ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• How depression may compound risk of type 2 diabetes
• Replacing butter with vegetable oils does not cut heart disease risk
• The trouble with drinking guidelines: What, in the world, is a standard drink?
• Over-the-counter drug may reverse chronic vision damage caused by multiple sclerosis
• Workstations: Standing up for comfort
• Mobility plays important role in development for toddlers with disabilities
• Southern California's reduction in smog linked to major improvement in children's health
• Benefits to using telehealth with ASD families
• Potential role for vaccine in malaria elimination
• Mobile phone surveillance could help tackle rabies
• First description of 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Rio de Janiero
• Single-cell analysis of embryos reveals mis-segregation of parental genomes
• Letting every voice be heard
• Early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder accelerates recovery, but does not sustain it
• International college students are less likely to experience violent crimes
• An invisible system to rescue the heart
• Understanding genes linked to autism-relevant behavior in high-risk siblings
• Scientists reveal new target for anti-lymphangiogenesis drugs
• Prevalence of homosexuality in men is stable throughout time since many carry the genes
• Antibiotic resistance genes increasing
• Sexually transmitted infections, peer pressure may have turned humans into monogamists
• More blood vessels in adipose tissue may alleviate type 2 diabetes
• Physicians' knowledge about FDA approval standards for 'breakthrough therapy'
• Multifaceted quality improvement intervention does not reduce risk of death in ICUs
• Scientists find 'secret sauce' for personalized, functional insulin-producing cells
• Liver disease risk increased by type 2 diabetes
• Coordinated response could reduce spread of emerging superbug in health facilities by more than 75 percent, study suggests
• Commercializing gas bubbles for cancer drug delivery
• Study provides new understanding of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
• Same immune-system proteins may first giveth, then taketh away motor control
• Angiogenesis factor found to promote three age-related diseases of the eye
• New insights into how the brain adapts to stress
• Researchers identify root of chronic pain as potential new drug target
• Discovery in roundworms may one day help humans with spinal cord injury and paralysis
• It's a small world: Network of circadian neurons communicate to re-establish synchronization
• Improving treatments for post-Ebola syndrome sufferers
• Biomarker discovery offers hope for new TB vaccine
• Children of older mothers do better
• Misregulation of DNA building blocks associated with the development of colon cancer
• Anorexia-like condition in mice triggered by combination of genetic risk, stress, dieting
• Newly discovered proteins may protect against aging's illnesses
• Mapping city hotspots for Zika mosquito
• Even low levels of air pollution appear to affect a child’s lungs
• PET scans guiding chemo boosts remission for Hodgkin patients
• Lung ultrasound may be a safe substitute for chest x-ray when diagnosing pneumonia in children
• Tissue biomarker for dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease
• Firefighters' positioning system may be used to monitor walking difficulty for elderly
• Mathematics to fight cancer
• Key switch in the immune system regulated by splicing
• Patients with learning disabilities less likely to be diagnosed with cancer, but have higher rates of serious mental health issues compared to general public
• New method to determine the content of inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs
• Rewarding children with food could lead to emotional eating
• Concussion can alter parent-child relationships
• Public health study: Private gardens are more restorative than lounges

How depression may compound risk of type 2 diabetes Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:13 PM PDT Depression may compound the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in people with such early warning signs of metabolic disease as obesity, high blood pressure and unhealthy cholesterol levels, according to researchers from McGill University, l'Universitchr('233') de Montrchr('233')al, the Institut de recherches cliniques de Montrchr('233')al and the University of Calgary.

Replacing butter with vegetable oils does not cut heart disease risk Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:13 PM PDT New research of old data suggests that using vegetable oils high in linoleic acid failed to reduce heart disease and overall mortality even though the intervention reduced cholesterol levels. And researchers found that consuming vegetable oils might actually be worse for heart health than eating butter.

The trouble with drinking guidelines: What, in the world, is a standard drink? Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:11 PM PDT The controversy over the UK's new safe drinking guidelines revealed how much people within a country can disagree about drinking. It turns out that countries disagree with each other, too.

Over-the-counter drug may reverse chronic vision damage caused by multiple sclerosis Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:11 PM PDT A common antihistamine used to treat symptoms of allergies and the common cold, called clemastine fumarate, partially reversed damage to the visual system in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a preliminary study.

Workstations: Standing up for comfort Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT Researchers were interested in determining if a study using a psychophysical protocol could provide guidance for the development of guidelines for standing computer workstations similar to those for seated workstations.

