ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Creating bigger, better and more joined-up habitat networks
• Study uses GPS technology to predict football injuries
• At least 1 in 10 young people in Britain report a recent distressing sexual problem
• Alcohol advertising linked to adolescent drinking
• Where there's smoke -- and a mutation -- there may be an evolutionary edge for humans
• What’s changed in genetics since your high school biology class?
• Computation propels particle physicists in quest for discovery
• Discovery of male-harming DNA mutation reinforces 'mother's curse' hypothesis
• Caring for elderly stroke survivors costs an estimated $40 billion per year
• Scientists model the 'flicker' of gluons in subatomic smashups
• Do eco-friendly wines taste better?
• CDC issues travel guidance related to Miami neighborhood with active Zika spread
• Flexible wearable electronic skin patch offers new way to monitor alcohol levels
• Research reveals cancer pathway to spreading through the body
• Collateral harm: Impact of Ebola, related fears on facility-based child deliveries
• More accurate prostate cancer prognosis
• Physicist trio amplifies research on mysterious forms of matter
• Mechanisms on why 'green' helps in urban life
• Study finds innate immunity connection to rare, fatal childhood disease
• Lack of pharmacy access sends some patients back to the hospital
• Underreporting of Zika is rife; researchers project epidemic's spread in certain countries
• Space scientists observe Io's atmospheric collapse during eclipse
• Giant forest fires exterminate spotted owls, long-term study finds
• Combat exposure may jeopardize the behavioral health of women in the military
• What can a sea-lion teach us about musicality?
• Depression screening tools not accurate for children and adolescents
• Managing uncertainty: How soil carbon feedbacks could affect climate change
• Rat whiskers shed light on how neurons communicate touch
• Millennials less sexually active than Gen-X peers
• New metamaterials can change properties with a flick of a light-switch
• Low rate of Internet use by seniors for health purposes
• Treatments to improve kidney outcomes for patients with septic shock
• Unlocking the secrets of creeping concrete
• Drug does not improve outcomes for patients with advanced heart failure
• Off-site monitoring of cardiac telemetry and clinical outcomes
• Effective recovery in competitive sports
• Traces of failed Super-eruption in the Andes
• Cardiac complications from energy drinks? Case report adds new evidence
• Impact of extreme weather events on striped bass
• Clinical usefulness of bone turnover marker concentrations in osteoporosis
• Patented bioelectrodes have electrifying taste for waste
• Population boom preceded early farming
• Avoiding the high calorie office snacks
• No more dry mucous membranes when flying
• Computers will be able to assess humans' state of mind
• Hidden tooth infections may predispose people to heart disease
• How computer algorithms shape our experience of the real world
• Ultracompact Photodetector
• What’s in a name? Tracing the origins of orangutan scientific names
• Warm ocean current reaches surprisingly far south in the Antarctic Weddell Sea
• Neuroscience-based Framework for Addiction Diagnosis
• Addiction silences synapses in reward circuits
• Exercise results in larger brain size and lowered dementia risk
• Mountain environments more vulnerable to climate change than previously reported
• Ultrasonic vibrations cause fingers to bounce on touchscreens, reducing the friction
• Trading changes how brain processes selling decisions
• People not technology will drive success of autonomous vehicles
• Flow diagnostics breakthrough for hydraulic capsule pipeline
• Simpler way to diagnose and understand childhood pneumonia infections
• Tracking down the first chefs

Creating bigger, better and more joined-up habitat networks Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:22 PM PDT Scientists have developed a new 'route planner' tool that could help conservationists aid the movement of species as they adapt to a changing climate.

Study uses GPS technology to predict football injuries Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:22 PM PDT Soccer players' injuries may be predicted by looking at players' workloads during training and competition, according to new research. Researchers discovered that the greatest injury risk occurred when players accumulated a very high number of short bursts of speed during training over a three-week period.

At least 1 in 10 young people in Britain report a recent distressing sexual problem Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:22 PM PDT Around one in 10 young men and one in eight young women in Britain who are sexually active have experienced a distressing sexual problem lasting at least three months in the past year, according to new research.

Alcohol advertising linked to adolescent drinking Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:22 PM PDT A new study finds that exposure to several different types of alcohol marketing is positively associated with the amount and frequency of drinking among adolescents across Europe.

