ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Pathologists identify new potential target in ovarian serous cancer
• New technique for imaging cells, tissues under the skin
• Why are women more prone to knee injuries than men?
• Building owners 'face risks' from chlorine-resistant bacteria
• New compound is effective against drug-resistant leukemia, preclinical study finds
• Study sheds light on patterns behind brain, heart systems; circadian rhythms
• Homeless youth with pets have benefits, challenges
• Out for blood: Fluid dynamics explain how quickly a vampire could drain your blood
• New gene identified as cause, early indicator of breast cancer
• Chemists develop an ultra-sensitive test for cancers, HIV
• Women with impaired stress hormone before pregnancy have lower-birthweight babies
• Dabrafenib/trametinib: Considerable added benefit for men with advanced melanoma
• Natural resilience to major life stressors is not as common as thought
• Expanding use of recycled water would benefit the environment, human health
• Acceptability of alternative drugs and strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy in Kenya
• Hundreds of lives lost due to variations in common heart procedure
• New effects of ketamine abuse uncovered: Extreme pain, bladder damage
• Antibiotics for appendicitis: Yes and no
• Discovery of the characteristics of subcortical regions in schizophrenia
• Lesbian, gay, bisexual Canadians report higher rates of mental health issues
• New research gathers more evidence for innovative stroke treatment
• Microbiome associated with severe caries in Canadian First Nations children
• Longevity of restorative treatments in pediatric patients: EBD in the era of EHR
• Rescue inhaler study: New approach increases mastery of life-saving technique
• Dentistry: Evidence-practice gap for sealant application
• Dentistry: New biotechnology to inhibit microRNA activity and novel applications
• New report reveals hundreds still dying in detention
• Scientists pinpoint molecular signal that drives and enables spinal cord repair
• New role of environment in multiple sclerosis revealed
• Bariatric surgery better than intensive lifestyle, drug interventions at reversing diabetes in mildly to moderately obese patients
• Highly specialized high school athletes more likely to have knee, hip injuries
• Plant-based alternative protein options emerge from the sea
• Conservative care may be a reasonable option for elderly kidney failure patients
• PERK-opathies: Stress mechanism underlying neurodegeneration
• Paracetamol 'not clinically effective' in treating osteoarthritis pain or improving physical function
• White delinquent youth more likely to abuse hard drugs than blacks
• Treating HIV patients at risk for tuberculosis with TB drugs doesn't save more lives
• Specialized nursing care needs assessment model developed for pediatric patients
• Preventing sperm's 'power kick' could be key to unisex contraceptive
• Novel method for storing and transporting cerebrospinal fluid samples for diagnosis of JEV
• High levels of co-infection with pathogens and symbionts in ticks from the Ardennes
• Subset of E. coli bacteria linked to deadly disease in pre-term infants
• How HIV infection increases the risk of tuberculosis
• Researchers refute textbook knowledge on macrophage metabolism in inflammatory diseases

Pathologists identify new potential target in ovarian serous cancer Posted: 18 Mar 2016 10:16 AM PDT Patients with ovarian serous cancer and an overexpression of the HER4 protein are less likely to respond to chemotherapy and have a lower rate of survival, research shows.

New technique for imaging cells, tissues under the skin Posted: 18 Mar 2016 10:16 AM PDT A team of scientists has developed the first technique for viewing cells and tissues in three dimensions under the skin. The work could improve diagnosis and treatment for some forms of cancer and blindness.

Why are women more prone to knee injuries than men? Posted: 18 Mar 2016 10:16 AM PDT Women who take the birth control pill, which lessen and stabilize estrogen levels, were less likely to suffer serious knee injuries, new research indicates.

Building owners 'face risks' from chlorine-resistant bacteria Posted: 18 Mar 2016 10:16 AM PDT Buildings with storage tanks can face increased risks from chlorine-resistant bacteria in water, according to researchers. A study examining more than 50 tap water samples found water had very few bacteria in buildings without cisterns but there was noticeable contamination in buildings where storage tanks were present or plumbing had been altered or otherwise disrupted.

New compound is effective against drug-resistant leukemia, preclinical study finds Posted: 18 Mar 2016 09:36 AM PDT A novel compound MRX-2843 more than doubled the median days of survival in laboratory models with a drug-resistant form of the acute myeloid leukemia, scientists report in a new article.

