ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• E-cigarettes may have helped 18,000 people quit smoking in 2015
• Study links selfies, happiness
• Computer algorithm illuminates need of high-volume hospitals and standard care for transplant patients
• Losing teeth raises older adults' risks for physical and mental disability
• Smoking may lead to heart failure by thickening the heart wall
• Treatment could prevent neuropathy in diabetic patients
• Families caring for an aging America
• Chronic stress increases level of a protein that decreases availability of mood-regulating chemical
• Kidney cancer treatment: Potential for new classes of HIF inhibitors
• Children's willpower linked to smoking habits throughout life
• Impact of advertising psychiatric drugs
• Memory loss not enough to diagnose Alzheimer's
• Angry drivers have a higher risk of collision
• Brain network that controls spread of seizures identified
• Research evaluates risk factors for postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants
• Cold plasma will heal non-healing wounds
• Integrating graphene, reduced graphene oxide onto silicon chips at room temperature
• Discrimination toward overweight adolescents predictive of emotional problems
• Mice born from 'tricked' eggs
• New set of recommendations developed to improve quality of cost-effectiveness analyses
• Implementation of value-driven outcomes program associated with reduced costs, improved quality
• Rap1, a potential new target to treat obesity
• New score seeks to expand pool of kidneys available for transplant
• Antibody discovery could help create improved flu vaccines
• New technique generates human neural stem cells for tissue engineering, 3D brain models
• Risk factors, clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
• Study examines survival outcomes after different lung cancer staging methods
• Scientists develop therapeutic protein, protect nerve cells from Huntington's disease
• Killing superbugs with star-shaped polymers, not antibiotics
• Stiff, oxygen-deprived tumors promote spread of cancer
• Molecules released by Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterium pave the way for invasive infection
• More than just a cue, intrinsic reward helps make exercise a habit
• Cancer bests Zika as top health care concern, national health checkup finds
• Cyclotron opens up new prospects for fundamental, applied research in radiopharmaceutical chemistry
• New strategy to obtain a specific type of amyloid-beta aggregate that may underlie neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease
• Radical new approach to behavior change for public health
• DNA-altering technology developed to tackle diseases
• Genes that control cellular senescence identified: Potential applications for cancer treatment and development of anti-aging products
• Keep intimate life intact despite tumor surgery in the pelvis
• Scientists discover potential mechanism for early detection, better treatment of gastric cancer
• Healthy diet boosts children’s reading skills
• Despite chronic pain, South Africans with HIV-related pain are surprisingly active
• Belief about nicotine content in cigarette may change brain activity and craving
• Reducing consumption of discretionary (unhealthy) foods and replacing them with core foods
• Levels of angiopoetin-like protein 2 predict risk of death in type 2 diabetes
• Gestational diabetes, diabetes before pregnancy associated with several poor outcomes for baby, including abnormal size, jaundice, low blood sugar, and malformations
• UK commercial pilots with diabetes and treated with insulin can fly with no safety concerns
• School sex education often negative, heterosexist, and out of touch
• Time to outsource key tasks of WHO to better-placed and capable agencies, say experts
• Broccoli v. French fries: Appealing to teens' impulse to rebel can curb unhealthy eating
• Scientists use genetic analysis to forecast spatial expansion of rabies in Peru
• Muscular dystrophy-causing receptor has broader role in brain development
• 'Tracking bugs' reveal secret of cancer cell metabolism

E-cigarettes may have helped 18,000 people quit smoking in 2015 Posted: 13 Sep 2016 03:50 PM PDT E-cigarettes may have helped about 18,000 people in England to give up smoking in 2015, according to new research. It's estimated that 2.8 million people in the UK use e-cigarettes. And they are the most popular smoking cessation aid in the UK, say the researchers.

Study links selfies, happiness Posted: 13 Sep 2016 02:34 PM PDT Regularly snapping selfies with your smartphone and sharing photos with your friends can help make you a happier person, according to computer scientists. In a first-of-its-kind study published just before back-to-school season, the authors found that students can combat the blues with some simple, deliberate actions on their mobile devices.

Computer algorithm illuminates need of high-volume hospitals and standard care for transplant patients Posted: 13 Sep 2016 02:34 PM PDT Using the results from a computerized mathematical model, researchers investigated whether they could improve heart and lung transplantation procedures by transferring patients from low-volume to high-volume transplant centers.

Losing teeth raises older adults' risks for physical and mental disability Posted: 13 Sep 2016 02:33 PM PDT New research suggests that it is essential for older adults to receive adequate dental care, as well as the support they need to maintain good oral health self-care.

