ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Breakthrough in brain cancer research
• New neuroendovascular technique shows promise in stroke patients with large-vessel clots
• Fire discovery sheds new light on 'hobbit' demise
• Men may face high lifetime risk of sudden cardiac death
• Stem cell treatment for Lou Gehrig's disease may be safe
• Collisions during DNA replication, transcription contribute to mutagenesis
• New technique sorts drivers from passengers in cancer genomics, implicates GON4L
• Immune system link to kidney disease risk, research finds
• Inserting stents through the wrist reduces bleeding, death rates in heart disease patients
• Current stimulation to the brain partially restores vision in patients with glaucoma and optic nerve damage
• Radiation-guided nanoparticles zero in on metastatic cancer
• Little to no association between butter consumption, chronic disease or total mortality
• Rio athletes may benefit from 'leaky gut' therapy
• Total face transplant in patient with severe burns: Team outlines surgical approach
• A protein coat helps chromosomes keep their distance
• New method detects telomere length for research into cancer, aging
• Making better orthopedic surgeons: Track their errors as well as their skills
• Motivation to bully is regulated by brain reward circuits
• Viral protein silences immune alarm signals
• Everolimus R-CHOP combination safe for treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
• Researchers identify the molecular roots of lung damage in preemies with GI disease
• Saved by the sun: Solar-powered oxygen delivery system helps save lives in Uganda
• Allergy-causing 'bad guy' cells unexpectedly prove life-saving in C. difficile
• Rate of decline of cardiovascular deaths slows in US
• Ovarian cancer study uncovers new biology
• Educating parents on healthy infant sleep habits may help prevent obesity
• E-cigarette use among college students: Helpful aid or risky enabler?
• Analysis of 1976 Ebola outbreak holds lessons relevant today
• Modeling NAFLD with human pluripotent stem cell derived immature hepatocyte like cells
• New research could lead to restoring vision for sufferers of retinal disorders
• Protein associated with improved survival in some breast cancer patients
• Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy responsive in microsatellite-stable mCRC comb with MEK inhibition
• Overweight youths at greater risk for heart failure
• Crowd-sourced competition to create 'big data' diagnostic tools
• Certain red flags indicate an increased need for intensive care among patients with asthma
• Physical activity boosts kids' brain power, academic prowess
• Test to predict sepsis in burns patients developed
• Cancer cells play hide-and-seek with immune system
• Can healthy eating reduce diabetes risk?
• Special properties of pneumococci affect their ability to cause meningitis
• No risk of contracting dementia through blood transfusion
• Cannabinoids remove plaque-forming Alzheimer's proteins from brain cells
• New clues about the aging brain's memory functions
• Unlocking the secrets of nerve regeneration
• Testing for malaria -- or cancer -- at home, via cheap paper strips
• Large-scale stability of chromosomes
• Your blood can reveal your risk for heart disease
• Eczema: Daily 'soak and smear' or steer clear?
• Statins controversy linked to rise in UK patients stopping the treatment
• Medical device regulation in the EU and US needs urgent reform, say experts
• New study shows a generational shift toward lighter drinking in Australia
• Childhood binge eating: Families, feeding, and feelings
• Scientists stabilize HIV structure, design potential AIDS vaccine candidates
• Lives in the balance: Why do we hold onto potentially harmful, disease-causing mutations?

Breakthrough in brain cancer research Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:17 PM PDT Scientists have made a pioneering breakthrough in the understanding of how a fatal brain tumor grows -- which could lead to improved treatments for patients.

New neuroendovascular technique shows promise in stroke patients with large-vessel clots Posted: 29 Jun 2016 01:59 PM PDT Scientists report promising 90-day outcomes for stroke patients with large-vessel clots who underwent thrombectomy or clot removal using the direct-aspiration, first pass technique (ADAPT). Approximately 58 percent of stroke patients with a large-vessel clot removed using the technique achieved a good outcome at 90 days, defined as a Modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 0 to 2.

