الخميس، 7 أبريل 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Would changing gait pattern decrease your likelihood of running injuries?

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 03:15 PM PDT

Are runners less injury-prone trekking barefoot than in pricey running shoes? Maybe, according to a new literature review. Advances in running shoe technology in the last 40 years have not reduced injuries, but racing 'barefoot' in shoes with minimal cushioning could help runners change their strides and landing patterns to prevent repetitive heel pain and stress fractures.

Ancient Algae Offer New Hope for Hard-to-Treat Cancers

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 01:57 PM PDT

In one of the oldest life forms on Earth, scientists have discovered a new compound that shows potent anti-cancer activity. Researchers are pursuing the compound as a possible new therapy for brain tumors and triple negative breast cancer.

How a metabolic pathway promotes breast cancer metastasis

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 01:54 PM PDT

A metabolic pathway that is up-regulated in some breast cancers promotes the disease's progression by activating a signaling protein called Arf6, according to a paper. The study suggests that statin-like drugs may be effective treatments for breast cancer patients whose tumors express high levels of Arf6 signaling proteins.

Age and mobility predict death better than one's 'molecular clock'

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 01:52 PM PDT

When it comes to predicting death, more rudimentary measures -- like a person's age or ability to walk or climb stairs -- are much more powerful predictors of survival than certain biomarkers. When comparing a broad set of survival indicators against telomere length -- DNA sequences that shrink with age -- the researchers found that using telomere length to predict mortality was only marginally better than a 'coin toss.' Age is, by far, the best predictor of death.

Stroke survivors face 'invisible impairments' to return to work

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 01:52 PM PDT

'Invisible impairments' can make it difficult for stroke survivors to maintain a job, according to a new study . The findings suggest that more needs to be done to make survivors, their GPs and employers aware of the difficulties that they may face.

New tool tailors drug dosing for patients

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 01:52 PM PDT

A new computational tool successfully tested in a small pilot trial harnesses clinical data to predict the optimal drug dose for an individual.

Genetic elements that drive regeneration uncovered

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 11:04 AM PDT

Salamanders and fish possess genes that can enable healing of damaged tissue and even regrowth of missing limbs. The key to regeneration lies not only in the genes, but in the DNA sequences that regulate expression of those genes in response to an injury. Researchers have discovered regulatory sequences that they call 'tissue regeneration enhancer elements' or TREEs, which can turn on genes in injury sites.

Researchers visualize brain's serotonin pump, provide blueprint for new, more effective SSRIs

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 11:03 AM PDT

Researchers have uncovered remarkably detailed 3-D views of one of the most important transporters in the brain -- the serotonin transporter. Their study provides fresh insight into how citalopram and paroxetine, two of the most widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, interact with and inhibit serotonin transport.

Much longer survival for heart transplants across species

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 11:03 AM PDT

A new immune-suppressing therapy has led to the longest survival yet for a cross-species heart transplant, according to new research. The study involved transplanting pig hearts into baboons.

Researchers identify potent antibodies against HIV

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 11:03 AM PDT

Researchers have isolated antibodies with a loop-like structure that binds tightly to HIV and disables it -- even in people who have never been infected by the virus. Using computer modeling, they re-engineered and optimized the antibodies' neutralizing capacity.

Brain guardians remove dying neurons

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 10:36 AM PDT

In a new study, scientists show how immune receptors clear dead and dysfunctional brain cells and how they might be targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases

How bioceramics could help fight gum disease

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:49 AM PDT

The surface of silicon nitride has a lethal effect on the bacteria that commonly cause periodontitis. Now scientists are examining why this happens. Their findings could help inform future efforts to treat the disease.

Genvoya in HIV: Positive effects predominate in some adults, negative effects in others

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:49 AM PDT

Regarding the use of Genvoya in HIV, there is a hint of a minor added benefit for pretreated women, and a hint of lesser benefit for treatment-naive adults.

Paper-based test could help prevent food poisoning

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:49 AM PDT

Food poisoning is a stomach-churning, miserable condition that sends thousands of Americans to hospital emergency rooms every year. Now scientists report a simple, paper-based test that could help detect pathogens hitchhiking on food before they reach store shelves, restaurants and, most importantly, our stomachs.