Mobility plays important role in development for toddlers with disabilities Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT Typical toddlers simultaneously spend about three hours a day in physical activity, play and engagement with objects such as toys, while their peers with mobility disabilities are less likely to engage in all of those behaviors at the same time, new research shows.

Southern California's reduction in smog linked to major improvement in children's health Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT A study that tracked Southern California children over a 20-year period has found they now have significantly fewer respiratory symptoms as a result of improved air quality. Researchers examined a health issue that makes many parents anxious while pulling at their pocketbooks: bronchitic symptoms that could land otherwise healthy children in a doctor's office or hospital.

Benefits to using telehealth with ASD families Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT Parents with children on the autism spectrum are able to have a specialist address challenging behavior in these children by interacting over the computer, too -- and at less than half of the cost of receiving similar care in person, suggests a new report.

Potential role for vaccine in malaria elimination Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT Although the World Health Organization decided not to recommend the use of RTS,S/AS01, the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate that is in development, in infants within the Expanded Programme of Immunisations (EPI), termination of further development of RTS,S/AS01 would be a loss for malaria elimination efforts, according to a new article.

Mobile phone surveillance could help tackle rabies Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT A mobile-phone-based system for rabies surveillance in Tanzania is demonstrating huge potential for mobile technologies to improve public health service delivery, especially in resource-poor settings, according to a new article.

First description of 2015 Zika virus outbreak in Rio de Janiero Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT Since the recent link to severe neurological defects in infants born to mothers infected during pregnancy, Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a public health and research priority. A new study reports details from the 2015 Zika outbreak in Rio de Janeiro -- the first with a high proportion of cases confirmed by molecular diagnosis--and proposes changes to the current diagnostic criteria for ZIKV disease.

Single-cell analysis of embryos reveals mis-segregation of parental genomes Posted: 12 Apr 2016 01:03 PM PDT Single-cell embryos contain a set of maternal and paternal chromosomes, and as the embryo grows, daughter cells receive a copy of each. In a new study, researchers have discovered errors during the earliest stages of embryonic development can lead to entire sets of maternal and paternal chromosomes segregating into different cells, resulting in chimeric embryos.

Letting every voice be heard Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:53 AM PDT As with any muscle in the body, prolonged or improper use can cause injuries to these vocal cord muscles causing a partial or even complete loss of the voice.

Early treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder accelerates recovery, but does not sustain it Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:53 AM PDT The majority of people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) recover after early treatment -- but a substantial number still suffer for years after a traumatic event even with early clinical interventions, according to a study.

International college students are less likely to experience violent crimes Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:49 AM PDT International students attending universities in the United States, particularly females, may be less at risk for violent, non-sexual victimization than their domestic counterparts, due, in part, to their choices in lifestyles and activities, new research suggests.

An invisible system to rescue the heart Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:47 AM PDT In a new heart failure study, the blood system is being explored for the purpose of improving heart function. The study has revealed the potential of a secondary system that had previously received scant attention.

Understanding genes linked to autism-relevant behavior in high-risk siblings Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:47 AM PDT Psychology researchers are searching for early markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), following a study predicting ASD symptoms from children's behavior in the first year of life. Infants who demonstrated less initiating joint attention, using eye contact to share an experience with another person, tended to have higher levels of autism symptoms at age three.

Scientists reveal new target for anti-lymphangiogenesis drugs Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:47 AM PDT In an emerging field of research, a study reveals a mechanism in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis. Scientists identified a new target for drug treatment to prevent conditions caused by lymphangiogenesis, which include some blinding eye diseases, organ transplant rejection, and cancer metastasis.

Prevalence of homosexuality in men is stable throughout time since many carry the genes Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:26 AM PDT Around half of all heterosexual men and women potentially carry so-called homosexuality genes that are passed on from one generation to the next. This has helped homosexuality to be present among humans throughout history, even though homosexual men normally do not have many descendants who can directly inherit their genes.

Antibiotic resistance genes increasing Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:26 AM PDT Around the world, antibiotic use and resistance is increasing while the discovery of new antibiotics has nearly halted. This troubling trend is exacerbated by concentrated animal feeding operations. Results from the study show that in large swine farms where antibiotics are used continuously in feed for growth promotion and disease prevention, multidrug-resistant bacteria are likely the norm rather than the exception.

Sexually transmitted infections, peer pressure may have turned humans into monogamists Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:20 AM PDT Prehistoric humans may have developed social norms that favor monogamy and punish polygamy thanks to the presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and peer pressure, according to new research. As hunter-gatherers began living in larger populations of early settled agriculturalists, the spread of STIs could explain a shift towards the emergence of social norms that favored one sexual partner over many.

