.

Sweet discovery in leafy greens holds key to gut health Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:40 AM PST A critical discovery about how bacteria feed on an unusual sugar molecule found in leafy green vegetables could hold the key to explaining how 'good' bacteria protect our gut and promote health. The finding suggests that leafy greens are essential for feeding good gut bacteria, limiting the ability of bad bacteria to colonize the gut by shutting them out of the prime 'real estate.'

Visualizing a parasite crossing the blood brain barrier Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:39 AM PST Researchers have identified how the parasite Toxoplasma gondii makes its way across the blood-brain barrier.

New subgroups of ILC immune cells discovered through single-cell RNA sequencing Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:39 AM PST A relatively newly discovered group of immune cells known as ILCs have been examined in detail. By analyzing the gene expression in individual tonsil cells, scientists have found three previously unknown subgroups of ILCs, and revealed more about how these cells function in the human body.

Scientists prove feasibility of 'printing' replacement tissue Posted: 15 Feb 2016 08:38 AM PST Using a sophisticated, custom-designed 3-D printer, regenerative medicine scientists have proved that it is feasible to print living tissue structures to replace injured or diseased tissue in patients.

Small clumps in the body: How nanoparticles react to proteins Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:06 AM PST Scientists have found out that the protein haemoglobin influences the aggregation of individual gold nanoparticles to form clumps.

Taking a closer look at so-called 'adherent' patients Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:05 AM PST Patients defined automatically as "adherent" by dint of their collecting their prescriptions each month are not necessarily any better than their "non-adherent" peers at actually taking their medication. It also found that replacing a patient's medication with one that looks different can have a detrimental impact on adherence.

Four billion people affected by severe water scarcity Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:05 AM PST There are four billion people worldwide who are affected by severe water scarcity for at least one month a year. That is the conclusion after many years' extensive research. This alarming figure is much higher than was previously thought.

Infants should sleep in their own beds to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:05 AM PST The advice given to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS, has worked well, but the potential to save more lives exists. In addition to sleeping on their backs, infants should sleep in their own beds for the first few months to reduce the risk of sudden infant death.

Tissue fluid flow can reveal onset of osteoarthritis Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:05 AM PST Reflecting the overall structural alterations in the tissue, changes in the flow of interstitial fluid in articular cartilage could be an indicator revealing the onset of osteoarthritis, according to a new study. New research focused on structural and functional changes in articular cartilage at different stages of osteoarthritis. By using finite element modelling, the study combined structural data with functional data measured from articular cartilage samples. This enabled a detailed analysis of how individual structural components affect cartilage loading, and how this process changes in the development of osteoarthritis.

Interferon not beneficial for most stage III melanoma Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:02 AM PST Most stage III melanoma patients do not benefit from treatment with interferon, show final results for the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial. Interferon was approved by the FDA in 1995 as a therapy for melanoma based on a study of patients with multiple large, palpable lymph nodes involved with cancer. However, the development of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in the 1990s made it possible for physicians to detect microscopic amounts of cancer in lymph nodes that could not be detected by hand.

Drug development crisis linked to bad technology choices Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:01 AM PST Despite lower costs and increased speed of research inputs, the budget for getting a drug to market is soaring. Researchers suggest that a focus on process efficiency has favoured experimental models with less validity, more than outweighing efficency benefits.

Effectiveness of a herpesvirus CMV-based vaccine against Ebola Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:01 AM PST As the latest in a series of studies, researchers have shown the ability of a vaccine vector based on a common herpesvirus called cytomegalovirus (CMV) expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP), to provide protection against Ebola virus in the experimental rhesus macaque, non-human primate (NHP) model. Demonstration of protection in the NHP model is regarded as a critical step before translation of Ebola virus vaccines into humans and other great apes.

Virtual reality therapy could help people with depression Posted: 15 Feb 2016 06:01 AM PST An immersive virtual reality therapy could help people with depression to be less critical and more compassionate towards themselves, reducing depressive symptoms, finds a new study. The therapy, previously tested by healthy volunteers, was used by 15 depression patients aged 23-61. Nine reported reduced depressive symptoms a month after the therapy, of whom four experienced a clinically significant drop in depression severity.

Gene technology to help healthy skin in Aboriginal Australians Posted: 12 Feb 2016 01:39 PM PST Australian researchers have used cutting-edge genome technologies to reveal the genetic makeup of a widespread skin parasite causing serious health problems in Aboriginal communities.The research team identified the genetic 'map' of the human parasitic scabies mite, accelerating research that could lead to new ways of preventing and treating scabies infestations and prevent lifelong complications for people in remote Aboriginal communities.

Inner workings of Ebola vaccine trial Posted: 12 Feb 2016 10:01 AM PST An experimental vaccine combined with an innovative way of vaccinating people has resulted in an estimated 100 percent efficacy of the vaccine against the Ebola virus in West Africa -- and the approach could establish a new way of responding to outbreaks of emerging pathogens, including the Zika virus.

Forensic odorology scientifically validated Posted: 12 Feb 2016 07:24 AM PST Odorology is a technique that uses specially-trained dogs to identify human scent. It is used in police investigations to establish that an individual has been at the scene of a crime. However, there is no international norm on how these dogs are trained.

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