ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Stressed out: scientist details cells' response to lesions
• A sensitive subject: Researchers catalog patterns of vibration on skin of the hand are part of how we sense the world through touch
• Vascular brain injury evident in people in their 40s
• Study offers efficient alternative for Ebola screening program for travelers
• High out-of pocket costs limit access to lifesaving specialty drugs
• GI tract bacteria help decrease stroke
• Structure of Parkinson's protein could lead to new diagnostic, treatment options
• New target makes end run against therapy-resistant prostate cancer
• Scientists find 'outlier' enzymes, potential new targets to treat diabetes, inflammation
• Biological mechanism passes on long-term epigenetic 'memories'
• Patients with skin infections fail to complete antibiotics, leading to poor outcomes
• Autism intervention studies lack diversity, study suggests
• Weight loss amount is more important than diet type in reversing obesity-cancer link
• Weight loss surgery beats diet at inhibiting breast cancer
• Enzyme may reduce risk of cardiovascular disease caused by HIV medications
• Mutation found that causes rare disease
• Simple blood test can detect evidence of concussions up to a week after injury
• Research on largest network of cortical neurons to date
• Oregon's new birth control law increases access, but more still to be done
• Researchers make biosensor one million times more sensitive
• Abandoned drug resurrected, found effective against human viruses
• Improved 'liquid biopsy' technique enhances detection of tumor DNA in blood
• Stem cells used to successfully regenerate damage in corticospinal injury
• Conspicuous consumption may drive fertility down
• New hope for a type 2 diabetes cure
• How cancer stem cells thrive when oxygen is scarce
• Researchers identify SH2 domains as lipid-binding modules for cell signaling
• How we know when to empty our bladders
• Molecular mechanism for higher brain functions, neuropsychiatric disorders
• Breastfeeding, vaccinations help reduce ear infection rates in babies
• Cigarettes cheaper than e-cigarettes in 44 of 45 countries studied
• Choosing to die at home does not hasten death for patients with terminal cancer

Stressed out: scientist details cells' response to lesions Posted: 28 Mar 2016 04:51 PM PDT A researcher details several coping strategies cells use when they face replication stress: the cellular version of choosing yoga, meditation or a trip to the movies after a stressful event.

A sensitive subject: Researchers catalog patterns of vibration on skin of the hand are part of how we sense the world through touch Posted: 28 Mar 2016 04:51 PM PDT Patterns of vibration on the skin of the hand that are part of how we sense the world through touch have been cataloged, for the first time, by researchers.

Vascular brain injury evident in people in their 40s Posted: 28 Mar 2016 04:47 PM PDT For the first time, a large study has shown that people as young as their 40s have stiffening of the arteries that is associated with subtle structural damage to the brain that is implicated in cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease later in life.

Study offers efficient alternative for Ebola screening program for travelers Posted: 28 Mar 2016 04:19 PM PDT As of Jan. 31, 2016, a total of 28,639 cases and 11,316 deaths have been attributed to Ebola, figures that may significantly underestimate the actual scope of the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. One strategy recommended by the WHO required exit screening at airports for passengers who depart from countries with Ebola. Researchers now provide an alternative policy for Ebola entry screening at airports in the United States.

High out-of pocket costs limit access to lifesaving specialty drugs Posted: 28 Mar 2016 11:31 AM PDT Specialty drugs have become important treatment options for many serious and chronic diseases, and in some conditions like cancer they represent the only chance for long-term survival. But, insurers increasingly require patients to share the high costs of these medications. Two new studies have found evidence that such cost-sharing arrangements are associated with significant reductions in access to these drugs.

GI tract bacteria help decrease stroke Posted: 28 Mar 2016 11:31 AM PDT Certain types of bacteria in the gut can leverage the immune system to decrease the severity of stroke, according to new research. This finding can help mitigate stroke -- which is the second leading cause of death worldwide.

Structure of Parkinson's protein could lead to new diagnostic, treatment options Posted: 28 Mar 2016 10:37 AM PDT Chemists have identified the complex chemical structure of the protein that stacks together to form fibrils in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients. Armed with this knowledge, researchers can identify specific targets for diagnosis and treatment.

New target makes end run against therapy-resistant prostate cancer Posted: 28 Mar 2016 10:37 AM PDT Suppressing the nuclear receptor protein ROR-?; with small-molecule compounds can reduce androgen receptor (AR) levels in castration-resistant prostate cancer and stop tumor growth, scientists have found.

Scientists find 'outlier' enzymes, potential new targets to treat diabetes, inflammation Posted: 28 Mar 2016 10:37 AM PDT Two enzymes have been discovered that appear to play a role in metabolism and inflammation--and might someday be targeted with drugs to treat type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders.

Biological mechanism passes on long-term epigenetic 'memories' Posted: 28 Mar 2016 10:35 AM PDT According to epigenetics -- the study of inheritable changes in gene expression not directly coded in our DNA -- our life experiences may be passed on to our children and our children's children. Studies on survivors of traumatic events have suggested that exposure to stress may indeed have lasting effects on subsequent generations. But how exactly are these genetic "memories" passed on?

Patients with skin infections fail to complete antibiotics, leading to poor outcomes Posted: 28 Mar 2016 10:35 AM PDT In the first study of its kind, researchers found patients with skin infections took, on average, just 57 percent of their prescribed antibiotic doses, resulting in nearly half of them getting a new infection or needing additional treatment.

Autism intervention studies lack diversity, study suggests Posted: 28 Mar 2016 10:35 AM PDT The field's leading research very rarely considers race or nationality of its participants which could present problems in creating the best interventions for young learners with autism spectrum disorders, a new report suggests.