Fire discovery sheds new light on 'hobbit' demise Posted: 29 Jun 2016 01:59 PM PDT Crucial new evidence has revealed modern humans (Homo sapiens) were likely using fire at Liang Bua 41,000 years ago, narrowing the time gap between the last hobbits (Homo floresiensis) and the first modern humans at this site on the Indonesian island of Flores.

Men may face high lifetime risk of sudden cardiac death Posted: 29 Jun 2016 01:59 PM PDT One in nine men may be at higher risk of premature death due to sudden cardiac death - usually with no warning. One in 30 women may face the same risk. A new study offers the first lifetime estimates for sudden cardiac death among Americans. High blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors were associated with a higher lifetime risk of sudden cardiac death -- a finding which could lead to screening methods for sudden cardiac death.

Stem cell treatment for Lou Gehrig's disease may be safe Posted: 29 Jun 2016 01:05 PM PDT A phase II clinical trial in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease, suggests that transplanting human stem cells into the spinal cord may be done safely. While the study was not designed to determine whether the treatment was effective, researchers noted that it did not slow down the progression of the disease.

Collisions during DNA replication, transcription contribute to mutagenesis Posted: 29 Jun 2016 01:02 PM PDT Replication-transcription head-on collisions contribute to mutagenesis, report scientists.

New technique sorts drivers from passengers in cancer genomics, implicates GON4L Posted: 29 Jun 2016 01:02 PM PDT A new study demonstrates a novel method for sorting passenger from driver alterations, and uses this method to pinpoint a new driver and potential therapeutic target in cancer progression, GON4L.

Immune system link to kidney disease risk, research finds Posted: 29 Jun 2016 11:52 AM PDT A gene which forms part of our body's first line of defense against infection may be associated with an increased risk with a type of kidney disease, research indicates.

Inserting stents through the wrist reduces bleeding, death rates in heart disease patients Posted: 29 Jun 2016 11:52 AM PDT Access through the wrist, or radial access, when inserting stents to restore blood flow in heart disease patients has fewer complications and should be the default approach over access through the groin, or femoral access, according to researchers.

Current stimulation to the brain partially restores vision in patients with glaucoma and optic nerve damage Posted: 29 Jun 2016 11:52 AM PDT Vision loss due to glaucoma or optic nerve damage is generally considered irreversible. Now a new prospective, randomized, multi-center clinical trial demonstrates significant vision improvement in partially blind patients after 10 days of noninvasive, transorbital alternating current stimulation. In addition to activation of their residual vision, patients also experienced improvement in vision-related quality of life such as acuity, reading, mobility or orientation.

Radiation-guided nanoparticles zero in on metastatic cancer Posted: 29 Jun 2016 11:52 AM PDT Zap a tumor with radiation to trigger expression of a molecule, then attack that molecule with a drug-loaded nanoparticle, say cancer researchers.

Little to no association between butter consumption, chronic disease or total mortality Posted: 29 Jun 2016 11:52 AM PDT An epidemiological study analyzing the association of butter consumption with chronic disease and mortality finds that butter was only weakly associated with total mortality, not associated with heart disease, and slightly inversely associated (protective) with diabetes.

Rio athletes may benefit from 'leaky gut' therapy Posted: 29 Jun 2016 11:51 AM PDT 'Leaky gut' is a condition where the thin mucosal barrier of the gut, which plays a role in absorbing nutrients and preventing large molecules and germs from the gut entering the blood stream, becomes less effective. It is a particular problem for those taking part in heavy exercise or who are active in hot conditions. New research suggests a simple dietary supplement could help.

Total face transplant in patient with severe burns: Team outlines surgical approach Posted: 29 Jun 2016 11:01 AM PDT Last year, the most extensive clinical face transplant to date was successfully carried out. A complete report on this procedure -- including the extensive organizational and training program created to prepare for it -- has just been published.

