ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Transgender college students at higher risk for suicide attempts after denial of access to bathrooms, appropriate housing, study finds
• Return of vaccine-preventable diseases has implications for hospital care
• Research improves conductive plastic for health, energy, other technologies
• Causes of childhood obesity complex, but families, media play key roles
• Prison's extended punch
• Surgeons develop innovative technique for reconstructing breast after mastectomy
• Religious rhetoric not helpful in anti-alcohol messages
• Scientists describe new research model to enhance Zika virus research
• Scientists propose treatment for severe lung diseases
• Aspirin use may help prevent bile duct cancer, study finds
• When it comes to a child's weight in the ER, Mom knows best
• Factors that may influence influenza vaccine effectiveness
• Endogenous oxidants: New methods for monitoring processes in the organism
• Media coverage of celebrities with breast cancer influencing rise in double mastectomy
• Study examines safety, immune response of candidate Ebola vaccines
• New treatment for advanced melanoma shows promise
• Toward quieting the brain
• How much do we really see?
• Antiviral protein linked to depressed mood in mice
• Eating dark chocolate as a daily snack could help boost athletic performance
• Half of long-stay nursing home residents go to hospital ED regardless of cognitive status
• The more you run, the denser your bones will be
• Health problems may predict traumatic brain injuries in older adults
• Watercress extract detoxifies carcinogens in smokers, clinical trial demonstrates
• Research paves way for monocyte based cell therapy
• Medicaid expansion significantly boosts insurance coverage among low-income adults
• Delaying radiation therapy for women with very early breast cancer ups recurrence
• Scientists identify genes connected to wellbeing, depression and neuroticism
• Microbial biosensor designed to evaluate water toxicity
• Is your home harming you? New research highlights deadly effects of indoor pollution
• New hope for treating atheriosclerosis
• New therapy strategies for primary sclerosing cholangitis indicate initial success
• Double advantage of potential new diabetes treatment
• Increased saturated fat intake linked to aggressive prostate cancer
• Compound from hops lowers cholesterol, blood sugar and weight gain
• First computer program developed to detect DNA mutations in single cancer cells
• Study identifies specific work factors that predict sleep problems
• Females more resistant to organ damage following kidney transplant
• Guidelines Updated: Botulinum toxin for spasticity, headache, other brain disorders
• New pathway that may trigger asthma discovered
• Diabetes drug, metformin, lowers risk of heart disease deaths better than sulfonylureas
• Healthy diet may reduce high blood pressure risk after gestational diabetes
• New study finds shifted sleep-wake cycles affect women more than men
• Metastasis-promoting circulating tumor cell clusters pass through capillary-sized vessels
• New HPV vaccine could curb cervical cancers and health costs if adopted widely
• Precision prevention of colorectal cancer
• Islet transplantation restores blood sugar awareness and control in type 1 diabetes

Transgender college students at higher risk for suicide attempts after denial of access to bathrooms, appropriate housing, study finds Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:55 AM PDT Transgender university and college students are at a significantly higher risk for suicide attempts when their campus experience includes denial of access to bathrooms and gender-appropriate campus housing, according to researchers.

Return of vaccine-preventable diseases has implications for hospital care Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:55 AM PDT With the re-emergence of measles, mumps, diphtheria, and other vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), many healthcare providers are encountering these diseases—and their potentially serious and even fatal outcomes—for the first time. A new article presents a review and update for hospital-based providers who may encounter VPDs—particularly the operating room and intensive care unit.

Research improves conductive plastic for health, energy, other technologies Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT An international team of scientists has developed methods to improve the performance of a conductive plastic that can be used in devices that interface with the human body.

Causes of childhood obesity complex, but families, media play key roles Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT Although the causes of obesity are complex, families have significant influence on children's dietary habits and weight, and should be involved in planning healthy living campaigns and efforts to curb food marketing that targets children, suggest a new study.

Prison's extended punch Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT A study of female inmates suggests those who grew up in homes where at least one adult was incarcerated were at greater risk for lifelong neurological problems.

Surgeons develop innovative technique for reconstructing breast after mastectomy Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:54 AM PDT Plastic surgeons have developed a new breast reconstruction technique that combines advantages of two different types of microsurgical procedures using abdominal and other tissue to reconstruct the breast after a mastectomy.

