ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Twins, especially male identical twins, live longer
• Why Russian tuberculosis is the most infectious
• Study supports new strategy to fight cocaine addiction
• Are urban black males shortchanged in classroom?
• A new way to display the 3-D structure of molecules
• Brazil's environmental licensing under threat, suggests new article
• Genes responsible for cardiometabolic disease risk identified
• Scientists combine satellite data, machine learning to map poverty
• Recording analog memories in human cells
• How norovirus gets inside cells: New clues
• Born prepared for global warming... thanks to their parents' songs
• Carbon molecular sieve membranes could cut energy in hydrocarbon separations
• New flu strains and old antibodies: How sinful is 'original antigenic sin'?
• Insecticide treatment of cattle to kill sand flies and combat leishmaniasis
• Osteoblastic metastases distinguished from enostoses using CT attenuation measurements
• Faster method of rebuilding destroyed homes
• Uncovering a new pathway to halting metastasis
• New strategy to reverse the disease dyskeratosis congenita
• Mussel flexing: Bivalve save drought-stricken marshes, research finds
• Nivolumab in advanced lung cancer: Indication of major added benefit
• Brivaracetam in epilepsy: Added benefit still not proven
• Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV infection: Added benefit not proven
• Postoperative telephone clinic can be used in lieu of in-person care for some patients
• Ramucirumab in stomach cancer: Added benefit not proven
• Afatinib in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: Added benefit not proven
• New report presents bundled payment model for breast cancer screening
• Unexplained developmental disorder linked to gene involved in essential cellular processes
• Neural stem cells control their own fate
• Greater intake of dietary omega-3 fatty acids associated with lower risk of diabetic retinopathy
• Zika infection may affect adult brain cells
• How mutations disrupt ALS-linked protein
• SPIES tool aims to support solar park developments
• X-ray optics on a chip
• Diabetes drug may also offer vascular protection
• How cancer cells protect chromosomes from decay
• Innovative device simulates cataract replacement experience
• Study highlights importance of regular lung cancer screenings for those at high risk
• Natural scale caterpillar soft robot is powered and controlled with light
• Venus-like exoplanet might have oxygen atmosphere, but not life
• Female forensic scientists more stressed than males
• High-tech imaging reveals precolonial Mexican manuscript hidden from view for 500 years
• Flexitime works better for men than women, study finds
• What’s easier: Turning off water indoors or outside?
• Genetic influence in juvenile songbird babblings
• Common cold viruses originated in camels, just like MERS
• Canine babesiosis outbreak in UK under control, but needs monitoring
• Polyunsaturated fat in adipose tissue linked to lower mortality
• Face changing tech showing sun damage is most effective at promoting sun safe behavior
• Urbanization affects diets of butterflies
• Not all tumor cells are equal
• Most island vertebrate extinctions could be averted, concludes new study
• Study identifies how Zika virus infects the placenta
• Reducing cost of producing supercapacitors
• The math of earthquakes
• Concussion rates rising significantly in adolescents
• Natural compound from a deep-water marine sponge found to reduce pancreatic tumor size
• New research sheds light on the real experience of calling the GP surgery
• Study to explore the scale of physical activity, nutritional health messaging at major sporting events
• Why females care more, theoretically speaking
• Scientists find potential treatment for 'painful blindness' form of dry eye

Twins, especially male identical twins, live longer Posted: 18 Aug 2016 02:01 PM PDT Analysis of almost 3,000 pairs of Danish twins shows that they live longer than the general population. The authors believe it reflects the benefits of lifelong social support.

Why Russian tuberculosis is the most infectious Posted: 18 Aug 2016 01:59 PM PDT Scientists conducted a large-scale analysis of the proteins and genomes of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are common in Russia and countries of the former Soviet Union and found features that provide a possible explanation for their epidemiological success.