A protein coat helps chromosomes keep their distance Posted: 29 Jun 2016 10:59 AM PDT Researchers have identified a protein that disperses chromosomes during cell division. That proteins can function as surfactants inside the cell was completely unexpected.

New method detects telomere length for research into cancer, aging Posted: 29 Jun 2016 10:58 AM PDT Cell biologists have identified a new method for determining the length of telomeres, the endcaps of chromosomes, which can influence cancer progression and aging.

Making better orthopedic surgeons: Track their errors as well as their skills Posted: 29 Jun 2016 10:58 AM PDT In a small study to determine the best way to assess the operating skills of would-be orthopedic surgeons, researchers found that tracking the trainees' performance on cadavers using step-by-step checklists and measures of general surgical skills works well but should be coupled with an equally rigorous system for tracking errors.

Motivation to bully is regulated by brain reward circuits Posted: 29 Jun 2016 10:52 AM PDT Researchers have identified nerve cell communication between specific brain regions, providing insight for the development of new therapeutic strategies, and new information on possible motivation for bullying.

Viral protein silences immune alarm signals Posted: 29 Jun 2016 10:52 AM PDT Viruses must avoid a host's immune system to establish successful infections -- and scientists have discovered another tool that viruses use to frustrate host defenses. New research demonstrates a novel mechanism by which viruses shut down alarm signals that trigger immune responses. This finding may open the door to future tools for controlling unwanted inflammation in severe infections, cancers and other settings.

Everolimus R-CHOP combination safe for treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Posted: 29 Jun 2016 09:58 AM PDT The targeted therapy everolimus may be safely combined with R-CHOP for new, untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma according to the results of a pilot study. R-CHOP is a combination of drugs used to treat lymphoma. The combination includes rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone.

Researchers identify the molecular roots of lung damage in preemies with GI disease Posted: 29 Jun 2016 09:58 AM PDT Scientists have figured out a root cause of the lung damage that occurs in up to 10 percent of premature infants who develop necrotizing enterocolitis, a disorder that damages and kills the lining of the intestine.

Saved by the sun: Solar-powered oxygen delivery system helps save lives in Uganda Posted: 29 Jun 2016 09:58 AM PDT A new twist on the use of renewable energy is saving children's lives in Africa. The innovation -- a solar-powered oxygen delivery system -- is providing concentrated oxygen in hospital for children suffering from severe pneumonia.

Allergy-causing 'bad guy' cells unexpectedly prove life-saving in C. difficile Posted: 29 Jun 2016 09:58 AM PDT Researchers have identified immune cells vital for protecting us from potentially deadly C. difficile. Surprisingly, those cells are often vilified for their role in causing asthma and allergies. But when it comes to C. difficile, they could be the difference in life and death.

Rate of decline of cardiovascular deaths slows in US Posted: 29 Jun 2016 09:56 AM PDT Recent national trends in death rates due to all cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart disease (HD), stroke, and cancer, have been evaluated by research, who also evaluated the gap between mortality rates from heart disease and cancer.

Ovarian cancer study uncovers new biology Posted: 29 Jun 2016 09:56 AM PDT In what is believed to be the largest study of its kind, scientists led a study that examined the proteomes of 169 ovarian cancer patients to identify critical proteins expressed by their tumors.

Educating parents on healthy infant sleep habits may help prevent obesity Posted: 29 Jun 2016 08:10 AM PDT Teaching parents bedtime techniques to encourage healthy sleep habits in their infants may help prevent obesity, according to researchers. Strong links exist between inadequate sleep and childhood obesity.

E-cigarette use among college students: Helpful aid or risky enabler? Posted: 29 Jun 2016 08:00 AM PDT Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use continues to rise, and current data regarding use of e-cigarettes among college students are needed. The study connects e-cigarette use in colleges to high rates of alcohol consumption and other factors such as: gender, race/ethnicity and traditional cigarettes. The rise of e-cigarettes may be a positive consequence of cigarette smokers who use this product to quit smoking or to avoid the toxicity of traditional cigarettes. However, e-cigarette use does not always reflect an attempt to reduce cigarette smoking and may instead indicate a general propensity to use psychoactive substances, especially among emerging adults.