Weight loss amount is more important than diet type in reversing obesity-cancer link Posted: 28 Mar 2016 09:12 AM PDT Researchers examined whether weight loss via four different diets was linked to reduced tumor growth in laboratory models of breast cancer.

Weight loss surgery beats diet at inhibiting breast cancer Posted: 28 Mar 2016 09:12 AM PDT Weight loss surgery was more effective than a low-fat diet at reversing the cancer-promoting effects of chronic obesity in mice.

Enzyme may reduce risk of cardiovascular disease caused by HIV medications Posted: 28 Mar 2016 09:02 AM PDT Approximately 37 million people are living with HIV. Antiviral medications are used to control the disease and prevent its progression to AIDS. Although antivirals improve health and increase survival for people with HIV, their use also has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease. Now, researchers have identified an enzyme that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease caused by HIV medications.

Mutation found that causes rare disease Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT A mutation that causes a rare systemic disorder known as X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder (XLPDR) has been discovered and, significantly, the unexpected cellular mechanism by which the mutation causes the disease.

Simple blood test can detect evidence of concussions up to a week after injury Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT Researchers detected evidence of concussions in patients up to 7 days after their injury using a simple blood test -- which could greatly expand the window for diagnosing concussions, especially in patients who experience a delayed onset of symptoms.

Research on largest network of cortical neurons to date Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT The largest network to date of connections between neurons in the cortex, where high-level processing occurs, has been published. It has revealed several crucial elements of how networks in the brain are organized.

Oregon's new birth control law increases access, but more still to be done Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT Experts applaud Oregon's new birth control law, which allows women age 18 or older to obtain some methods of hormonal contraception directly from pharmacies, without having to visit a prescribing clinician, yet note how the law could go even further to improve access to all forms of contraception, according to a new article.

Researchers make biosensor one million times more sensitive Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT To provide oncologists a way to detect a single molecule of an enzyme produced by circulating cancer cells, physicists and engineers have developed an optical sensor, based on nanostructured metamaterials, that's 1 million times more sensitive than the current best available. The device proved capable of identifying a single lightweight molecule in a highly dilute solution.

Abandoned drug resurrected, found effective against human viruses Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT Scientists have resurrected a discarded drug that helps human cells in a lab dish fight off two different viruses. Based on what they learned about how the drug works, it might also help fight the viruses that cause Ebola, dengue and Zika, among others, they say.

Improved 'liquid biopsy' technique enhances detection of tumor DNA in blood Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT People with cancer have tumor DNA in their blood. A new way to quiet background 'noise' in the blood sample allows researchers to sequence minute quantities of these molecules to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Stem cells used to successfully regenerate damage in corticospinal injury Posted: 28 Mar 2016 08:46 AM PDT Researchers have successfully directed stem cell-derived neurons to regenerate lost tissue in damaged corticospinal tracts of rats, resulting in functional benefit, a new article reports.

Conspicuous consumption may drive fertility down Posted: 28 Mar 2016 07:57 AM PDT A new mathematical model shows how fertility goes down as the cost of achieving social status goes up. The study authors developed a mathematical model showing that their argument is plausible from a biological point of view.

New hope for a type 2 diabetes cure Posted: 28 Mar 2016 07:16 AM PDT Gleevec, which is used in leukemia medications, holds promise for a dramatically more effective treatment of type 2 diabetes, report scientists.

How cancer stem cells thrive when oxygen is scarce Posted: 28 Mar 2016 07:01 AM PDT Working with human breast cancer cells and mice, scientists say new experiments explain how certain cancer stem cells thrive in low oxygen conditions. Proliferation of such cells, which tend to resist chemotherapy and help tumors spread, are considered a major roadblock to successful cancer treatment.

Researchers identify SH2 domains as lipid-binding modules for cell signaling Posted: 28 Mar 2016 06:52 AM PDT Majority of human Src homology 2 (SH2) domains not only bind to proteins, but also interact with membrane lipids with high affinity and specificity. The SH2 domain-containing proteins play important roles in various physiological processes and are involved in cancer development. This study reveals how lipids control SH2 domain-mediated cellular protein interaction networks and suggests a new strategy for the therapeutic modulation of pY-signaling pathways.

How we know when to empty our bladders Posted: 28 Mar 2016 05:53 AM PDT A discovery has been made on just how we know when to empty our bladders, which may have the potential to lead to new therapeutic interventions for bladder dysfunction.

Molecular mechanism for higher brain functions, neuropsychiatric disorders Posted: 28 Mar 2016 05:51 AM PDT Intracellular protein trafficking is important for higher brain functions such as learning and memory, new research has found. The research group showed that a molecule, ARHGAP33 regulates synaptic functions and behaviors via intracellular protein trafficking and that the lack of ARHGAP33 causes neuropsychiatric disorder-related impaired higher brain functions.

Breastfeeding, vaccinations help reduce ear infection rates in babies Posted: 28 Mar 2016 05:49 AM PDT In what would be considered good news for many parents, a new study finds the rates of ear infections during a baby's first year have declined; the investigators suggested that higher rates of breastfeeding, use of vaccinations and lower rates of smoking may be the major contributors.

Cigarettes cheaper than e-cigarettes in 44 of 45 countries studied Posted: 28 Mar 2016 05:49 AM PDT Combustible tobacco cigarettes cost less to purchase than equivalent amounts of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in 44 of 45 countries sampled around the world.

Choosing to die at home does not hasten death for patients with terminal cancer Posted: 28 Mar 2016 05:48 AM PDT A large study from Japan found that cancer patients who died at home tended to live longer than those who died in hospitals.

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