Religious rhetoric not helpful in anti-alcohol messages Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:47 AM PDT Does including a religious message in a public service announcement warning of the dangers of alcohol use make a difference to the viewer, especially if that person lives in a Middle Eastern country in which the predominate religion is Muslim? While one might think it would help sway an opinion, recent research indicates that's not necessarily the case.

Scientists describe new research model to enhance Zika virus research Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:47 AM PDT One of the first mouse models has been developed for the study of the Zika virus. The model will allow researchers to better understand how the virus causes disease and aid in the development of antiviral compounds and vaccines.

Scientists propose treatment for severe lung diseases Posted: 19 Apr 2016 11:47 AM PDT Researchers are developing a new drug to treat life-threatening lung damage and breathing problems in people with severe infections like pneumonia, those undergoing certain cancer treatments and premature infants with underdeveloped, injury prone lungs. Scientists report that a transcription factor called FOXF1 activates several biological processes that promote recovery from acute lung injury.

Aspirin use may help prevent bile duct cancer, study finds Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:03 AM PDT Aspirin use is associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing bile duct cancer, also called cholangiocarcinoma, report scientists at the conclusion of their study.

When it comes to a child's weight in the ER, Mom knows best Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Parents outperform even sophisticated measurement systems in emergency departments when it comes to estimating their children's body weight, according to the results of a systematic review of the literature on pediatric weight estimation.

Factors that may influence influenza vaccine effectiveness Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Currently, seasonal flu vaccines are designed to induce high levels of protective antibodies against hemagglutinin (HA), a protein found on the surface of the influenza virus that enables the virus to enter a human cell and initiate infection. New research found that higher levels of antibody against a different flu surface protein -- neuraminidase (NA) -- were the better predictor of protection against flu infection and its unpleasant side effects.

Endogenous oxidants: New methods for monitoring processes in the organism Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT Two novel biological measuring systems have been developed that facilitate better analysis of disease-relevant changes in the oxidation state of cells. One of the methods can be used, for the first time, to observe variations and changes in cellular oxidation states in tissue sections. The other is a newly developed biosensor that is a sensitive enough to facilitate real-time measurements of subtle oxidative changes in metabolism.

Media coverage of celebrities with breast cancer influencing rise in double mastectomy Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:01 AM PDT An increase in women with breast cancer choosing double mastectomy may be influenced by media coverage of celebrities, a new study finds.

Study examines safety, immune response of candidate Ebola vaccines Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT A phase 1 trial has been conducted to evaluate the tolerability and immunogenicity of two candidate Ebola vaccines, an adenovirus type 26 vector vaccine (Ad26.ZEBOV), and a modified Ankara vector vaccine (MVA-BN-Filo).

New treatment for advanced melanoma shows promise Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT Researchers examined tumor response and overall survival following administration of the antibody pembrolizumab among patients with advanced melanoma.

Toward quieting the brain Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT Chronic brain diseases such as epilepsy involve disturbances of the brain's electrical activity. Finding new and better ways to correct them is the dream of millions of patients, their physicians and researchers.

How much do we really see? Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT Glance out the window and then close your eyes. Maybe you noticed it's raining and there was a man carrying an umbrella. Did you catch the shape of its handle? Probably not. Some neuroscientists would say that your eyes still capture everything in front of you. But there are flaws to this logic, researchers argue. It may be that our vision only reflects the gist of what we see.

Antiviral protein linked to depressed mood in mice Posted: 19 Apr 2016 10:00 AM PDT The flu and other viral infections have long been known to cause mood changes, beyond the more familiar symptoms of fever and sore throat. A study in mice now reveals how the antiviral immune response alters brain activity. Upon infection, brain cells lining blood vessels produce a protein called CXCL10, which impairs neuronal firing in the hippocampus -- a brain region important in learning, memory, and mood.

Eating dark chocolate as a daily snack could help boost athletic performance Posted: 19 Apr 2016 09:01 AM PDT Dark chocolate has already been hailed for its positive effects on cardiovascular health – and now a new study has found the tasty treat could help give sports enthusiasts an extra edge in their fitness training.

Half of long-stay nursing home residents go to hospital ED regardless of cognitive status Posted: 19 Apr 2016 09:01 AM PDT Almost half of long-stay nursing home residents experience at least one transfer to an ED over course of a year regardless of cognitive status. Only about a third of these individuals were subsequently admitted to the hospital, new research shows.