Where there's smoke -- and a mutation -- there may be an evolutionary edge for humans Posted: 02 Aug 2016 04:26 PM PDT A genetic mutation may have helped modern humans adapt to smoke exposure from fires and perhaps sparked an evolutionary advantage over their archaic competitors, including Neanderthals, according to a team of researchers.

What’s changed in genetics since your high school biology class? Posted: 02 Aug 2016 02:26 PM PDT The field of genetics has seen astonishing breakthroughs and the development of world-changing technologies in the past half century.

Computation propels particle physicists in quest for discovery Posted: 02 Aug 2016 02:26 PM PDT One of the world's hubs of computation in particle physics sits inconspicuously at the corner of 56th Street and Ellis Avenue on the University of Chicago campus.

Discovery of male-harming DNA mutation reinforces 'mother's curse' hypothesis Posted: 02 Aug 2016 02:18 PM PDT A male-harming DNA mutation has been discovered in Drosophila that demonstrates that the 'mother's curse' -- the possibility that moms may transmit genes to their children that harm their sons but not their daughters - holds true in animals.

Caring for elderly stroke survivors costs an estimated $40 billion per year Posted: 02 Aug 2016 02:18 PM PDT It's assumed that family and friends will help out in the event of a medical crisis, but that's not always feasible. And when stroke survivors need more than 20 hours of care per week, as a study shows, it's a large burden for their loved ones.

Scientists model the 'flicker' of gluons in subatomic smashups Posted: 02 Aug 2016 02:18 PM PDT A new study reveals that a high degree of gluon fluctuation -- a kind of flickering rearrangement in the distribution of gluon density within individual protons -- could help explain some of the remarkable results at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider -- and also in nuclear physics experiments at the Large Hadron Collider in Europe.

Do eco-friendly wines taste better? Posted: 02 Aug 2016 02:18 PM PDT It's time to toast environmentally friendly grapes. A new study shows that eco-certified wine tastes better -- and making the choice even easier, earlier research shows it's often cheaper, too.

CDC issues travel guidance related to Miami neighborhood with active Zika spread Posted: 02 Aug 2016 12:20 PM PDT New assessments of mosquito populations and test results this past weekend by Florida public health officials, as part of a community survey in the Miami neighborhood where several Zika infections were recently confirmed, have found persistent mosquito populations and additional Zika infections in the same area. This information suggests that there is a risk of continued active transmission of Zika virus in that area. As a result, CDC and Florida are issuing travel, testing and other recommendations for people who traveled to or lived in the Florida-designated areas on or after June 15, 2016, the earliest known date that one of the people could have been infected with Zika.

Flexible wearable electronic skin patch offers new way to monitor alcohol levels Posted: 02 Aug 2016 12:13 PM PDT Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed a flexible wearable sensor that can accurately measure a person's blood alcohol level from sweat and transmit the data wirelessly to a laptop, smartphone or other mobile device. The device can be worn on the skin and could be used by doctors and police officers for continuous, non-invasive and real-time monitoring of blood alcohol content.

Research reveals cancer pathway to spreading through the body Posted: 02 Aug 2016 12:13 PM PDT Cancer cells need oxygen to survive, as do most other life forms, but scientists had never tracked their search for oxygen in their early growth stages until now -- a step toward a deeper understanding of one way cancer spreads that could help treat the disease.

Collateral harm: Impact of Ebola, related fears on facility-based child deliveries Posted: 02 Aug 2016 12:13 PM PDT The first known household survey examining the collateral harm to pregnancy services in areas affected by the West African Ebola epidemic suggests a significant slide backwards in child and maternal health. The study, conducted in Liberia, points to the deep disruptions caused by the Ebola epidemic, even in parts of the country with relatively limited transmission.

More accurate prostate cancer prognosis Posted: 02 Aug 2016 12:13 PM PDT Men diagnosed with prostate cancer can be provided with a more accurate estimate of their risk of death from the disease, and treatment planned accordingly, according to new research.

Physicist trio amplifies research on mysterious forms of matter Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:39 AM PDT All material things appear to be made of elementary particles that are held together by fundamental forces. But what are their exact properties? Questions with cosmic implications like these drive many of the scientific efforts. Three distinguished particle physicists have joined the lab over the past months to pursue research on two particularly mysterious forms of matter: neutrinos and dark matter.

