ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Nanotech 'tattoo' can map emotions and monitor muscle activity
• Study explains how a protein deficiency causes spinal muscular atrophy
• Alzheimer's detected before symptoms via new eye technology
• Hops extract studied to prevent breast cancer
• Gut bacteria can cause, predict and prevent rheumatoid arthritis
• Physician payment reform has led to decrease in home-based dialysis in United States
• Colistin-resistant gene detected in US for the second time
• Cutting nerves during breast cancer surgery is associated with chronic pain
• Self-prescribing antibiotics is a big problem
• Strategies to mimic fasting during chemotherapy enhance anticancer T cell activity in mice
• Helping kids with brain tumors recover beyond the disease
• Lab storing information securely in DNA
• Home-based intervention aims to curb childhood tooth decay and obesity in the Bronx
• Engineered human colon model could aid in cancer research
• True impact of global diabetes epidemic is vastly underestimated
• New study describes strategies for investigating microbial outbreaks
• Amyloid probes gain powers in search for Alzheimer's cause
• Genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes explored
• Insurance mandates lead to more children diagnosed and treated for autism spectrum disorder
• Advertising by US cancer centers soars over the past decade, new analysis shows
• Academic female physicians paid less than male counterparts
• Mice can see again! Visual activity regenerates neural connections between eye and brain
• Researchers find association between donor age, female sex and transfusion outcomes
• Surgery found to increase risk of chronic opioid use, study finds
• Link found between traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's, but not Alzheimer's
• Pomegranate finally reveals its powerful anti-aging secret
• Predicting language deficits after stroke with connectome-based imaging
• How tumor necrosis factor protects against infection
• Revolutionary surgery for lung cancer
• New insect imaging technique may help victims of sleeping sickness
• Researchers developing quick, inexpensive test to assess ER+ breast cancers
• Consuming probiotics promotes weight loss, reduces BMI
• New findings concerning hereditary prostate cancer
• New discovery on how the inner ear works
• Single dose protects cognitive function after mild traumatic brain injury
• Thumb-sucking, nail-biting have a positive side: Kids less likely to develop allergies
• Research suggests common blood cancer could be prevented before it develops
• Open chromatin profiling key to identifying leukemia cells of origin
• Diabetes reversal after bypass surgery linked to changes in gut microorganisms
• Teen vaping could reverse progress in the control of tobacco

Nanotech 'tattoo' can map emotions and monitor muscle activity Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:58 PM PDT A new temporary 'electronic tattoo' that can measure the activity of muscle and nerve cells researchers is poised to revolutionize medicine, rehabilitation, and even business and marketing research.

Study explains how a protein deficiency causes spinal muscular atrophy Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:55 PM PDT Research that reveals what goes wrong in SMA and suggests that a mild version of the same genetic defect may protect relatives against infection, which could explain why SMA is a relatively common disease.

Alzheimer's detected before symptoms via new eye technology Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:17 PM PDT Scientists may have overcome a major roadblock in the development of Alzheimer's therapies by creating a new technology to observe in the back of the eye progression of the disease before the onset of symptoms. Clinical trials are starting soon to test the technology in humans, according to a new paper.

Hops extract studied to prevent breast cancer Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:17 PM PDT An enriched hops extract activates a chemical pathway in cells that could help prevent breast cancer, according to new laboratory findings outlined in a new report.

Gut bacteria can cause, predict and prevent rheumatoid arthritis Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:13 PM PDT The bacteria in your gut do more than break down your food. They also can predict susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, suggests a new report.

Physician payment reform has led to decrease in home-based dialysis in United States Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:11 PM PDT The US Medicare program's transition in 2004 to tiered fee-for-service physician reimbursement for dialysis care had the unintended consequence of reducing use of home dialysis, according to a new paper.

Colistin-resistant gene detected in US for the second time Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:09 PM PDT For the second time, a clinical isolate of a bacterial pathogen has been detected in the US, which carries the colistin resistance gene, mcr-1. It may also be the first plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene to show up in the US. That would be concerning because plasmids, genetic elements that are independent of the host genome, often jump between different bacterial species, spreading any resistance genes they carry. The research is published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.

Cutting nerves during breast cancer surgery is associated with chronic pain Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:09 PM PDT A systematic review has been conducted that analyzed 30 observational studies that enrolled 20,000 women undergoing surgery for breast cancer. Analysis of this data suggested that disruption of sensory nerves in the axilla (armpit) as lymph nodes are removed is associated with the development of chronic pain.