The more you run, the denser your bones will be Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:42 AM PDT Researchers have analyzed the effect of endurance running training on the stiffness index, a variable that is directly related to bone quality. The results confirm that the greater the race distance that is trained, the better; this can be used, therefore, to prevent the progressive decline in bone mineral density that occurs with age. In healthy individuals, bone quality – chiefly determined by bone mineral density – depends on factors such as sex, age, race and diet. It can be modified, however, by making life style changes -for instance by doing regular exercise.

Health problems may predict traumatic brain injuries in older adults Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:41 AM PDT Researchers set out to learn about the risk factors for traumatic brain injuries in older adults so that healthcare professionals can develop strategies to prevent these types of injuries whenever possible.

Watercress extract detoxifies carcinogens in smokers, clinical trial demonstrates Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:41 AM PDT Watercress extract taken multiple times a day significantly inhibits the activation of a tobacco-derived carcinogen in cigarette smokers, researchers demonstrated in a phase II clinical trial.

Research paves way for monocyte based cell therapy Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:01 AM PDT Adult circulating monocytes that get access to the macrophage niche in the liver or the lung can acquire identical tissue-specific macrophage functions and self-maintenance capacities as macrophages of embryonic origin, scientists have discovered. This paves the way towards monocyte-based cellular therapy in diseases associated with macrophage dysfunction, such as the disease known as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Using a mouse model for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, the authors demonstrate that this rare disease can be cured by a single transfer of monocytes.

Medicaid expansion significantly boosts insurance coverage among low-income adults Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT States that expanded Medicaid coverage under the Affordable Care Act saw a significant increase in rates of health insurance among low-income adults compared with states that did not expand the program, researcher have found. They also found improved quality of coverage, more frequent use of health care, and increased rates of diagnoses for chronic health conditions.

Delaying radiation therapy for women with very early breast cancer ups recurrence Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT Delaying radiation therapy too long after surgery significantly increases the risk of recurrent tumors in women treated for very early, or what is referred to as 'stage 0,' breast cancer, according to new research.

Scientists identify genes connected to wellbeing, depression and neuroticism Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT In one of the largest genomic studies to date, a group of more than 190 scientists have identified genes that are tied to depression, neuroticism and subjective wellbeing. Some of these genes also have links to issues such as schizophrenia and anxiety disorder.

Microbial biosensor designed to evaluate water toxicity Posted: 19 Apr 2016 07:00 AM PDT A paper-based biosensor covered with bacteria has been designed to detect water toxicity. This is an innovative and inexpensive biological tool which can be easy to use in economically restricted areas or developing countries.

Is your home harming you? New research highlights deadly effects of indoor pollution Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:45 AM PDT Indoor pollution from smoke, building materials and spores kills millions each year, say researchers. New work offers insight into 'Sick Building Syndrome' and how new smart cities could help combat air quality issues. Lack of real-time air pollution data hinders simple safety precautions that could improve health and wellbeing, say authors.

New hope for treating atheriosclerosis Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:39 AM PDT An American mother's hunch might result in new treatments for patients who can't tolerate conventional cholesterol-lowering drugs.

New therapy strategies for primary sclerosing cholangitis indicate initial success Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:38 AM PDT The new therapy strategy for primary sclerosing cholangitis, a liver disease that at present still cannot be cured with medication, shows initial measureable success with the nor-ursodeoxycholic acid (norUrso). A multi-centric phase II study with 45 involved centers from all across Europe demonstrated that when norUrso was administered to 161 patients for the first time "there were significant improvements in liver function test results in all tested dosing" according one researcher.

Double advantage of potential new diabetes treatment Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:32 AM PDT Blocking the hormone that raises sugar levels in the blood could increase insulin levels while keeping blood sugar levels down, report investigators. The findings in mice point to a novel way to treat diabetes -- but only in some patients. They also challenge the benefits of the strategy in severely diabetic patients.

Increased saturated fat intake linked to aggressive prostate cancer Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:19 AM PDT A link between higher intake of dietary saturated fat, a type of fat found commonly in foods such as fatty beef and cheese, and risk of aggressive prostate cancer has been identified by a research team.