Study sheds light on patterns behind brain, heart systems; circadian rhythms Posted: 18 Mar 2016 09:31 AM PDT An engineer has found a new way to control chemical oscillation that could help regulate biorhythms involving the heart, brain and circadian cycles.

Homeless youth with pets have benefits, challenges Posted: 18 Mar 2016 08:15 AM PDT Homeless youth with pets are less likely to engage in potentially harmful behavior, more likely to open up to veterinarians about their personal challenges and generally less depressed, a Canadian study has shown.

Out for blood: Fluid dynamics explain how quickly a vampire could drain your blood Posted: 18 Mar 2016 08:15 AM PDT Throughout human history there have been tales of vampires -- bloodsucking creatures of folklore that prey on their victims by draining their life essence, usually via the blood. To coincide with the 85th anniversary of Tod Browning's 'Dracula' (1931), students have used fluid dynamics to examine how long it would take for the undead fiend to drain an average human's blood -- and have calculated that it would take only 6.4 minutes to drain 15 per cent of the blood from the external carotid artery in a human's neck.

New gene identified as cause, early indicator of breast cancer Posted: 18 Mar 2016 08:14 AM PDT When mutated, a gene known for its ability to repair DNA, appears to instead cause breast cancer, scientists report. Mutations of the gene are known to be present in both early onset breast and ovarian cancer. Now scientists have shown that the stem, or progenitor cells, which should ultimately make healthy breast tissue, can also have GT198 mutations that prompt them to instead make a perfect bed for breast cancer.

Chemists develop an ultra-sensitive test for cancers, HIV Posted: 18 Mar 2016 07:22 AM PDT Catching a disease in its earliest stages can lead to more effective therapies. Chemists have increased the likelihood of detecting these diseases via a test that is thousands of times more sensitive than current diagnostics.

Women with impaired stress hormone before pregnancy have lower-birthweight babies Posted: 18 Mar 2016 07:21 AM PDT Before women even become pregnant, some may have a biological profile that predicts a lower birth-weight baby, a research team reports.

Dabrafenib/trametinib: Considerable added benefit for men with advanced melanoma Posted: 18 Mar 2016 07:21 AM PDT Based on the study data subsequently submitted, there is now an indication of considerable added benefit for men; there is still major added benefit for women.

Natural resilience to major life stressors is not as common as thought Posted: 18 Mar 2016 07:20 AM PDT Natural resilience may not be as common as once thought, research shows, and that when confronted with a major life-altering event many people can struggle considerably and for longer periods of time. The research questions prior claims that resilience is the 'usual' response to major life stressors by looking at longitudinal data in a more nuanced way and making less generalization about the human response to such dramatic events.

Expanding use of recycled water would benefit the environment, human health Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:10 AM PDT Expanding the use of recycled water would reduce water and energy use, cut greenhouse gas emissions and benefit public health in California — which is in the midst of a severe drought — and around the world. A new study found that recycled water has great potential for more efficient use in urban settings and to improve the overall resiliency of the water supply.

Acceptability of alternative drugs and strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy in Kenya Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:08 AM PDT Researchers have completed a study to assess the acceptability among pregnant women and health providers in Kenya of a new drug as an alternative to the standard drug used to prevent malaria in pregnancy.

Hundreds of lives lost due to variations in common heart procedure Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:08 AM PDT Despite the successful adoption of modern techniques, new research from the United Kingdom suggests more can be done to reduce fatalities following a non-surgical treatment for blocked arteries.

New effects of ketamine abuse uncovered: Extreme pain, bladder damage Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:04 AM PDT Research has revealed how recreational ketamine abuse damages the bladder. In two studies, medical researchers show how ketamine present in urine causes damage to the epithelial lining of the bladder, allowing urine to penetrate into underlying tissues which causes inflammation and extreme pain. In some cases this pain can be so extreme that patients need to have their bladder removed (cystectomy).

Antibiotics for appendicitis: Yes and no Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:04 AM PDT Using antibiotics as the primary treatment for mild appendicitis does not increase the risk for complications at least in the first year. But other considerations must also be taken into account, say researchers.

Discovery of the characteristics of subcortical regions in schizophrenia Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:04 AM PDT Scientists found that patients with schizophrenia demonstrated a specific leftward volumetric asymmetry for the globus pallidus, one of the basal ganglia of the brain. The basal ganglia are involved in motivation and volition, the impairment of which may result in difficulties in social life. This finding is expected to help elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Moreover, it will be a step toward the development of therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual Canadians report higher rates of mental health issues Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:00 AM PDT Gay, lesbian and bisexual Canadians experience more mood and anxiety disorders than other Canadians, and they are more likely to turn to heavy drinking, a new study concludes.