Mechanisms on why 'green' helps in urban life Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:37 AM PDT New research finds that airborne bacterial communities differ from one urban park to the next but those of parking lots are alike -- and differ from those of parks in subtle but potentially important ways.

Study finds innate immunity connection to rare, fatal childhood disease Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:37 AM PDT Researchers have found an important innate immunity role for a gene linked to a rare, fatal syndrome in children. Their study has implications for a much more common disease: tuberculosis.

Lack of pharmacy access sends some patients back to the hospital Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:37 AM PDT Hospital readmissions, a $17 billion annual problem, are higher in rural, remote or smaller communities that sometimes have significantly less access to pharmacies, according to a study published today that was one of the first to examine this issue.

Underreporting of Zika is rife; researchers project epidemic's spread in certain countries Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:37 AM PDT A new study reveals a large disparity between the number of reported and projected Zika cases. The researchers, responding to a 'call to arms' to model the spread of the virus, say that while a major US outbreak isn't projected, a certain set of countries in the Americas have the right conditions for "major outbreaks."

Space scientists observe Io's atmospheric collapse during eclipse Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:37 AM PDT Astronomers have documented atmospheric changes on Io, Jupiter's volcanically active satellite, as the giant planet casts its shadow over the moon's surface during daily eclipses.

Giant forest fires exterminate spotted owls, long-term study finds Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:36 AM PDT Could periodic forest thinning and prescribed burns intended to prevent dangerous "megafires" help conserve owls in the long run? Or are those benefits outweighed by their short-term harm to owls? The answer depends in part on just how big and bad the fires are, according to a new study.

Combat exposure may jeopardize the behavioral health of women in the military Posted: 02 Aug 2016 10:01 AM PDT In a recent study, combat exposure among Army enlisted women was associated with an increased likelihood of developing behavioral health problems post-deployment, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and at-risk drinking.

What can a sea-lion teach us about musicality? Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:56 AM PDT Ronan the sea lion can keep the beat better than any other animal; a new study found out more.

Depression screening tools not accurate for children and adolescents Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:56 AM PDT There is insufficient evidence to show that any of the short questionnaires used by physicians to ask about symptoms of depression accurately screen 6- to 18-year-olds for the disease.

Managing uncertainty: How soil carbon feedbacks could affect climate change Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:56 AM PDT A new article makes the case that developing meaningful climate projections depends upon a better understanding of the role of 'soil carbon turnover.'

Rat whiskers shed light on how neurons communicate touch Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:55 AM PDT Mathematical and mechanical modeling shows that whisker sensory neurons fundamentally encode mechanical information.

Millennials less sexually active than Gen-X peers Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:52 AM PDT Since time immemorial, older generations have fretted over the sexual habits of young people. In today's world, however, elders might just be wondering why young people are having so little sex. Researchers analyzed data from 26,707 respondents to the General Social Survey and found that today's young people are less likely to have had sex since turning 18.

New metamaterials can change properties with a flick of a light-switch Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:52 AM PDT Invisibility cloaks have less to do with magic than with metamaterials. These human-engineered materials have properties that don't occur in nature, allowing them to bend and manipulate light in weird ways. For example, some of these materials can channel light around an object so that it appears invisible at a certain wavelength. Now researchers have designed a new kind of metamaterial whose properties can be changed with a flick of a switch.

Low rate of Internet use by seniors for health purposes Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:52 AM PDT Researchers examined trends in seniors' use of digital health technology in the US from 2011-2014.

Treatments to improve kidney outcomes for patients with septic shock Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:51 AM PDT Early use of vasopressin to treat septic shock did not improve the number of kidney failure-free days compared with norepinephrine, according to a new study.

Unlocking the secrets of creeping concrete Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:51 AM PDT Concrete is everywhere -- a ubiquity owed to its strength as a building material. Despite its strength, however, it has a pernicious but inescapable tendency to 'creep,' or deform progressively under mechanical stress, which leads to crumbling bridges and cracked roads. Despite the obvious relevance this holds for the safety of infrastructure, however, the physical origin of the mechanism has remained poorly understood, and even scientifically contested.