Self-prescribing antibiotics is a big problem Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:09 PM PDT Five percent of adults from a cohort of 400 people reported using antibiotics without a prescription during the previous 12 months. Twenty-five percent said they would use antibiotics without contacting a medical professional. These findings demonstrate yet another factor abetting the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Strategies to mimic fasting during chemotherapy enhance anticancer T cell activity in mice Posted: 11 Jul 2016 12:09 PM PDT Fasting is known to increase positive outcomes during cancer treatment, and now two independent studies in mice show that fasting, either through diet or drugs, during chemotherapy helps increase the presence of cancer-killing T cells. The research teams show that rodents that received caloric restriction mimetics alone or chemotherapy combined with a fasting-mimicking diet had smaller tumor masses over time than those that received only chemotherapy.

Helping kids with brain tumors recover beyond the disease Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:26 AM PDT Social strains and lack of social competence are common in children recovering from malignant brain tumors. A behavioral scientist and colleagues from across the U.S. and Canada, examined a peer-mediated intervention at the survivor's school and found it was feasible to carry out in the public school setting and was acceptable to the survivor's family.

Lab storing information securely in DNA Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:26 AM PDT Bioengineers in the United States have developed a new method for encrypting and storing sensitive information in DNA. Digital data storage degrades and can become obsolete and old-school books and paper require lots of space.

Home-based intervention aims to curb childhood tooth decay and obesity in the Bronx Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:26 AM PDT More than one-third of Bronx residents are born outside of the United States. Often separated from family, challenged by language barriers, unfamiliar with health resources, and burdened by poverty, they are at high risk for health problems. And these risks extend to their young children.

Engineered human colon model could aid in cancer research Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:20 AM PDT A multi-institution collaboration has published research on a tissue-engineering method that allows forward genetics screening on human tissue. The team created a human colon model by first deleting cells from normal human colon tissue, while retaining most of the molecules to which the cells adhere. The tissue is then repopulated with cells obtained from colonoscopy patient samples and from commercial sources.

True impact of global diabetes epidemic is vastly underestimated Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:15 AM PDT There may be more than 100 million people with diabetes globally than previously thought, a landmark paper now outlines. The prevalence of global diabetes has been seriously underestimated by at least 25 per cent, the paper suggests.

New study describes strategies for investigating microbial outbreaks Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:15 AM PDT A new study describes innovative strategies to track disease-causing pathogens like E. coli. Eppinger hopes his research will aid in halting and preventing large-scale outbreaks.

Amyloid probes gain powers in search for Alzheimer's cause Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:13 AM PDT A synthetic molecule with a rhenium core glows when attached to an amyloid fibril in the process of aggregating into a plaque, and brighter still when hit with ultraviolet light, report scientists. The molecule may therefore allow for real-time experimental monitoring of amyloid plaques implicated in Alzheimer's disease, they say.

Genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes explored Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:13 AM PDT New research from a large international team of scientists offers a more complete picture of the genes responsible for type 2 diabetes, demonstrating that previously identified common alleles shared by many in the world are the biggest culprits -- not the less common variants some scientists had hypothesized might play a large role in who gets the disease.

Insurance mandates lead to more children diagnosed and treated for autism spectrum disorder Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:13 AM PDT State mandates requiring commercial health plans to cover the cost of services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have resulted in an increased number of children being diagnosed and treated for ASD, according to new research.

Advertising by US cancer centers soars over the past decade, new analysis shows Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:09 AM PDT Cancer centers promoting their services dramatically increased their advertising spending from 2005 to 2014, with the bulk of the spending by for-profit organizations, according to the results of a newly published study.

Academic female physicians paid less than male counterparts Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:09 AM PDT Female academic physicians at public medical schools had lower average salaries than their male counterparts, a disparity that was only partly accounted for by age, experience, medical specialty, faculty rank and other factors, according to a new article.

Mice can see again! Visual activity regenerates neural connections between eye and brain Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:09 AM PDT A study in mice shows for the first time that visual stimulation can help damaged retinal neurons regrow optic nerve fibers (retinal ganglion cell axons). In combination with chemically induced neural stimulation, axons grew further than in strategies tried previously. Treated mice partially regained visual function. The study demonstrates that adult regenerated CNS axons are capable of navigating to correct targets in the brain.

Researchers find association between donor age, female sex and transfusion outcomes Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:09 AM PDT A link between blood donor characteristics and transfusion recipients' outcomes has been uncovered by researchers. This is the first study to suggest that red blood cell transfusions from young donors and from female donors may be associated with poorer survival in recipients.

Surgery found to increase risk of chronic opioid use, study finds Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT A study of health insurance claims showed that patients undergoing 11 of the most common types of surgery were at an increased risk of becoming chronic users of opioid painkillers, say researchers.

Link found between traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's, but not Alzheimer's Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a loss of consciousness (LOC) may be associated with later development of Parkinson's disease but not Alzheimer's disease or incident dementia, new research indicates.

Pomegranate finally reveals its powerful anti-aging secret Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Are pomegranates really the superfood that will counteract aging? Scientists have discovered that a molecule in pomegranates, transformed by microbes in the gut, enables muscle cells to protect themselves against one of the major causes of aging. In animals, the effect is nothing short of amazing. Clinical trials are underway.