Study supports new strategy to fight cocaine addiction Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:02 PM PDT Strong evidence supporting a new strategy against drug addiction has been revealed by research. The researchers showed that a compound that inhibits the activity of certain brain-cell receptors can reverse signs of cocaine dependency in rodents.

Are urban black males shortchanged in classroom? Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:02 PM PDT Giving special treatment to young urban black males in the high school classroom runs the risk of shortchanging these students academically once they get to college, indicates a new study.

A new way to display the 3-D structure of molecules Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:02 PM PDT Researchers have developed nanoscale display cases that enables new atomic-scale views of hard-to-study chemical and biological samples.

Brazil's environmental licensing under threat, suggests new article Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:02 PM PDT A new article explains how the country's environmental licensing is under threat from proposed laws and constitutional amendments. These have jumped into the forefront as anti-environment politicians rush to exploit the opportunity offered by Brazil's current political turmoil. Legislators are eager to stimulate the country's economy, as by removing environmental and social restrictions on proposed development projects.

Genes responsible for cardiometabolic disease risk identified Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:02 PM PDT A profound new level of complexity and interaction among genes within specific tissues responsible for mediating the inherited risk for cardiometabolic diseases have been identified by researchers, including processes that lead to heart attack and stroke.

Scientists combine satellite data, machine learning to map poverty Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:00 PM PDT The availability of accurate and reliable information on the location of impoverished zones is surprisingly lacking for much of the world. Applying machine learning to satellite images could identify impoverished regions in Africa, say researchers.

Recording analog memories in human cells Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:00 PM PDT Biological engineers have devised a way to record complex histories in the DNA of human cells, allowing them to store and retrieve memories of past events. This system could help scientists study how cells differentiate during embryonic development; experience environmental conditions; and undergo genetic changes that lead to disease.

How norovirus gets inside cells: New clues Posted: 18 Aug 2016 12:00 PM PDT Researchers have identified the protein that norovirus uses to invade cells. Norovirus is the most common viral cause of diarrhea worldwide, but scientists still know little about how it infects people and causes disease because the virus grows poorly in the lab. The discovery, in mice, provides new ways to study a virus notoriously hard to work with and may lead to treatments or a vaccine.

Born prepared for global warming... thanks to their parents' songs Posted: 18 Aug 2016 11:59 AM PDT By calling to their eggs, zebra finch parents may be helping their young prepare for a hotter world brought on by climate change.

Carbon molecular sieve membranes could cut energy in hydrocarbon separations Posted: 18 Aug 2016 11:59 AM PDT A research team has demonstrated a new carbon-based molecular sieve membrane that could dramatically reduce the energy required to separate a class of hydrocarbon molecules known as alkyl aromatics.

New flu strains and old antibodies: How sinful is 'original antigenic sin'? Posted: 18 Aug 2016 11:59 AM PDT Immune memory ensures a quick, specific response to previously encountered pathogens. However, for rapidly evolving pathogens like influenza virus, there is concern that recalled ('old') antibodies dominate and compromise the response against a changed ('new') infectious strain. A mouse study reports that while influenza exposure history does influence the antibody response to a circulating flu virus, this does not appear to compromise the defense against the new strain.

Insecticide treatment of cattle to kill sand flies and combat leishmaniasis Posted: 18 Aug 2016 11:59 AM PDT With an estimated 500,000 human infections and 50,000 deaths annually, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the second most prevalent parasitic killer, behind malaria. Leishmania parasites are transmitted through the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. A study makes the case that fighting the insects by treating cattle with the long-lasting insecticide, fipronil, could substantially reduce VL in areas where people and cattle live in close proximity.

Osteoblastic metastases distinguished from enostoses using CT attenuation measurements Posted: 18 Aug 2016 11:18 AM PDT CT attenuation measurements can be used to distinguish untreated osteoblastic (bone-related) metastases from enostoses (benign bone lesions), a team of researchers has found.