Drug does not improve outcomes for patients with advanced heart failure Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:51 AM PDT Among patients recently hospitalized with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; a measure of heart function), the use of the drug liraglutide did not lead to greater post-hospitalization clinical stability, according to a new study.

Off-site monitoring of cardiac telemetry and clinical outcomes Posted: 02 Aug 2016 09:51 AM PDT Among non-critically ill patients, use of standardized cardiac telemetry with an off-site central monitoring unit was associated with detection and notification of cardiac rhythm and rate changes within one hour prior to the majority of emergency response team activations, and also with a reduction in the number of monitored patients, without an increase in cardiopulmonary arrest events, according to a new study.

Effective recovery in competitive sports Posted: 02 Aug 2016 08:28 AM PDT Researchers have studied the best possible regeneration measures for athletes after strenuous training and competition phases. Using blood tests, questionnaires and performance tests, they compared the effects different recovery measures have on top athletes and investigated if effective regeneration strategies for specific types of sport do exist. Their results are meant to help athletes and coaches choose different recovery measures in practice.

Traces of failed Super-eruption in the Andes Posted: 02 Aug 2016 08:28 AM PDT Geoscientists have discovered accumulations of magma in the Andes sufficient to have set off a super-eruption but which, in fact, did not. Such eruptions, which expel enormous quantities of magma, are the largest volcanic events on earth. They have discovered that magma volumes of supervolcanic proportions have been continuously accumulating in the Altiplano-Puna region since the last super-eruption nearly 2.9 million years ago. These magmas, however, did not reach the surface to trigger a catastrophic eruption but instead slowly cooled at depth and hardened into plutonic rock.

Cardiac complications from energy drinks? Case report adds new evidence Posted: 02 Aug 2016 08:27 AM PDT The high levels of caffeine in energy drinks may lead to cardiac complications, suggests a case report by experts. The case adds to previous reports of adverse cardiovascular events related to consuming energy drinks, including abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias).

Impact of extreme weather events on striped bass Posted: 02 Aug 2016 08:27 AM PDT Thanks to global warming, waterways that make up important habitat for fish are likely to experience an increased frequency of such extreme conditions. Researchers wanted to know the impact of severe storms on fish populations that have to make sudden and unexpected trips downstream, away from their preferred habitat, to more hospitable waters.

Clinical usefulness of bone turnover marker concentrations in osteoporosis Posted: 02 Aug 2016 08:27 AM PDT A new review finds lack of comparability between current clinical assays for CTX is evident, indicating possible limitations of combining such data for meta-analyses; to improve interpretation of patient results harmonization of units for reporting serum/plasma CTX (ng/L) and PINP Further study of the relationships between clinical assays for CTX and PINP and physiological and pre-analytical factors contributing to variability in BTM concentrations is required.

Patented bioelectrodes have electrifying taste for waste Posted: 02 Aug 2016 08:27 AM PDT New research shows how Geobacter bacteria grow as films on electrodes and generate electricity -- a process that's ready to be scaled up to industrial levels.

Population boom preceded early farming Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:45 AM PDT Anthropologists have counted the number of carbon-dated artifacts at archaeological sites and concluded that a population boom and scarce food explain why people in eastern North America domesticated plants for the first time on the continent about 5,000 years ago.

Avoiding the high calorie office snacks Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:42 AM PDT The culture of grabbing something quick to eat amid a mounting pile of to-dos at work often leads to making the wrong decisions when searching for something to eat in the workplace. Unplanned cake offerings and the emergence of 'food altars' – central places for leftovers from work meetings or unhealthy snacks present workers with a never-ending stream of choice. A recent study reveals water to be the main redeemer of 'negative nutrition' in the workplace.

No more dry mucous membranes when flying Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:42 AM PDT Hovering at around 20 percent, the relative humidity in aircraft is kept very low to keep condensation from building up in the cabin. The downside for passengers and the crew is that this dries out the mucous membranes. Now a vortex ring generator will direct humidified air to passengers, increasing the humidity of the air they breathe without causing the overall relative humidity to skyrocket.

Computers will be able to assess humans' state of mind Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:42 AM PDT Machines are taking over more and more tasks. Ideally, they should also be capable to support the human in case of poor performance. To intervene appropriately, the machine should understand what is going on with the human. Scientists have developed a diagnostic tool that recognizes user states in real time and communicates them to the machine.