Compound from hops lowers cholesterol, blood sugar and weight gain Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:18 AM PDT A recent study has identified specific intake levels of xanthohumol, a natural flavonoid found in hops, that significantly improved some of the underlying markers of metabolic syndrome in laboratory animals and also reduced weight gain.

First computer program developed to detect DNA mutations in single cancer cells Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:17 AM PDT A new method for detecting DNA mutations in a single cancer cell has been announced. This is in comparison to current technology that analyzes millions of cells which they believe could have important applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Study identifies specific work factors that predict sleep problems Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:17 AM PDT Specific psychological and social work factors were associated with sleep problems both concurrently and two years after exposure, indicating prolonged consequences, new research suggests. Results show that quantitative job demands, decision control, role conflict and support from a superior in the workplace were the most consistent predictors of troubled sleep, which was characterized by difficulty initiating sleep or disturbed sleep. Findings remained significant after adjustment for potential con-founders such as age, sex and occupation skill level.

Females more resistant to organ damage following kidney transplant Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:17 AM PDT After a kidney transplant, women may experience decreased kidney damage from ischemia reperfusion injury compared to men due to the impact of gender-specific hormones, suggests a new preclinical study and an analysis of patient data .

Guidelines Updated: Botulinum toxin for spasticity, headache, other brain disorders Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:17 AM PDT The American Academy of Neurology has updated its 2008 guidelines on the use of botulinum toxin for spasticity, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm and migraine headache, based on recent research.

New pathway that may trigger asthma discovered Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:17 AM PDT Asthma is an enormous public health problem that continues to grow larger, in part because scientists don't fully understand how it is caused. Existing therapies don't cure the disease and often don't even significantly alleviate the symptoms. Now, scientists have identified a biological pathway that potentially explains why current asthma therapies don't work well in many cases -- and might be targeted to help those patients.

Diabetes drug, metformin, lowers risk of heart disease deaths better than sulfonylureas Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:17 AM PDT A new analysis of 204 studies involving more than 1.4 million people suggests that metformin, the most frequently prescribed stand-alone drug for type 2 diabetes, reduces the relative risk of a patient dying from heart disease by about 30 to 40 percent compared to its closest competitor drug, sulfonylurea.

Healthy diet may reduce high blood pressure risk after gestational diabetes Posted: 19 Apr 2016 05:16 AM PDT Sticking to a healthy diet in the years after pregnancy may reduce the risk of high blood pressure among women who had pregnancy-related (gestational) diabetes, according to a study.

New study finds shifted sleep-wake cycles affect women more than men Posted: 18 Apr 2016 01:16 PM PDT A new study involved the assessment of performance in participants being placed on 28-hour days to shift the sleep-wake cycle out of phase with the brain (circadian) clock. Performance was more affected in women than in men, the results show. Researchers warn that this study has significant implications for female nightshift workers such as nurses, security guards and police officers.

Metastasis-promoting circulating tumor cell clusters pass through capillary-sized vessels Posted: 18 Apr 2016 01:10 PM PDT Investigators have found that circulating tumor cell clusters -- which are more efficient in spreading cancer throughout the body than are single CTCs -- can pass through capillary-sized blood vessels. Their findings contradict the widely-held belief that CTC clusters are too large to pass through capillaries and suggest potential strategies to reduce clusters' metastatic potential.

New HPV vaccine could curb cervical cancers and health costs if adopted widely Posted: 18 Apr 2016 01:09 PM PDT A new vaccine for human papillomavirus would significantly reduce both cervical cancer incidence and healthcare costs if states coordinated policies to improve coverage, a new study shows.

Precision prevention of colorectal cancer Posted: 18 Apr 2016 11:55 AM PDT Experts have debuted their latest progress in precision prevention -- an in-the-works method to predict risk of colorectal cancer that integrates genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors.

Islet transplantation restores blood sugar awareness and control in type 1 diabetes Posted: 18 Apr 2016 09:07 AM PDT New clinical trial results show that transplantation of pancreatic islets -- cell clusters that contain insulin-producing cells -- prevents severe, potentially life-threatening drops in blood sugar in people with type 1 diabetes. Researchers found that the treatment was effective for people who experienced episodes of severe hypoglycemia -- low blood sugar levels that can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness and death -- despite receiving expert care.

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