Smoking may lead to heart failure by thickening the heart wall Posted: 13 Sep 2016 02:32 PM PDT Smokers without obvious signs of heart disease were more likely than nonsmokers and former smokers to have thickened heart walls and reduced heart pumping ability, report investigators at conclusion of their study. The longer and more cigarettes people smoked, the greater the damage to their hearts' structure and function, they report. Heart measures in former smokers were similar to nonsmokers, suggesting that quitting may reverse tobacco-related damage.

Treatment could prevent neuropathy in diabetic patients Posted: 13 Sep 2016 12:05 PM PDT Depleting a chemical called GM3 through genetic modification prevented the development of neuropathy in obese diabetic mice, a new study reports.

Families caring for an aging America Posted: 13 Sep 2016 10:41 AM PDT The demand for family caregivers for adults who are 65 or older is increasing significantly, and family caregivers need more recognition, information, and support to fulfill their responsibilities and maintain their own health, financial security, and well-being, says a new report.

Chronic stress increases level of a protein that decreases availability of mood-regulating chemical Posted: 13 Sep 2016 10:40 AM PDT One way chronic stress appears to cause depression is by increasing levels of a protein in the brain that decreases the availability of an important chemical that regulates our mood, scientists report.

Kidney cancer treatment: Potential for new classes of HIF inhibitors Posted: 13 Sep 2016 10:40 AM PDT New insights into the potential for new classes of HIF inhibitors to restore control of the hypoxia response -- representing the potential foundation of a new cancer-fighting strategy -- are the focus of recently published research.

Children's willpower linked to smoking habits throughout life Posted: 13 Sep 2016 10:40 AM PDT A link between childhood self-control and smoking habits across life have been uncovered by researchers. The researchers found children with low self-control by age 10/11 were more likely to take up smoking in adolescence and had substantially higher rates of smoking as adults, even decades later aged 55.

Impact of advertising psychiatric drugs Posted: 13 Sep 2016 10:40 AM PDT Direct-to-consumer advertising of psychiatric medications appears to increase prescribing, which may be having a mixed effect on the quality of treatment, according to a new review of the very few studies on the topic.

Memory loss not enough to diagnose Alzheimer's Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:54 AM PDT Relying on clinical symptoms of memory loss to diagnose Alzheimer's disease may miss other forms of dementia caused by Alzheimer's that don't initially affect memory, reports a new study.

Angry drivers have a higher risk of collision Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:52 AM PDT Angry, aggressive drivers have much higher odds of being in a motor vehicle collision than those who don't get angry while driving, a new study shows.

Brain network that controls spread of seizures identified Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:52 AM PDT Researchers have identified a new explanation for why some seizures spread across the brain. Using a computer model based on direct brain recordings from epilepsy patients, they are the first to show the existence of a network of neural regions that can push or pull on the synchronization of the regions directly involved in a seizure.

Research evaluates risk factors for postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:52 AM PDT Postpartum depression is the most common complication of pregnancy and childbirth, affecting up to 15 percent of all women within the first three months following delivery. Research has shown that mothers of infants born prematurely have almost double the rates of postpartum depression, particularly during their time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Cold plasma will heal non-healing wounds Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:47 AM PDT Treating cells with cold plasma leads to their regeneration and rejuvenation, research shows. This result can be used to develop a plasma therapy program for patients with non-healing wounds, say the investigators.

Integrating graphene, reduced graphene oxide onto silicon chips at room temperature Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:47 AM PDT Researchers have developed a technique that allows them to integrate graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide onto silicon substrates at room temperature using lasers. The advance raises the possibility of creating new electronic devices, and the researchers are already planning to use the technique to create smart biomedical sensors.

Discrimination toward overweight adolescents predictive of emotional problems Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:47 AM PDT Discrimination and bullying experienced by sixth graders who are overweight leads to emotional problems by the end of eighth grade, according to new research. The results suggest that to reduce the emotional problems, efforts must not only focus on children and adolescents' weight-loss, but must address the disrespectful and exclusionary behavior by their peer group.

Mice born from 'tricked' eggs Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:45 AM PDT Eggs can be 'tricked' into developing into an embryo without fertilization, but the resulting embryos, called parthenogenotes, die after a few days because key developmental processes requiring input from sperm don't happen. However, scientists have developed a method of injecting mouse parthenogenotes with sperm that allows them to become healthy baby mice with a success rate of up to 24 per cent.

New set of recommendations developed to improve quality of cost-effectiveness analyses Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:45 AM PDT The Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine reviewed the current status of the field of cost-effectiveness analysis and developed a new set of recommendations, with major changes including the recommendation to perform analyses from two reference case perspectives and to provide an impact inventory to clarify included consequences, according to an article.