More blood vessels in adipose tissue may alleviate type 2 diabetes Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:20 AM PDT The International Diabetes Federation has declared diabetes 'A Global Emergency' in urgent need of effective therapies. A recently published study suggests that generating healthy blood vessels in adipose tissue could provide help in normalizing metabolic balance in obese people who develop type 2 diabetes.

Physicians' knowledge about FDA approval standards for 'breakthrough therapy' Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:20 AM PDT In a new study, researchers surveyed internists and specialists to examine their knowledge about U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval standards and perceptions of the 'breakthrough therapy' designation.

Multifaceted quality improvement intervention does not reduce risk of death in ICUs Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:20 AM PDT Implementation of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention with daily checklists, goal setting, and clinician prompting did not reduce in-hospital mortality compared with routine care among critically ill patients treated in intensive care units in Brazil, according to a new study.

Scientists find 'secret sauce' for personalized, functional insulin-producing cells Posted: 12 Apr 2016 10:20 AM PDT Researchers uncover molecular switch to make effective sugar-responsive, insulin-releasing cells in a dish, offering hope for diabetes therapy.

Liver disease risk increased by type 2 diabetes Posted: 12 Apr 2016 08:07 AM PDT People with type 2 diabetes are at greater risk of serious liver disease than those without the condition, new research has shown. Researchers warn that hospital admissions and deaths caused by liver disease are likely to rise if cases of type 2 diabetes continue to increase at current rates.

Coordinated response could reduce spread of emerging superbug in health facilities by more than 75 percent, study suggests Posted: 12 Apr 2016 08:07 AM PDT A simulation of how the so-called "superbug" carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) might spread among health care facilities found that coordinated efforts prevented more than 75 percent of the often-severe infections that would have otherwise occurred over a five-year period.

Commercializing gas bubbles for cancer drug delivery Posted: 12 Apr 2016 08:05 AM PDT Researchers are now working to design stable micro-bubbles which, combined with ultrasound, can deliver cancer drugs straight to the target tumor.

Study provides new understanding of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Posted: 12 Apr 2016 08:03 AM PDT A research team provides a paradigm shift in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic peripheral neuropathy and wound healing in the treatment of corneal and skin diabetic ulcers.

Same immune-system proteins may first giveth, then taketh away motor control Posted: 12 Apr 2016 08:03 AM PDT A family of proteins with important roles in the immune system may be responsible for fine-tuning a person's motor control as they grow -- and for their gradual loss of muscle function as they age. The new research potentially reveals a biological cause of weakness and instability in older people, as well as a possible future treatment that would target the proteins specifically.

Angiogenesis factor found to promote three age-related diseases of the eye Posted: 12 Apr 2016 08:00 AM PDT Increased expression of the angiogenic factor VEGF-A promotes three common aging-related eye conditions - both versions of age-related macular degeneration and also cataracts - in an animal model, report scientists.

New insights into how the brain adapts to stress Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:59 AM PDT Genes in the brain that play a crucial role in behavioral adaptation to stressful challenges are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. Adaptation to stress is known to require changes in the expression of so-called immediate-early genes in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, a brain region that plays a crucial role in learning and memory, scientsts report.

Researchers identify root of chronic pain as potential new drug target Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:53 AM PDT A research team has revealed new information on the underlying mechanisms of cell circuits in a part of the brain for novel therapeutic strategies to treat chronic pain.

Discovery in roundworms may one day help humans with spinal cord injury and paralysis Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:53 AM PDT A newly discovered pathway leading to the regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) brain cells (neurons) in a type of roundworm (C. elegans) sheds light on the adult human nervous system's ability to regenerate.

It's a small world: Network of circadian neurons communicate to re-establish synchronization Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:53 AM PDT Researchers reveal, to single-cell resolution, the network of circadian neurons that communicate to re-establish synchronization.

Improving treatments for post-Ebola syndrome sufferers Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:49 AM PDT A year on from the Ebola outbreaks in West Africa, and many Ebola survivors are now suffering symptoms of post-Ebola syndrome (PES), including vision complications, joint and muscle pain and psychiatric and neurological problems. New findings into post-Ebola syndrome are now being presented by scientists.

Biomarker discovery offers hope for new TB vaccine Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:49 AM PDT Researchers have identified new biomarkers for Tuberculosis (TB) which have shown for the first time why immunity from the widely used Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is so variable.

Children of older mothers do better Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:48 AM PDT The benefits associated with being born in a later year outweigh the biological risks associated with being born to an older mother.