New research gathers more evidence for innovative stroke treatment Posted: 18 Mar 2016 06:00 AM PDT New research has provided more evidence that an innovative treatment strategy may help prevent brain swelling and death in stroke patients. Researchers have found that Cirara, an investigational drug, powerfully reduced brain swelling and death in patients who had suffered a type of large stroke called malignant infarction, which normally carries a high mortality rate.

Microbiome associated with severe caries in Canadian First Nations children Posted: 18 Mar 2016 05:56 AM PDT Researchers aimed to determine the caries-associated microbiome among Canadian First Nations children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).

Longevity of restorative treatments in pediatric patients: EBD in the era of EHR Posted: 18 Mar 2016 05:56 AM PDT The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the longevity of restorations in primary molars, based on dental claims data for children 0-14 years of age. Researchers identified specific factors (patient age at initial treatment, restoration size and restorative material) that significantly associated with restoration survival.

Rescue inhaler study: New approach increases mastery of life-saving technique Posted: 18 Mar 2016 05:56 AM PDT A rescue inhaler can be a lifesaver during an asthma or COPD flareup, but using a rescue inhaler is complicated and misuse is common, putting patients' lives at risk. An education strategy, called teach-to-goal, may help patients use their inhalers properly during these critical times, according to new research.

Dentistry: Evidence-practice gap for sealant application Posted: 18 Mar 2016 05:56 AM PDT In this study, the researchers aimed to examine dentist practice patterns regarding treatment recommendation of dental sealants and identify characteristics associated with this recommendation. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in Japan.

Dentistry: New biotechnology to inhibit microRNA activity and novel applications Posted: 18 Mar 2016 05:56 AM PDT A new plasmid-based microRNA inhibitor system (PMIS) effectively inhibits microRNA (miR) activity in cells and mice. In this study, researchers generated a novel RNA-based hairpin molecule carrying an anti-sense miR seed sequence that effectively knocks down endogenous miRs and mitigates their effects on messenger RNA in the cell. By using a native RNA-based molecule for miR knockdown, the PMIS platform avoids many of the traditional pitfalls associated with miR inhibition using synthetic oligonucleotides.

New report reveals hundreds still dying in detention Posted: 17 Mar 2016 08:35 PM PDT An ongoing culture of secrecy, poor access to specialist mental health services and a lack of high quality independent investigations has contributed to hundreds of non-natural deaths in detention, according to a new report.

Scientists pinpoint molecular signal that drives and enables spinal cord repair Posted: 17 Mar 2016 08:35 PM PDT Researchers have identified a molecular signal, known as 'neuregulin-1,' which drives and enables the spinal cord's natural capacity for repair after injury.

New role of environment in multiple sclerosis revealed Posted: 17 Mar 2016 08:35 PM PDT Environmental factors may be playing a greater role in the onset of multiple sclerosis than previously realized, according to early research. The theory is based on findings showing that Black people and South Asians in east London have a higher prevalence of MS compared to those groups in ancestral countries, indicating a strong environmental influence that could be driving higher MS rates in London.

Bariatric surgery better than intensive lifestyle, drug interventions at reversing diabetes in mildly to moderately obese patients Posted: 17 Mar 2016 08:35 PM PDT Bariatric surgery (also known as obesity surgery) is much more effective than an intensive lifestyle/medication intervention at reversing type 2 diabetes in patients with only mild-to-moderate obesity, new research shows.

Highly specialized high school athletes more likely to have knee, hip injuries Posted: 17 Mar 2016 04:03 PM PDT There is a sense among those who pay attention to youth and high school athletics that more and more young athletes today are focusing on excelling at a single sport instead of playing a variety. Perhaps surprisingly, though, little research has been conducted on the prevalence of sports specialization in high school athletes -- and what that might mean for these competitors' health.

Plant-based alternative protein options emerge from the sea Posted: 17 Mar 2016 04:00 PM PDT When one hears the term "alternative protein source" tofu, tempeh and seitan are what typically come to mind. Researchers discuss three lesser known, but just as nutritious and palatable alternative protein sources.

Conservative care may be a reasonable option for elderly kidney failure patients Posted: 17 Mar 2016 04:00 PM PDT Among kidney failure patients aged 80 years or older, there was no statistically significant survival advantage for those who chose dialysis over conservative management.