Analysis of 1976 Ebola outbreak holds lessons relevant today Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT With the recent Ebola epidemic in West Africa reviving interest in the first outbreak of the deadly hemorrhagic fever 40 years ago, scientists have published a new report that highlights lessons learned from the smaller, more quickly contained 1976 outbreak.

Modeling NAFLD with human pluripotent stem cell derived immature hepatocyte like cells Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT Researchers have established an in vitro model system for investigating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also called steatosis, is a dramatically under-estimated liver disease, with increasing incidences throughout the world. It is frequently associated with obesity and type-2 diabetes.

New research could lead to restoring vision for sufferers of retinal disorders Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT Engineers and neuroscientists have demonstrated for the first time that the cells in the retina carry out key processing tasks. This could pave the way for improving retinal implants and therefore the sight of thousands of people suffering from retinal disorders, they say.

Protein associated with improved survival in some breast cancer patients Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT A family of proteins that help cancer cells survive and spread around the body may be associated with improved prognosis for some women receiving treatment for breast cancer, research has shown.

Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy responsive in microsatellite-stable mCRC comb with MEK inhibition Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT Anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy may achieve a response in patients with microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer if combined with a MEK inhibitor, according to phase I data.

Overweight youths at greater risk for heart failure Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT Losing weight as an adult is fine if you want to reduce your risk of heart attack. But you don't necessarily reduce the risk of other heart problems if you only start focusing on proper weight and fitness later in life. High BMI when you're young increases the risk of heart failure, say researchers, even if you're dieting away the pounds as you get older. Research indicates that yo-yo dieting is the worst.

Crowd-sourced competition to create 'big data' diagnostic tools Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT A crowdsourced collaboration/competition known as DREAM 9 set out three years ago to develop ideas for computational tools that would help treat patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Certain red flags indicate an increased need for intensive care among patients with asthma Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT In patients admitted to the hospital for asthma, illicit drug use and low socioeconomic status were linked with an increased risk of requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Not adhering to asthma prevention medication further increased this risk.

Physical activity boosts kids' brain power, academic prowess Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT Exercise boosts kids' and young people's brain power and academic prowess, experts say, adding that time taken away from lessons for it is time well spent.

Test to predict sepsis in burns patients developed Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:02 AM PDT A potentially life-saving new test has been developed that will allow clinicians to predict which burn victims will develop sepsis during their treatment, report investigators.

Cancer cells play hide-and-seek with immune system Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:02 AM PDT When the immune system attacks cancer, the tumor modifies itself to escape the immune reaction, report scientists in a new report.

Can healthy eating reduce diabetes risk? Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:02 AM PDT A diet rich in vegetables and fruit may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, according to new research. The study identified a combination of foods that reduce biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, known risk factors for type 2 diabetes. This dietary pattern, high in vegetables and fruit, and low in chips, sugar, and white bread, is also associated with reduced prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

Special properties of pneumococci affect their ability to cause meningitis Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:02 AM PDT Structures on the surface of pneumococci determine the ability of these bacteria to enter the brain and cause severe infections, according to a new paper. Their findings suggest that certain pneumococci that are small in size, and which have a special protein on their surface, can more easily pass through the blood-brain barrier and cause meningitis that may be lethal.

No risk of contracting dementia through blood transfusion Posted: 29 Jun 2016 07:00 AM PDT Previous studies have shown that neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's can be induced in healthy laboratory animals, causing concern that dementia diseases can be transmitted between individuals, possibly via blood transfusions. However, in a new study shows that the diseases are not transmitted.

Cannabinoids remove plaque-forming Alzheimer's proteins from brain cells Posted: 29 Jun 2016 06:56 AM PDT Scientists have found preliminary evidence that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other compounds found in marijuana can promote the cellular removal of amyloid beta, a toxic protein associated with Alzheimer's disease.