Misregulation of DNA building blocks associated with the development of colon cancer Posted: 12 Apr 2016 07:48 AM PDT When cells divide, the proper balance between the four DNA building blocks is required in order for the DNA to be copied without the introduction of potentially harmful mutations. Researchers have now shown a connection between levels of DNA building blocks -- dNTPs -- and colon cancer.

Anorexia-like condition in mice triggered by combination of genetic risk, stress, dieting Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:15 AM PDT A new mouse model has been described, featuring a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors that can trigger the compulsive restriction of food intake seen in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Newly discovered proteins may protect against aging's illnesses Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:15 AM PDT Tested in both mice and human cells and produced in the energy-producing mitochondria of cells, the proteins may lead to greater understanding of aging-related diseases from diabetes to Alzheimer's to cancer.

Mapping city hotspots for Zika mosquito Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:15 AM PDT Mapping a city to detect Zika mosquito hotspots. Fashion accessories infused with a long-acting mosquito repellant. A special soap that keeps mosquitos away. Those are among the winning ideas from a Johns Hopkins University hackathon that drew participants from Baltimore to Brazil looking for ways to help prevent the spread of the Zika virus.

Even low levels of air pollution appear to affect a child’s lungs Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:13 AM PDT Dramatic improvements in air quality in U.S. cities since the 1990s may not be enough to ensure normal lung function in children, according to new research.

PET scans guiding chemo boosts remission for Hodgkin patients Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:13 AM PDT Using PET imaging to guide chemotherapy treatment significantly increases the number of people who go into remission and also decreases toxic side effects for people with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma, according to new research.

Lung ultrasound may be a safe substitute for chest x-ray when diagnosing pneumonia in children Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:11 AM PDT Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Lung ultrasound has been shown to be highly effective and safe for diagnosing pneumonia in children, scientists report in a new article.

Tissue biomarker for dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:10 AM PDT Accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, and the related disease "dementia with Lewy bodies," can be difficult in the early stages of both conditions. While brain biopsies can be more accurate, the risk of complications has been considered too high. New research indicates that a biopsy of the submandibular gland can help identify the same pathology that is seen in the brain, providing some of the increased accuracy of brain biopsy, but not the increased risk.

Firefighters' positioning system may be used to monitor walking difficulty for elderly Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:07 AM PDT A positioning system adapted for use in fire rescue operations will soon be tested on senior citizens in Sweden as a way to spot signs of early stage Parkinson's disease and other mobility problems. Inside the heel of a boot, advanced sensors make it possible for emergency operations commanders to follow smoke divers' exact movements in any building — even 25 metres below ground. The system, which includes an accelerometer and gyroscope, plus a processor, can withstand shock and high temperatures and remains operational where GPS positioning systems fail.

Mathematics to fight cancer Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:07 AM PDT Mathematicians and physicians have developed a new model for immunotherapy of cancer. The method could help to develop new treatment strategies and to understand why some approaches do not work with certain tumors.

Key switch in the immune system regulated by splicing Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:07 AM PDT The protein MALT1 is an important switch in immune cells and affects their activity. Researchers report that this activation is not always equally strong. Through alternative splicing, two variants of the protein may arise which have a stronger or weaker effect on the immune system. Understanding this process is important for the pharmacological use of MALT1.

Patients with learning disabilities less likely to be diagnosed with cancer, but have higher rates of serious mental health issues compared to general public Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:07 AM PDT Coronary heart disease and cancer rates among people with learning disabilities are nearly a third lower than the general population, shows new research.

New method to determine the content of inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:07 AM PDT A new European standard method to determine the content of inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs has been developed, report scientists. Inorganic arsenic is carcinogenic according to the World Health Organization. Being able to accurately measure the substance in different foods is necessary to ensure that the content is below the maximum levels recently set by the European Commission to protect consumers.

Rewarding children with food could lead to emotional eating Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:07 AM PDT Parents who use very overly controlling feeding practices with their children, such as using food as a reward or a treat, could be unintentionally teaching their children to rely on food to deal with their emotions. These children may be more likely to  'emotionally eat' later in childhood, a longitudinal study of parents and their children suggests.

Concussion can alter parent-child relationships Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:07 AM PDT The adverse effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on the quality parent-child relationships are revealed in a new article. The young brain is particularly vulnerable to injury and one of the first visible signs of social difficulties in young children is a decline in their relationship with their parents. Parents should watch for emotional and behavioral changes in their children.

Public health study: Private gardens are more restorative than lounges Posted: 12 Apr 2016 06:03 AM PDT It is no surprise that most users of private green spaces generally consider them to be very restorative. In the recent study, respondents rated gardens as being significantly more restorative than their lounges, balconies or terraces. It seems that the decisive factor is the relationship the user has with the garden.

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