Predicting language deficits after stroke with connectome-based imaging Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Imaging all of the brain's connections after stroke in addition to imaging only the areas of cortical tissue damage could better predict which patients will have language deficits and how severe those deficits will be. Such imaging could also be used to guide rehabilitative therapy.

How tumor necrosis factor protects against infection Posted: 11 Jul 2016 09:05 AM PDT Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a messenger substance in the immune system, plays an important role in triggering chronic inflammatory diseases. For this reason, TNF inhibitors are a standard form of treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and certain inflammatory bowel diseases. However, TNF also protects against infection, which means that inhibiting it can cause latent infections to resurface. Researchers have now discovered a new mechanism via which TNF protects against intracellular pathogens that cause infection.

Revolutionary surgery for lung cancer Posted: 11 Jul 2016 07:10 AM PDT A major international clinical trial is about to be launched to test a minimally invasive and safer surgical approach for patients with lung cancer: video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy with ultrasonic pulmonary artery sealing.

New insect imaging technique may help victims of sleeping sickness Posted: 11 Jul 2016 07:08 AM PDT Researchers have employed near infrared still photographs and time-lapse video to observe the pupa of the living tsetse fly. The imaging technique may allow lab workers to identify male and female tsetse flies before they emerge as adults, which could make it easier to control them by using the Sterile Insect Technique.

Researchers developing quick, inexpensive test to assess ER+ breast cancers Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:33 AM PDT Researchers are teaming with industry to develop a quick and inexpensive test to predict which women with ER+ breast cancer need chemotherapy and which need only the more tolerable hormonal therapy.

Consuming probiotics promotes weight loss, reduces BMI Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:26 AM PDT Consuming probiotics, so-called 'good bacteria', can reduce body weight and body mass index (BMI) according to a new meta-analysis.

New findings concerning hereditary prostate cancer Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT It is a well-known fact that men with a family history of prostate cancer run an increased risk of developing the disease. The risk for brothers of men with prostate cancer is doubled. But a doubled risk of what, exactly? Prostate cancer my be an indolent condition that does not require treatment, or aggressive and fatal. Obviously, it makes a big difference whether a man has an increased risk of developing the indolent or the aggressive form, but until now these different risks have not been known.

New discovery on how the inner ear works Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT Parts of the inner ear that process sounds such as speech and music seem to work differently than other parts of the inner ear, researchers have discovered.

Single dose protects cognitive function after mild traumatic brain injury Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:25 AM PDT A new molecule could protect the brain from cognitive impairments after a mild traumatic brain injury, according to scientists. Mild traumatic brain injury, or mTBI, is especially common in children, athletes, and the elderly. Further studies could establish the potential for a single dose of TXM-peptides to prevent damage if administered even one hour after brain trauma.

Thumb-sucking, nail-biting have a positive side: Kids less likely to develop allergies Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:23 AM PDT Children who are thumb-suckers or nail-biters are less likely to develop allergic sensitivities, research has found. And, if they have both 'bad habits', they are even less likely to be allergic to such things as house dust mites, grass, cats, dogs, horses or airborne fungi. The finding emerges from the long-running Dunedin Multidisciplinary Study, which has followed the progress of 1,037 participants born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-1973 into adulthood.

Research suggests common blood cancer could be prevented before it develops Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:23 AM PDT A common symptomless condition can develop into the blood cancer myeloma, researchers have discovered. They found that changes in the bone marrow needed for the cancer to grow have already taken hold in the preceding condition, raising the possibility that early medical intervention could prevent this incurable type of cancer from taking root.

Open chromatin profiling key to identifying leukemia cells of origin Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:23 AM PDT Researchers have found a precise and reliable way -- whole-genome profiling of open chromatin -- to identify the kind of cell that leads to a given case of leukemia, a valuable key to cancer prognosis and outcome.

Diabetes reversal after bypass surgery linked to changes in gut microorganisms Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:23 AM PDT Studies have shown that bariatric surgery can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rodents and humans, but this beneficial effect cannot be explained solely by weight loss. In a new study, researchers investigating gastric bypass in a mouse model of T2DM confirmed that bypass surgery improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, the improved metabolism occurred in conjunction with changes in gut microorganisms, suggesting a potential role for gut microbiota in diabetes remission.

Teen vaping could reverse progress in the control of tobacco Posted: 11 Jul 2016 06:23 AM PDT A new study debunks the popular belief that electronic cigarettes are merely a substitute for cigarettes among teens. Instead, the study suggests that some teens who never would have smoked cigarettes are now vaping. In 2014, about 14 percent of 12th-graders said they had either smoked or vaped. A decade earlier -- before e-cigarettes were sold in the United States -- 9 percent of surveyed teens in this age group reported that they had smoked.

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