New clues about the aging brain's memory functions Posted: 29 Jun 2016 06:56 AM PDT Dopamine D2 receptor is linked to the long-term episodic memory, which function often reduces with age and due to dementia, report researchers. This new insight can contribute to the understanding of why some but not others are affected by memory impairment, they say.

Unlocking the secrets of nerve regeneration Posted: 29 Jun 2016 06:56 AM PDT A glutamate receptor GluD2 was responsible for the regeneration of synapses in the cerebellum, researchers report at the conclusion of a recent study.

Testing for malaria -- or cancer -- at home, via cheap paper strips Posted: 29 Jun 2016 06:56 AM PDT Chemists are developing paper strips that detect diseases including cancer and malaria -- for a cost of 50 cents per strip. The work was created as a way to get cheap malaria diagnoses into the hands of people in rural Africa and southeast Asia, where the disease kills hundreds of thousands of people and infects hundreds of millions every year.

Large-scale stability of chromosomes Posted: 29 Jun 2016 06:48 AM PDT A new study adds detail to the theoretical models used in chromatin simulations and demonstrates that even when made up of a mixture of fibers with different properties chromatin does not alter its three-dimensional structure above a certain spatial resolution. This finding points to a need to improve on current techniques for experimental observation, which are characterized by a resolution that is still too low.

Your blood can reveal your risk for heart disease Posted: 29 Jun 2016 06:48 AM PDT Traditional risk factors only explain a modest proportion of cardiac incidence. New bio markers can help general practitioners to predict patients risk of getting cardiac disease.

Eczema: Daily 'soak and smear' or steer clear? Posted: 29 Jun 2016 06:48 AM PDT For a very long time, parents of kids who have eczema have asked doctors how often they should bathe their child. A new article offers insight into what the research indicates.

Statins controversy linked to rise in UK patients stopping the treatment Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:18 PM PDT A period of intense debate about statins, covered widely in the mainstream media, was followed by a substantial rise in the proportion of people in the UK stopping taking the drug.

Medical device regulation in the EU and US needs urgent reform, say experts Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:17 PM PDT Medical devices approved first in the European Union (EU) are associated with a greater rate of safety issues, finds a study.

New study shows a generational shift toward lighter drinking in Australia Posted: 28 Jun 2016 07:16 PM PDT Alcohol consumption in Australia has declined steadily during the past decade, with per capita consumption in 2013-14 reaching its lowest level since the early 1960s. A new study shows that the overall decline in drinking is due mainly to less drinking among people in their teens and early twenties.

Childhood binge eating: Families, feeding, and feelings Posted: 28 Jun 2016 03:26 PM PDT In order to put childhood binge eating into context, a new systematic review identifies two potential risk factors for binge eating in children under the age of 12. With family being the most proximal and influential setting affecting behaviors and attitudes in children, the study reports that parental non-involvement or emotional unresponsiveness and weight-related teasing in the family are behaviors consistently associated with childhood binge eating.

Scientists stabilize HIV structure, design potential AIDS vaccine candidates Posted: 28 Jun 2016 03:25 PM PDT Want to stop HIV infections? Get the immune system to recognize and attack the virus's tell-tale structure, say researchers. Two new studies advance efforts to produce HIV vaccine candidates, potentially suitable for large-scale production.

Lives in the balance: Why do we hold onto potentially harmful, disease-causing mutations? Posted: 28 Jun 2016 03:25 PM PDT The persistence of heritable disease raises an evolutionary paradox. When DNA goes awry, and a harmful mutation sprouts up that affects survival, why aren't these simply purged from a population over generations? Authors of a new report have performed the first systematic test of a counteracting evolutionary force that may work to maintain disease mutations at a higher frequency than expected. This force, called balancing selection, can lead to the maintenance of mutations over long evolutionary times.

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