ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Bioengineers grow living bone for facial reconstruction
• Kindergarteners' mathematics success hinges on preschool skills
• Multitasking proteins: Unexpected properties of galectin-3
• Scientists convert carbon dioxide, create electricity
• Sharks get bad rap when viewed with ominous background music
• Drink-seeking rats provide sobering look into genetics of alcoholism
• Biofuel production technique could reduce cost, antibiotics use
• New X-Ray microscopy technique images nanoscale workings of rechargeable batteries
• Radar tracking reveals the 'life stories' of bumblebees as they forage for food
• Detailed structure of cell's garbage disposal unit reveals surprise in how it is targeted by cancer drugs
• Hidden pollution exchange between oceans and groundwater revealed
• Vaccine candidates protect against Zika virus in rhesus monkeys
• Geological data provide support for legendary Chinese flood
• Sunflowers move by the clock
• Goodbye, implants rejection!
• Dot-drawing with drones
• Computer modeling for designing drug-delivery nanocarriers
• Melting ice sheet could expose frozen Cold War-era hazardous waste
• Don't freestyle 'swimmer's shoulder' injuries
• Despite expectations of privacy, one in four share sexts, study finds
• Adaptation to climate risks: Political affiliation matters
• Whales' ultrasonic hearing has surprisingly ancient history, fossilized ear shows
• Vitamin D levels may drop when women stop using birth control
• Fibroblast growth factor signalling controls fin regeneration in zebrafish
• How proteins control gene expression by binding both DNA and RNA
• Mystery of Sable Island’s Growing Wild Horse Population
• Health-care costs are bad medicine
• Can you teach koalas new tricks?
• Schizophrenia simulator: When chemistry upends sanity's balance
• Clarifying the fusion plasma confinement improvement mechanism
• Genomics study points to origins of pollen allergens
• Smiling baby monkeys and the roots of laughter
• Spider sharing isn't always caring: Colonies die when arachnids overshare food
• Lab-reared maggots may save Darwin's famous finches
• Phase-change device imitates the functionality of neurons
• Toxic blue-green algae adapt to rising CO2
• Brains of overweight people 'ten years older' than lean counterparts at middle-age
• Towards the T-1000: Liquid metals propel future electronics
• View that sickle cell trait increases mortality risk challenged
• Insomnia? Oversleeping? Both may increase your risk of stroke

Bioengineers grow living bone for facial reconstruction Posted: 04 Aug 2016 02:24 PM PDT Researchers have engineered living bone tissue to repair bone loss in the jaw, a structure that is typically difficult to restore. They grafted customized implants into pig jaws that resulted in integration and function of the engineered graft into the recipient's own tissue.

Kindergarteners' mathematics success hinges on preschool skills Posted: 04 Aug 2016 02:16 PM PDT Researchers have discovered that preschoolers who better process words associated with numbers and understand the quantities associated with these words are more likely to have success with math when they enter kindergarten. Findings also reveal that children who have a basic understanding that addition increases quantity and subtraction decreases it are much better prepared for math in school.

Multitasking proteins: Unexpected properties of galectin-3 Posted: 04 Aug 2016 02:16 PM PDT Biochemistry research on lectins and proteoglycans have been around as long as Frank Sinatra tunes. So finding out that these proteins interact is like discovering Sinatra and Elvis started a band way back when. Researchers explain how this finding could impact cancer and immune system research.

Scientists convert carbon dioxide, create electricity Posted: 04 Aug 2016 02:16 PM PDT Scientists have developed an oxygen-assisted aluminum/carbon dioxide power cell that uses electrochemical reactions to both sequester the carbon dioxide and produce electricity.

Sharks get bad rap when viewed with ominous background music Posted: 04 Aug 2016 02:16 PM PDT In a new study, researchers found that the background music in shark documentaries affects viewers' perceptions of sharks. The researchers suggest that ominous background music could hinder shark conservation efforts.

Drink-seeking rats provide sobering look into genetics of alcoholism Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:27 PM PDT Alcohol-craving rats have provided researchers with a detailed look into the complicated genetic underpinnings of alcoholism.

Biofuel production technique could reduce cost, antibiotics use Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:27 PM PDT A new technique gives biofuel-producing microbes the upper hand against unwanted invaders. The development could reduce the cost and environmental impact of producing liquid biofuels and biochemicals as alternatives to petroleum-based products.

New X-Ray microscopy technique images nanoscale workings of rechargeable batteries Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:27 PM PDT An X-ray microscopy technique has given scientists the ability to image nanoscale changes inside lithium-ion battery particles as they charge and discharge. The real-time images provide a new way to learn how batteries work, and how to improve them.

Radar tracking reveals the 'life stories' of bumblebees as they forage for food Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:27 PM PDT Scientists have tracked the flight paths of a group of bumblebees throughout their entire lives to find out how they explore their environment and search for food.