Faster method of rebuilding destroyed homes Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:28 AM PDT Texas legislators are investigating the benefits of RAPIDO, a pilot program that dramatically reduces the time it takes to rebuild homes destroyed by natural disasters.

Uncovering a new pathway to halting metastasis Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:28 AM PDT New research could lead to new therapies to treat patients who suffer from metastatic disease, report scientists. Metastasis, the process by which cancer cells leave the primary tumor and spread to other sites in the body, is responsible for more than 90 percent of cancer deaths.

New strategy to reverse the disease dyskeratosis congenita Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT A link between telomeres and a molecular signaling cascade called the Wnt pathway has been identified by researchers, which may point to a treatment option for dyskeratosis congenita patients. Dyskeratosis congenita, or DC, is a rare, inherited disease for which there are limited treatment options and no cure.

Mussel flexing: Bivalve save drought-stricken marshes, research finds Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT As coastal ecosystems feel the heat of climate change worldwide, new research shows the humble mussel and marsh grass form an intimate interaction known as mutualism that benefits both partner species and may be critical to helping these ecosystems bounce back from extreme climatic events such as drought.

Nivolumab in advanced lung cancer: Indication of major added benefit Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC who have already undergone chemotherapy survive longer with the drug Nivolumab than with docetaxel.

Brivaracetam in epilepsy: Added benefit still not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT An indirect comparison between lacosamide and Brivaracetam for epilepsy treatment is methodologically better and covers more outcomes than the previous indirect comparisons. However, an added benefit still cannot be derived, say investigators.

Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV infection: Added benefit not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT When investigators reviewed Emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in HIV infection, they found that partly no data were available, and partly the appropriate comparator therapy was not adhered to. The risk of nervous system disorders was increased for one patient group, they conclude.

Postoperative telephone clinic can be used in lieu of in-person care for some patients Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Implementation of a telephone postoperative clinic at a Veterans Affairs facility significantly improved utilization of surgeon and facility resources while maintaining satisfactory patient outcomes, according to study results.

Ramucirumab in stomach cancer: Added benefit not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Two studies submitted were unsuitable for the assessment of an added benefit because they did not meet the specifications on the comparator therapy and on the target population.

Afatinib in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: Added benefit not proven Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:15 AM PDT Considering Afatinib in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, neither the direct nor the indirect comparison conducted by the drug manufacturer allows conclusions on advantages or disadvantages in comparison with the appropriate comparator therapy.

New report presents bundled payment model for breast cancer screening Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT Mammography may present an opportunity for the expanded use of bundled payments in radiology, suggests new research. The study reports that breast cancer screening provides a framework for radiologist-led bundled payment models, and can be implemented with different services included in the bundle depending upon a practice's specific patient panel.

Unexplained developmental disorder linked to gene involved in essential cellular processes Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT A neurodevelopmental disorder for which there was no known cause has been linked to SON, a gene that is involved in essential mechanisms a cell uses to translate DNA into protein, as well as in DNA replication and cell division, reports a multidisciplinary, international team of researchers from 10 institutions.

Neural stem cells control their own fate Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT To date, it has been assumed that the differentiation of stem cells depends on the environment they are embedded in. A research group now describes for the first time a mechanism by which hippocampal neural stem cells regulate their own cell fate via the protein Drosha.

Greater intake of dietary omega-3 fatty acids associated with lower risk of diabetic retinopathy Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT In middle-aged and older individuals with type 2 diabetes, intake of at least 500 mg/d of dietary long-chain ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, easily achievable with two weekly servings of oily fish, was associated with a decreased risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy, according to a study.

Zika infection may affect adult brain cells Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT A new study shows for the first time that the Zika virus can infect the mouse adult brain in regions that are vital to learning and memory. The researchers observed that infection correlated with evidence of cell death and reduced generation of new neurons. The findings suggest that the virus could have more subtle effects than have been recognized, perhaps contributing to such conditions as long-term memory loss or depression.