PERK-opathies: Stress mechanism underlying neurodegeneration Posted: 17 Mar 2016 03:50 PM PDT The objective of a recent review is to highlight the impact of PERK in neurodegenerative processes and underscore the pathway as a reservoir of therapeutic targets.

Paracetamol 'not clinically effective' in treating osteoarthritis pain or improving physical function Posted: 17 Mar 2016 03:50 PM PDT In a large-scale analysis of pain-relief medication for osteoarthritis, researchers found that paracetamol does not meet the minimum standard of clinical effectiveness in reducing pain or improving physical function in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis. Although paracetamol was slightly better than placebo, researchers conclude that, taken on its own, paracetamol has no role in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis, irrespective of dose.

White delinquent youth more likely to abuse hard drugs than blacks Posted: 17 Mar 2016 03:50 PM PDT Abuse and dependence on 'hard drugs' (cocaine, hallucinogen or PCP, opiate, amphetamine and sedatives) are less common among delinquent African American youth than those who are non-Hispanic white, according to a new, 12-year longitudinal study.

Treating HIV patients at risk for tuberculosis with TB drugs doesn't save more lives Posted: 17 Mar 2016 03:50 PM PDT Treating HIV patients at risk for tuberculosis with multi-drug TB regimens does not save more lives, researchers report. The number one killer of HIV patients in resource-limited areas, including parts of Africa and India, is tuberculosis (TB), underscoring the need for optimal treatments and effective strategies to address this deadly co-infection.

Specialized nursing care needs assessment model developed for pediatric patients Posted: 17 Mar 2016 12:42 PM PDT The N-KICS tool (Nursing-Kids Intensity of Care Survey) is the first pediatric-specific tool designed to describe the intensity of nursing care for children with CMC.

Preventing sperm's 'power kick' could be key to unisex contraceptive Posted: 17 Mar 2016 12:08 PM PDT When human sperm get near the egg, the female sex hormone progesterone released by the egg triggers a tail snap that propels the sperm forcefully into and hopefully through the layers of cells protecting the egg. Researchers have found the receptor for progesterone that triggers this power kick. A malfunctioning receptor could be a cause of male infertility, but also a target for contraceptives that can be used by both men and women.

Novel method for storing and transporting cerebrospinal fluid samples for diagnosis of JEV Posted: 17 Mar 2016 12:07 PM PDT In resource poor areas patient samples often have to travel long distances for suitable diagnosis. Filter paper is currently used for the storage and transport of dried blood samples, however there is very little research on similarly simple and inexpensive methods for the transport of other diagnostic fluids.

High levels of co-infection with pathogens and symbionts in ticks from the Ardennes Posted: 17 Mar 2016 12:00 PM PDT Ticks are small blood-feeding arachnids that can transmit diseases amongst animals and humans. Researchers studied pathogen species and bacterial symbionts in tick species Ixodes ricinus. Their findings showed all ticks contained symbiotic bacterial species and over half were infected with pathogens.

Subset of E. coli bacteria linked to deadly disease in pre-term infants Posted: 17 Mar 2016 11:58 AM PDT Necrotizing enterocolitis is an intestinal disease that afflicts about one in 10 extremely premature infants and is fatal in nearly one-third of cases. The premature infant gut is believed to react to colonizing bacteria, causing damage to the intestinal walls and severe infection. Researchers now describe an association between necrotizing enterocolitis and a subset of E. coli bacteria, called uropathogenic E. coli, that colonize the infant gut.

How HIV infection increases the risk of tuberculosis Posted: 17 Mar 2016 11:58 AM PDT A new study suggests that it is not a general weakening of the immune system by HIV that initially leads to loss of Mtb control, but rather that HIV is associated with a failure to prevent harmful immune responses. As HIV disease progresses, the weakening immune system's focus on antiviral responses leaves it largely defenseless against the Mtb pathogen.

Researchers refute textbook knowledge on macrophage metabolism in inflammatory diseases Posted: 17 Mar 2016 07:56 AM PDT What happens when macrophage immune cells are activated in the course of an inflammation to combat pathogens such as bacteria or viruses? Researchers pursued this very question. The researchers discovered that the immune cells behave differently from what was previously assumed. Their metabolism upholds the production of antimicrobial substances and fatty acids during activation. In this way, they deliver important resources for the immune responses they trigger.

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