Implementation of value-driven outcomes program associated with reduced costs, improved quality Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:45 AM PDT Implementing an analytic tool that allocates clinical care costs and quality measures to individual patient encounters was associated with significant improvements in value of care for 3 designated outcomes -- total joint replacement, laboratory testing among medical inpatients, and sepsis management, according to a new study.

Rap1, a potential new target to treat obesity Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:45 AM PDT A new mechanism in the mouse brain has been discovered that regulates obesity. The study shows that this new mechanism can potentially be targeted to treat obesity.

New score seeks to expand pool of kidneys available for transplant Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:08 AM PDT Researchers analyzed data from thousands of transplants and developed a scoring system for donor kidneys that they hope might expand the pool of available organs in two ways.

Antibody discovery could help create improved flu vaccines Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:07 AM PDT Investigators report that they have discovered a type of immune antibody that can rapidly evolve to neutralize a wide array of influenza virus strains – including those the body hasn't yet encountered.

New technique generates human neural stem cells for tissue engineering, 3D brain models Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:07 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a new technique for generating rapidly-differentiating human neural stem cells for use in a variety of tissue engineering applications, including a three-dimensional model of the human brain, according to a new report.

Risk factors, clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis after transcatheter aortic valve replacement Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:07 AM PDT Among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, younger age, male sex, history of diabetes mellitus, and moderate to severe residual aortic regurgitation were significantly associated with an increased risk of infective endocarditis, and patients who developed endocarditis had high rates of in-hospital mortality and 2-year mortality, according to a study.

Study examines survival outcomes after different lung cancer staging methods Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:06 AM PDT Accurate mediastinal nodal staging is crucial in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) because it directs therapy and has prognostic value. Now researchers have examined five-year survival after endosonography vs mediastinoscopy for mediastinal nodal staging of lung cancer.

Scientists develop therapeutic protein, protect nerve cells from Huntington's disease Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:06 AM PDT Huntington's disease is an inherited genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes huntingtin protein. A new scientific study reveals one way to stop proteins from triggering an energy failure inside nerve cells during Huntington's disease.

Killing superbugs with star-shaped polymers, not antibiotics Posted: 13 Sep 2016 08:57 AM PDT Tiny, star-shaped molecules are effective at killing bacteria that can no longer be killed by current antibiotics, new research shows. The star-shaped structures are short chains of proteins called 'peptide polymers.'

Stiff, oxygen-deprived tumors promote spread of cancer Posted: 13 Sep 2016 08:57 AM PDT Specific conditions -- tumor hardness and a lack of oxygen at the tumor's core -- lead to breast-cancer progression in laboratory cultures, researchers have found.

Molecules released by Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterium pave the way for invasive infection Posted: 13 Sep 2016 08:56 AM PDT It's been known that the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae secretes small molecules called siderophores that enable it to acquire iron from a host and fuel its spread. Now, researchers have found that these molecules play additional roles in helping the organism invade.

More than just a cue, intrinsic reward helps make exercise a habit Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:11 AM PDT Anyone who has tried sticking to an exercise routine knows it isn't easy. But the combination of a conditioned cue and intrinsic reward may be the key to developing an exercise habit, according to a new study.

Cancer bests Zika as top health care concern, national health checkup finds Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:09 AM PDT While Zika remains a hot topic in the news, a new survey reveals that Americans believe the country's most significant health care challenge is cancer. In fact, the survey findings report "infectious diseases, such as Zika and Ebola," are tied with HIV/AIDS as the least important health care challenges listed by respondents following cancer; obesity; neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; diabetes and heart disease.

Cyclotron opens up new prospects for fundamental, applied research in radiopharmaceutical chemistry Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:06 AM PDT A new particle accelerator generating radioactive isotopes for use in nuclear chemistry will be employed to create new medical radiopharmaceuticals, report scientists.

New strategy to obtain a specific type of amyloid-beta aggregate that may underlie neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:06 AM PDT For the first time, researchers describe how to prepare a specific type of aggregate of the amyloid-beta protein with the ability to perforate the cell membrane. What causes neuron death and the subsequent cognitive decline in Alzheimer´s disease is still unknown.

Radical new approach to behavior change for public health Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:06 AM PDT A new approach to behavior change that has been shown to successfully change hygiene, nutrition and exercise-related behaviors is described in a new paper.

DNA-altering technology developed to tackle diseases Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:06 AM PDT The ability to alter DNA accurately will open more doors in the development of personalized medicine that could help to tackle human diseases that currently have few treatment options. Examples of diseases that have unmet therapeutic needs include neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease, muscular dystrophies, and blood disorders like sickle cell anemia.