How mutations disrupt ALS-linked protein Posted: 18 Aug 2016 10:11 AM PDT Structural biologists provide a new explanation for how ALS-associated genetic flaws interfere with the proper function and behavior of the protein TDP-43.

SPIES tool aims to support solar park developments Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:15 AM PDT A 'go-to' guide for the UK's solar park community has been planned, allowing researchers to qualify and, where possible, quantify and value the ecosystem services of current and planned parks.

X-ray optics on a chip Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:15 AM PDT Waveguides are widely used for filtering, confining, guiding, coupling or splitting beams of visible light. However, creating waveguides that could do the same for X-rays has posed tremendous challenges in fabrication, so they are still only in an early stage of development.

Diabetes drug may also offer vascular protection Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with vascular stiffening and the development of cardiovascular disease. Obese and diabetic premenopausal women are most at risk -- even more than men of the same age who have similar health issues. A study found that a diabetes medication offered protection against arterial stiffness in overweight female mice, a finding that may have future implications for disease prevention in humans.

How cancer cells protect chromosomes from decay Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT Scientists have used CRISPR gene editing technology and live cell, single molecule microscopy to watch in real-time, for the first time, the essential interaction between telomerase and telomeres.

Innovative device simulates cataract replacement experience Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT A vision simulator works to help patients test artificial lens designs prior to implantation in the eye.

Study highlights importance of regular lung cancer screenings for those at high risk Posted: 18 Aug 2016 08:14 AM PDT A new study has found patients who tested negative for lung cancer by a detailed X-ray screening called low-dose helical computed tomography but later went on to develop lung cancer within the following two years had poorer outcomes than patients who initially had a non-cancerous positive LDCT screen.

Natural scale caterpillar soft robot is powered and controlled with light Posted: 18 Aug 2016 07:26 AM PDT Researchers, using the liquid crystal elastomer technology have demonstrated a bioinspired micro-robot capable of mimicking caterpillar gaits in natural scale. The 15-millimeter long soft robot harvests energy from green light and is controlled by spatially modulated laser beam. Apart from traveling on flat surfaces, it can also climb slopes, squeeze through narrow slits and transport loads.

Venus-like exoplanet might have oxygen atmosphere, but not life Posted: 18 Aug 2016 07:26 AM PDT The distant planet GJ 1132b intrigued astronomers when it was discovered last year. Located just 39 light-years from Earth, it might have an atmosphere despite being baked to a temperature of around 450 degrees Fahrenheit. But would that atmosphere be thick and soupy or thin and wispy? New research suggests the latter is much more likely.

Female forensic scientists more stressed than males Posted: 18 Aug 2016 07:26 AM PDT Women may be at the forefront of the fast-growing forensic science field, but they're also more stressed than their male counterparts, indicates new research.

High-tech imaging reveals precolonial Mexican manuscript hidden from view for 500 years Posted: 18 Aug 2016 07:26 AM PDT Researchers have used high-tech imaging to uncover the details of a rare Mexican codex dating from before the colonization of the Americas. The newly revealed codex, or book, has been hidden from view for almost 500 years, concealed beneath a layer of plaster and chalk on the back of a later manuscript known as the Codex Selden, which is housed at the Bodleian Libraries.

Flexitime works better for men than women, study finds Posted: 18 Aug 2016 07:25 AM PDT Flexitime and having autonomy over working hours -- known as schedule control -- impacts differently on men and women and may increase the gender pay gap.

What’s easier: Turning off water indoors or outside? Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:35 AM PDT Apparently, it's more convenient to Florida residents to save water while brushing their teeth than to cut back on lawn irrigation, according to a new report.

Genetic influence in juvenile songbird babblings Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:34 AM PDT Researchers have discovered familial differences in the earliest vocal babblings of juvenile songbirds, suggesting a possible genetic basis for the variations.