Warming climate puts Europe at risk for seasonal outbreaks of dengue fever

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:47 AM PDT

Increasing temperatures will enlarge Europe's seasonal window for the potential spread of mosquito-borne viral disease, expanding the geographic areas at risk for a dengue epidemic to include much of Europe, say researchers.

Outdoor light has role in reducing short-sightedness in kids

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:47 AM PDT

Increasing exposure to outdoor light is the key to reducing the myopia (short-sightedness) epidemic in children, according to ground-breaking research by Australian optometrists. Children need to spend more than an hour and preferably at least two hours a day outside to help prevent myopia from developing and progressing, say experts.

Engineers develop a pill for long-term drug release

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:46 AM PDT

A new type of pill that, once swallowed, can attach to the lining of the gastrointestinal tract and slowly release its contents has been designed by engineers.

For parents of autistic children, more social support means better health

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:46 AM PDT

About one in 68 children in the United States has an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Their parents consistently report greater stress levels, caregiving burden and depression than parents of typically developing children. Chronic caregiving stress has also been associated with poorer physical health -- more pain, more disruptions from physical-health problems and lower overall health-related quality of life. One powerful way to reduce their stress: social support.

Brain responses found to originate from previously unknown source

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:46 AM PDT

Scientists have made an important discovery about the human auditory system and how to study it, findings that could lead to better testing and diagnosis of hearing-related disorders. The researchers detected frequency-following responses (FFR) coming from a part of the brain not previously known to emit them. FFRs are neural signals generated in the brain when people hear sounds.

Saturated fats 'jet lag' body clocks, triggering metabolic disorders, study shows

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:46 AM PDT

New research parses out why saturated fats are 'bad' -- and suggests that it may all be in the timing. The findings show that consumption of saturated fats (specifically palmitate) at certain times may 'jet lag' internal body clocks, triggering metabolic disorders.

Statement on use of antenatal corticosteroids in late preterm birth period

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:43 AM PDT

A statement on the use of antenatal corticosteroids during the late preterm birth period for women at risk of preterm birth has been released by experts.

Cause of Maryland food poisoning outbreak traced to Asia

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:43 AM PDT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus caused an outbreak of food poisoning in Maryland in 2010. The pathogen strain sequenced from patients proved to be the same strain as one of those found in raw oysters from local restaurants, strong evidence that the oysters were the source of the illness. That particular strain of V. parahaemolyticus was not local, but was traced to Asia, report investigators.

Yeast against the machine: Bakers' yeast could improve diagnosis

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:39 AM PDT

It's easier than ever to sequence our DNA, but doctors still can't exactly tell from our genomes which diseases might befall us. Now a research team is setting out to change this by going to basics -- to our billion-year-old cousin, baker's yeast. It turns out our billion-year-old cousin can reveal -- more reliably than leading algorithms -- whether a genetic mutation is actually harmful.

Results of world's first study on new treatment for heroin addiction

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:39 AM PDT

The results of the ground-breaking SALOME research show that chronic heroin addiction now has another effective treatment tool -- hyrdomorphone, a licensed pain medication.

Is there association between MC1R and melanoma risk after controlling for sun?

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:39 AM PDT

There is a well-described association between UV radiation exposure from the sun and the development of melanoma. The development of melanoma independent of sun exposure has only recently been described in mice.

For young people with schizophrenia, physical and mental exercises offer hope

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 09:39 AM PDT

Researchers have found a promising way to tackle the cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. When combined with antipsychotic medication, a rigorous regime of mental and physical exercise can repair what is the most debilitating aspect of the mental illness: deficits in memory, problem solving, speed of processing and social intelligence. More than anything, these deficits are what tend to result in individuals with schizophrenia becoming disabled.

Controlling blood pressure, sugar, cholesterol linked to lower cardiovascular disease

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 07:01 AM PDT

While controlling blood pressure, blood sugar and LDL-cholesterol levels reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes, only 7 percent of diabetic participants in three major heart studies had recommended levels of these three factors, according to new research.

Prescription assistance tied to fewer ER visits

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 07:01 AM PDT

An overall drop in emergency room visits and hospitalizations has been documented by patients who are served by the Spokane Prescription Assistance Network, which helps low income people get free and reduced-price medications.