Genes that control cellular senescence identified: Potential applications for cancer treatment and development of anti-aging products Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:05 AM PDT A research group has succeeded in identifying genes that control cellular senescence - permanently arrested cell growth. The process involved treating liver cancer cells using anticancer drugs of various concentrations, inducing apoptotic cell death and cellular senescence, and comparing gene expression levels. By developing drugs that suppress the activity of these genes, this discovery has potential applications for creating new highly-effective anticancer drugs, or use in anti-aging drugs.

Keep intimate life intact despite tumor surgery in the pelvis Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:05 AM PDT Tumor surgery in the pelvis (urogenital and anal area) can lead to injuries of the regional nervous center and therefore to bowel and bladder incontinence and sexual function disorders. This can dramatically influence the quality of life of those affected. A device used to measure nerve function could help, say researchers.

Scientists discover potential mechanism for early detection, better treatment of gastric cancer Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:05 AM PDT Changes in ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequences play a major role in the development of gastric cancer, researchers have discovered. Further research into this novel driving force for gastric cancer may potentially contribute towards early detection of gastric cancer and better treatment of the deadly disease.

Healthy diet boosts children’s reading skills Posted: 13 Sep 2016 07:05 AM PDT A healthy diet is linked to better reading skills in the first three school years, shows a recent study.

Despite chronic pain, South Africans with HIV-related pain are surprisingly active Posted: 13 Sep 2016 06:58 AM PDT South Africans with HIV-related pain are surprisingly active and this is not due to their resilience, says a new report. More than 50% of HIV-positive individuals experience a painful condition like headache, chest pain or neuropathy, and that pain is frequently experienced as moderate to severe in intensity.

Belief about nicotine content in cigarette may change brain activity and craving Posted: 13 Sep 2016 06:58 AM PDT How the brain responds to nicotine depends on a smoker's belief about the nicotine content in a cigarette, according to new research. The study found that smoking a nicotine cigarette but believing that it lacked nicotine failed to satisfy cravings related to nicotine addiction.

Reducing consumption of discretionary (unhealthy) foods and replacing them with core foods Posted: 12 Sep 2016 04:30 PM PDT New research shows the impact that substituting energy intake from discretionary foods (including sugar-sweetened beverages and confectionary) with healthier, core foods, and reducing levels of added sugar in discretionary foods could have in the diet of the Australian population.

Levels of angiopoetin-like protein 2 predict risk of death in type 2 diabetes Posted: 12 Sep 2016 04:30 PM PDT In patients with type 2 diabetes, those with higher levels of a growth factor protein called angiopoetin-like protein 2 (Angplt2) have an increased risk of death and serious cardiovascular events, research shows.

Gestational diabetes, diabetes before pregnancy associated with several poor outcomes for baby, including abnormal size, jaundice, low blood sugar, and malformations Posted: 12 Sep 2016 04:29 PM PDT Both gestational diabetes (which develops during pregnancy) and pre-gestational diabetes (present before conception) in a pregnant woman are associated with a range of poor outcomes for her child, new research confirms.

UK commercial pilots with diabetes and treated with insulin can fly with no safety concerns Posted: 12 Sep 2016 04:29 PM PDT UK commercial airline pilots with insulin-treated diabetes can fly safely, with almost all of their blood sugar readings at safe levels.

School sex education often negative, heterosexist, and out of touch Posted: 12 Sep 2016 04:29 PM PDT School sex education is often negative, heterosexist, and out of touch, and taught by poorly trained, embarrassed teachers, finds a synthesis of the views and experiences of young people in different countries.

Time to outsource key tasks of WHO to better-placed and capable agencies, say experts Posted: 12 Sep 2016 04:29 PM PDT It's time to outsource key functions of The World Health Organization to bodies such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, The World Bank and The Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria that are better placed and qualified to execute the WHO's remit, experts argue in a new article.

Broccoli v. French fries: Appealing to teens' impulse to rebel can curb unhealthy eating Posted: 12 Sep 2016 02:38 PM PDT By appealing to widely-held adolescent values, it's possible to reduce unhealthy eating habits and motivate better food choices among adolescents, a new report suggests.

Scientists use genetic analysis to forecast spatial expansion of rabies in Peru Posted: 12 Sep 2016 01:13 PM PDT Rabies is likely to appear on the Pacific coast of Peru—an area where it currently does not occur—within four years, according to a report by an international team of researchers.

Muscular dystrophy-causing receptor has broader role in brain development Posted: 12 Sep 2016 01:13 PM PDT Dystroglycan, a muscle cell receptor whose dysfunction causes muscular dystrophy, actually has a critical role in brain development, researchers have discovered.

'Tracking bugs' reveal secret of cancer cell metabolism Posted: 12 Sep 2016 01:10 PM PDT A simple experiment, originally undertaken to test a new methodology, unexpectedly disproved the prevailing notion of cancer metabolism.

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