Detailed structure of cell's garbage disposal unit reveals surprise in how it is targeted by cancer drugs Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:27 PM PDT Cancer cells are more dependent on a cellular garbage disposal unit -- the proteasome -- than healthy cells, and cancer therapies take advantage of this dependency. Scientists have determined the proteasome's 3D structure in unprecedented detail and have deciphered the exact mechanism by which inhibitor drugs block the proteasome. Their surprising results will pave the way to develop more effective treatments.

Hidden pollution exchange between oceans and groundwater revealed Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:25 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered previously hidden sources of ocean pollution along more than 20 percent of America's coastlines. The study offers the first-ever map of underground drainage systems that connect fresh groundwater and seawater, and also pinpoints sites where drinking water is most vulnerable to saltwater intrusion now and in the future.

Vaccine candidates protect against Zika virus in rhesus monkeys Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:25 PM PDT A ZIKV purified inactivated virus Zika vaccine candidate provided robust protection against the virus in rhesus monkeys in a new preclinical study. Findings support advancing the candidate to human trials.

Geological data provide support for legendary Chinese flood Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:24 PM PDT Researchers have provided geological evidence for China's 'Great Flood,' a disastrous event on the Yellow River from which the Xia dynasty is thought to have been born. The flood occurred in roughly 1920 BC, they say, which is several centuries later than traditionally thought -- meaning the Xia dynasty, and its renowned Emperor Yu, likely had a later start than Chinese historians have thought, too.

Sunflowers move by the clock Posted: 04 Aug 2016 12:24 PM PDT Plant biologists have discovered how sunflowers use their internal circadian clock, acting on growth hormones, to follow the sun during the day as they grow. Following the sun allows the plants to grow faster and put on more biomass.

Goodbye, implants rejection! Posted: 04 Aug 2016 11:22 AM PDT A group of physicists developed a way to use the therapeutic effect of heating or cooling the tissues due to the magnetocaloric effect.

Dot-drawing with drones Posted: 04 Aug 2016 11:14 AM PDT You may have heard of plans to use drones for delivering packages, monitoring wildlife, or tracking storms. But painting murals? Researchers have enlisted tiny drones to create dot drawings -- an artistic technique known as stippling.

Computer modeling for designing drug-delivery nanocarriers Posted: 04 Aug 2016 11:12 AM PDT Researchers have developed a computer model that will aid in the design of nanocarriers, microscopic structures used to guide drugs to their targets in the body. The model better accounts for how the surfaces of different types of cells undulate due to thermal fluctuations, informing features of the nanocarriers that will help them stick to cells long enough to deliver their payloads.

Melting ice sheet could expose frozen Cold War-era hazardous waste Posted: 04 Aug 2016 11:12 AM PDT Climate change is threatening to expose hazardous waste at an abandoned camp thought to be buried forever in the Greenland Ice Sheet, new research has found. Camp Century, a United States military base built within the Greenland ice sheet in 1959, doubled as a top-secret site for testing the feasibility of deploying nuclear missiles during the Cold War. When the camp was decommissioned in 1967, its infrastructure and waste were abandoned.

Don't freestyle 'swimmer's shoulder' injuries Posted: 04 Aug 2016 11:12 AM PDT Elite and competitive swimmers log between 60,000 and 80,000 meters weekly -- swimming the length of an Olympic-sized pool 1,200 times -- which places significant stress on their shoulder joints.

Despite expectations of privacy, one in four share sexts, study finds Posted: 04 Aug 2016 11:10 AM PDT A new study from Indiana University researchers shows that although most people who engage in sexting expect their messages to remain private, nearly one in four people are sharing the sexual messages they receive.

Adaptation to climate risks: Political affiliation matters Posted: 04 Aug 2016 11:10 AM PDT A new study reveals that those who affiliate with the Democratic Party have different views than those who vote Republican on the following issues: the likelihood of floods occurring, adopting protection measures, and expectations of disaster relief from the government.

Whales' ultrasonic hearing has surprisingly ancient history, fossilized ear shows Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:59 AM PDT All living toothed whales rely upon echoes of their own calls to navigate and hunt underwater, a skill that works best in conjunction with high-frequency hearing. Now, researchers who studied one of the best-preserved ears of any ancient whale ever discovered find that whales' high-frequency hearing abilities arose earlier than anticipated.

Vitamin D levels may drop when women stop using birth control Posted: 04 Aug 2016 10:54 AM PDT Women risk having their vitamin D levels fall when they stop using birth control pills or other contraceptives containing estrogen, according to a new study.

Fibroblast growth factor signalling controls fin regeneration in zebrafish Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:23 AM PDT Researchers found that fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) play an important role in regeneration of damaged fins in zebrafish, offering potential clues on tissue regeneration in other species.