Resuscitation drugs can be beneficial to restoring heart rhythm after cardiac arrest in certain instances, research shows

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:51 AM PDT

Administering heart resuscitation drugs to patients whose cardiac arrest is witnessed at the time of the attack can improve survival, but needs to be done through an IV line rather than directly into bone marrow as is more commonly done by paramedics, a new study reveals.

Number of adults with diabetes reaches 422 million worldwide, with fastest increases in low and middle income countries

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:49 AM PDT

Since 1980, the number of adults with diabetes worldwide has quadrupled from 108 million to 422 million in 2014. The findings provide the most comprehensive estimates of worldwide diabetes trends to date and show that diabetes is fast becoming a major problem in low and middle income countries.From 1980 to 2014, the prevalence of diabetes more than doubles for men in India and China, a new study concludes. It also suggests that globally, more men than women now have the illness. Half of adults worldwide with diabetes in 2014 lived in five countries: China, India, USA, Brazil and Indonesia.

Men could be spared unnecessary treatment for prostate cancer with new detection method

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:49 AM PDT

Researchers are working to find a way to determine how serious prostate cancer is when first diagnosed to avoid unnecessary treatments, which can cause life long side effects and even death.

SOD-mimetic M40403 is protective in cell and fly models of paraquat toxicity: Implications for Parkinson disease

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:49 AM PDT

Parkinson disease is a debilitating and incurable neurodegenerative disorder, affecting approximately 1-2% of people over sixty-five years old. Oxidative damage is considered to play a central role in the progression of Parkinson disease and strong evidence links chronic exposure to the pesticide paraquat with the incidence of the disease, most probably through the generation of oxidative damage.

Oily fish eaten during pregnancy may reduce risk of asthma in offspring

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:47 AM PDT

Children born to mothers who eat salmon when pregnant may be less likely to have doctor diagnosed asthma compared to children whose mothers do not eat it, new research has shown.

Risk allele for side effects induced by Clozapine identified

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:47 AM PDT

Clozapine (CLZ) is a "gold standard" drug for managing treatment-resistant schizophrenia, who do not respond adequately to first-line antipsychotics. However, despite its efficacy, the use of CLZ is significantly restricted by severe side effects, which are rare but potentially life-threatening.

Minimally invasive treatment could freeze out phantom limb pain

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:45 AM PDT

A pioneering technique significantly reduces phantom limb pain -- chronic pain emanating from the site of amputated limbs .

Restaurant kids' meals make nutrition strides, but leave room for improvement

Posted: 06 Apr 2016 04:45 AM PDT

Many restaurants have made voluntary changes to their kids' menus, including reducing the calories in new items, in advance of menu-labeling legislation that will mandate printed calorie counts. However, many kids' menu items are still high in fat and sodium, leading researchers to question how well children's meals at top restaurants match national nutritional recommendations.

Exome sequencing improves doctors' ability to diagnose hard-to-pin-down neurogenetic disorders

Posted: 05 Apr 2016 07:14 PM PDT

A state-of-the-art molecular genetic test greatly improves the speed and accuracy with which they can diagnose neurogenetic disorders in children and adults, researchers have discovered.

Cannabis use in pregnancy linked to low birthweight and intensive care

Posted: 05 Apr 2016 07:12 PM PDT

Use of cannabis during pregnancy is linked to low birthweight and the need for intensive care, reveals an analysis of the available evidence. As cannabis becomes more socially acceptable, it's important that prospective mums-to-be and clinicians are fully up to speed on the potential harms of using the drug during pregnancy, caution the researchers.

Childhood asthma overdiagnosed, argue leading respiratory doctors

Posted: 05 Apr 2016 07:12 PM PDT

Doctors are overdiagnosing asthma, with inhalers frequently dispensed for no good reason, to the point that they have 'almost become a fashion accessory,' argue two leading respiratory doctors in the UK.

Death of partner linked to heightened risk of irregular heartbeat for up to a year later

Posted: 05 Apr 2016 07:12 PM PDT

The death of a partner is linked to a heightened risk of developing an irregular heartbeat otherwise known as atrial fibrillation -- itself a risk factor for stroke and heart failure -- for up to a year afterwards, finds new research.
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