Common cold viruses originated in camels, just like MERS Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:34 AM PDT There are four globally endemic human coronaviruses which, together with the better known rhinoviruses, are responsible for causing common colds. Usually, infections with these viruses are harmless to humans. Researchers have now found the source of 'HCoV-229E,' one of the four common cold coronaviruses, to have originated in camels, just like the dreaded MERS virus.

Canine babesiosis outbreak in UK under control, but needs monitoring Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:34 AM PDT Scientists are using the health records of dogs to monitor the status of a potentially fatal tick-borne disease that appears to have been imported into the UK.

Polyunsaturated fat in adipose tissue linked to lower mortality Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:34 AM PDT The fatty acid linoleic acid (Omega 6) in subcutaneous adipose tissue was linked to lower mortality among older men followed over a 15-year period.

Face changing tech showing sun damage is most effective at promoting sun safe behavior Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Researchers examined the way sun safe messages are conveyed to young women, and found that visual communication using technology to age participant's faces to emphasis sun damage and premature aging is most effective.

Urbanization affects diets of butterflies Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Researchers have revealed that most tropical butterflies feed on a variety of flower types, but those that are 'picky' about their flower diets tend to prefer native plants and are more dependent on forests. These 'picky' butterflies also have wings that are more conspicuous and shorter proboscis.

Not all tumor cells are equal Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Scientists have found that colorectal tumors present epigenetic heterogeneity relates to the clinical course of the disease. This heterogeneity can be used as a predictive biomarker.

Most island vertebrate extinctions could be averted, concludes new study Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Eight of every ten species extinctions has occurred on islands, and invasive mammals are the leading reason for those losses. Currently, 40 percent of species at risk of global extinction are island inhabitants. In the most thorough study of its kind, scientists have now analyzed global patterns of island vertebrate extinctions and developed predictive models to help identify places where conservation interventions will provide the greatest benefits to threatened island biodiversity.

Study identifies how Zika virus infects the placenta Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT In a new study, researchers demonstrate Zika virus infection of cells derived from human placentas. The research provides insight into how Zika virus may be transmitted from expectant mother to fetus, resulting in infection of the fetal brain.

Reducing cost of producing supercapacitors Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:06 AM PDT Using inexpensive biochar to coat electrodes and a new method to create the porous surface needed to capture electricity may reduce the cost of supercapacitors. Activating the biochar using plasma processing takes only five minutes with no external heating or chemicals needed.

The math of earthquakes Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:06 AM PDT A computational science doctoral student has successfully tied a new mathematical modeling process to the study of earthquakes.

Concussion rates rising significantly in adolescents Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:06 AM PDT The number of Americans diagnosed with concussions is growing, most significantly in adolescents, according to researchers. They recommend that adolescents be prioritized for ongoing work in concussion education, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Natural compound from a deep-water marine sponge found to reduce pancreatic tumor size Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:05 AM PDT A deep-water marine sponge collected off of Fort Lauderdale's coast contains leiodermatolide, a natural product that has the ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells as well as block cancer cells from dividing using extremely low concentrations of the compound, report scientists.

New research sheds light on the real experience of calling the GP surgery Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:01 AM PDT A new study has examined, for the first time, how receptionists interact with patients over the telephone. The pioneering has revealed how patients have to 'push' for effective service.

Study to explore the scale of physical activity, nutritional health messaging at major sporting events Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:01 AM PDT An international consortium is examining how physical activity and nutritional health messages are promoted in the run up to and during large-scale sporting events.

Why females care more, theoretically speaking Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:01 AM PDT Across the animal kingdom there is a strong trend for females to be more caring parents. Why? Researchers have now expanded upon previous theories to better explain why mothers and fathers differ in the effort they put into caring for young.

Scientists find potential treatment for 'painful blindness' form of dry eye Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:00 AM PDT The eye's lacrimal gland is small but mighty. This gland produces moisture needed to heal eye injuries and clear out harmful dust, bacteria and other invaders. The eye's lacrimal glands can be repaired by injecting a kind of regenerative "progenitor" cell, a new study in animal models suggests.

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