Hidden tooth infections may predispose people to heart disease Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:41 AM PDT An infection of the root tip of a tooth increases the risk of coronary artery disease, even if the infection is symptomless. Hidden dental root tip infections are very common: as many as one in four in Finland suffer from at least one. Such infections are usually detected by chance from X-rays.

How computer algorithms shape our experience of the real world Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:41 AM PDT The use of algorithms to filter and present information online is increasingly shaping our everyday experience of the real world, a study argues.

Ultracompact Photodetector Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:39 AM PDT Data traffic is growing worldwide. Glass-fiber cables transmit information over long distances at the speed of light. Once they have reached their destination, however, these optical signals have to be converted into electrical signals for subsequent processing in the computer. Researchers have now developed a novel type of photodetector that needs far less space than conventional ones. The component has a base area of less than one millionth of a square millimeter without the data transmission rate being affected adversely.

What’s in a name? Tracing the origins of orangutan scientific names Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:39 AM PDT A team of scientists have undertaken detective work to trace the origin of the first orangutan specimen to be scientifically named Pongo pygmaeus. By tracing the history of the specimen as accurately as they can, the team have established Banjarmasin, in the Indonesian part of Borneo, as the most likely place of origin.

Warm ocean current reaches surprisingly far south in the Antarctic Weddell Sea Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:39 AM PDT New observations show that warm deep water reaches the large Filchner ice shelf in the southern Weddell Sea.

Neuroscience-based Framework for Addiction Diagnosis Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:39 AM PDT When it comes to an addictive disorder, you either have it or you don't. But this dichotomous nature of the diagnosis fails to recognize the complexity and diversity of addiction's origins and manifestation in people. A new review proposes an Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) to incorporate more clinical information into the diagnosis of addictive disorders.

Addiction silences synapses in reward circuits Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:39 AM PDT In addiction, cues in the environment can form strong associations with the drug of abuse. A new study suggests that alterations in silent synapses, inactive connections between neurons, could be the neural mechanism underlying the formation of these drug-related memories. The alterations were found in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region involved in reward-related learning.

Exercise results in larger brain size and lowered dementia risk Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:37 AM PDT Regular physical activity for older adults could lead to higher brain volumes and a reduced risk for developing dementia. It particularly affected the size of the hippocampus, which controls short-term memory, and its protective effect against dementia was strongest in people age 75 and older.

Mountain environments more vulnerable to climate change than previously reported Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:37 AM PDT New research by a forest landscape ecology professor shows that organisms will face more hardships as they relocate when climate change makes their current homes uninhabitable.

Ultrasonic vibrations cause fingers to bounce on touchscreens, reducing the friction Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:37 AM PDT Researchers discover that ultrasonic vibrations reduce friction on flat screens by causing the fingertip to bounce on pockets of trapped air.

Trading changes how brain processes selling decisions Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:37 AM PDT Experience in trading changes how the human brain evaluates the sale of goods, muting an economic bias known as the endowment effect in which people demand a higher price to sell a good than they're willing to pay for it. The findings come from a set of experiments on why traders are less susceptible to the effect.

People not technology will drive success of autonomous vehicles Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:37 AM PDT As the world moves closer to autonomous and self-driving vehicles, road safety experts are turning from technology to psychology to better understand the road to safer mobility.

Flow diagnostics breakthrough for hydraulic capsule pipeline Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:37 AM PDT Pipelines that carry capsules containing almost any type of freight over long distances have the potential to become an important, cost-effective and environmentally friendly form of transportation. Now, research has led to the development of mathematical models that can ensure new pipeline systems are designed to be as economic and efficient as possible.

Simpler way to diagnose and understand childhood pneumonia infections Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:35 AM PDT Researchers are developing a tool to make it much easier and cheaper to diagnose pneumonia -- the number one killer of children under 5. Currently, diagnosis requires X-ray and microbiology lab facilities -- unavailable in many areas of the world.

Tracking down the first chefs Posted: 02 Aug 2016 07:35 AM PDT A piece of experimental research has shown that human bites on bones have distinctive features allowing them to be differentiated from the bites made by other animals, and that cooking the meat in advance influences the appearance of these marks. This study provides valuable conclusions for analyzing food remains found on sites.

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