How proteins control gene expression by binding both DNA and RNA Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:23 AM PDT Proteins that bind DNA or RNA are usually put in different categories, but researchers recently showed how the p53 protein has the capacity to bind both and how this controls gene expression on the levels of both transcription (RNA synthesis) and mRNA translation (protein synthesis).

Mystery of Sable Island’s Growing Wild Horse Population Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:19 AM PDT Biologists have made a significant advance in understanding the ecology of Sable Island and its iconic wild horses -- one that underscores how intimately connected living systems are.

Health-care costs are bad medicine Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:16 AM PDT New research shows one in four chronically ill Australians is skipping health care because of high costs.

Can you teach koalas new tricks? Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:16 AM PDT Researchers have found that koalas are more clever than they thought them to be in a world-first study that tracked the Australian animal more comprehensively than ever before in suburban Brisbane.

Schizophrenia simulator: When chemistry upends sanity's balance Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:16 AM PDT Schizophrenia goes hand in hand with brain chemistry out of kilter, and treatment options for a major symptom aren't great. Biomedical engineers data-mined the collective scientific knowledge of a major symptom, the disruption of working memory, to build a remarkably accurate simulator that can help researchers and doctors devise new treatments.

Clarifying the fusion plasma confinement improvement mechanism Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:16 AM PDT Scientists, as a result of measuring electric potential of JFT-2M tokamak plasma using the "Heavy Ion Beam Probe" and analyzing experimental data, have achieved the important result of clarifying the confinement improvement mechanism, which had been a riddle for the past thirty years. This confinement improvement mode is being used as the standard operation mode in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).

Genomics study points to origins of pollen allergens Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:16 AM PDT A new study has provided the first broad picture of the evolution and possible functions in the plant of pollen allergens.

Smiling baby monkeys and the roots of laughter Posted: 04 Aug 2016 07:16 AM PDT When human and chimp infants are dozing, they sometimes show facial movements that resemble smiles. These facial expressions, called spontaneous smiles, are considered the evolutionary origin of real smiles and laughter. Researchers show that this not only happens to higher-order primates like humans and chimpanzees, but also in newborn Japanese macaques, which are more distant relatives in the evolutionary tree.

Spider sharing isn't always caring: Colonies die when arachnids overshare food Posted: 04 Aug 2016 06:51 AM PDT Spiders living together in colonies of tens of thousands can go extinct from sharing food equitably, finds new research.

Lab-reared maggots may save Darwin's famous finches Posted: 04 Aug 2016 06:51 AM PDT Researchers reveal how they used chicken blood to rear larvae of the fly Philornis downsi, an invasive species that parasitizes birds in the Galapagos Islands. The new method may be the first to effectively rear an avian blood-feeding fly from egg to adult in the absence of its host.

Phase-change device imitates the functionality of neurons Posted: 04 Aug 2016 06:33 AM PDT Scientists have created randomly spiking neurons using phase-change materials to store and process data. This demonstration marks a significant step forward in the development of energy-efficient, ultra-dense integrated neuromorphic technologies for applications in cognitive computing.

Toxic blue-green algae adapt to rising CO2 Posted: 04 Aug 2016 04:14 AM PDT A common type of blue-green algae is finding it easy to adapt to Earth's rising CO2 levels, meaning blue-green algae -- of which there are many toxin-producing varieties -- are even more adept at handling changing climatic conditions than scientists previously supposed. Microbiologists point at implications for clean drinking water, swimming safety and freshwater ecosystems.

Brains of overweight people 'ten years older' than lean counterparts at middle-age Posted: 04 Aug 2016 04:12 AM PDT From middle-age, the brains of obese individuals display differences in white matter similar to those in lean individuals ten years their senior, according to new research.

Towards the T-1000: Liquid metals propel future electronics Posted: 04 Aug 2016 04:12 AM PDT How can we move beyond solid state electronics towards flexible soft circuit systems? New self-propelling liquid metals could be the answer. The advance opens the potential for creating makeshift and floating electronics, bringing science fiction - like the shape-shifting liquid metal T-1000 Terminator - one step closer to real life.

View that sickle cell trait increases mortality risk challenged Posted: 03 Aug 2016 06:42 PM PDT Health experts have long believed that sickle cell gene variants, which occur in about one in 13 African-Americans, increase the risk of premature death, even when people carry only a single copy of the variant. But health records of nearly 50,000 active-duty US Army soldiers between 2011 and 2014 shows that's not the case.

Insomnia? Oversleeping? Both may increase your risk of stroke Posted: 03 Aug 2016 06:42 PM PDT There is growing evidence that sleep disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea are related to stroke risk and recovery from stroke, according to a recent literature review.

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