ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Ice Man, Ötzi: A treacherous murder with links to Central Italy
• Science can shape healthy city planning
• How to power up graphene implants without frying cells
• To produce biopharmaceuticals on demand, just add water
• Landmark map reveals the genetic wiring of cellular life
• Vitamin B levels during pregnancy linked to eczema risk in child
• Pediatric atopic dermatitis may benefit from early immune intervention
• Precision medicine trial first of its kind to show benefit to patients
• Unique molecular atlas of pancreas produced
• New hope in fight against aggressive, often hard to treat brain tumor
• Multifaceted genetic impact of training
• Specific trauma experiences contribute to women's alcohol use, differs by race
• Older adults with long-term alcohol dependence lose neurocognitive abilities
• 100 million prescription opioids go unused each year following wisdom teeth removal, study estimates
• Melanoma tumors use interferon-gamma mutations to fight immunotherapy
• Ancient remedy becomes novel approach to treating clostridium difficile infection

Ice Man, Ötzi: A treacherous murder with links to Central Italy Posted: 23 Sep 2016 11:01 AM PDT The copper used to make Ötzi's axe blade did not come from the Alpine region as had previously been supposed, but from ore mined in southern Tuscany. Ötzi was probably not involved in working the metal himself, as the high levels of arsenic and copper found in his hair had, until now, led us to assume. His murder over 5,000 years ago seems to have been brought about due to a personal conflict a few days before his demise, and the man from the ice, despite his normal weight and active life-style, suffered from extensive vascular calcification.

Science can shape healthy city planning Posted: 23 Sep 2016 09:10 AM PDT The health gains achieved if cities were designed so that shops, facilities, work and public transportation were within walking distance of most residents have now been quantified by researchers. In a series of articles, researchers tackle how to implement timely research into city design, planning and policy to improve the health of a city's residents.

How to power up graphene implants without frying cells Posted: 23 Sep 2016 07:05 AM PDT In the future, our health may be monitored and maintained by tiny sensors and drug dispensers, deployed within the body and made from graphene -- one of the strongest, lightest materials in the world. Graphene is composed of a single sheet of carbon atoms, linked together like razor-thin chicken wire, and its properties may be tuned in countless ways, making it a versatile material for tiny, next-generation implants.

To produce biopharmaceuticals on demand, just add water Posted: 23 Sep 2016 06:46 AM PDT Researchers have created tiny freeze-dried pellets that include all of the molecular machinery needed to translate DNA into proteins, which could form the basis for on-demand production of drugs and vaccines.

Landmark map reveals the genetic wiring of cellular life Posted: 23 Sep 2016 06:44 AM PDT A new map breaks away from the old way of studying genes one at a time, showing how genes interact in groups to shed light on the genetic roots of diseases.

Vitamin B levels during pregnancy linked to eczema risk in child Posted: 23 Sep 2016 06:29 AM PDT Infants whose mothers had a higher level of a particular type of vitamin B during pregnancy have a lower risk of eczema at age 12 months, new research has shown. The study is the first to link maternal serum levels of nicotinamide, a naturally occurring vitamin, and related metabolites to the risk of atopic eczema in the child.

Pediatric atopic dermatitis may benefit from early immune intervention Posted: 23 Sep 2016 05:38 AM PDT An association between pediatric eczema and large abnormalities in non-lesional skin and multi T lymphocyte axes activation has been uncovered by researchers.

Precision medicine trial first of its kind to show benefit to patients Posted: 23 Sep 2016 05:36 AM PDT A clinical trial for types of advanced cancer is the first of its kind to show that precision medicine – or tailoring treatment for individual people – can slow down the time it takes for a tumor to grow back, according to research.

Unique molecular atlas of pancreas produced Posted: 23 Sep 2016 05:36 AM PDT The first molecular map of the genes that are active in the various cells of the human pancreas has now been produced by researchers. They have also revealed differences in genetic activity between people with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls.

New hope in fight against aggressive, often hard to treat brain tumor Posted: 23 Sep 2016 05:35 AM PDT A potential way of stopping one of the most aggressive types of brain tumor from spreading has now been identified by researchers, which could lead the way to better patient survival. Glioblastoma is one of the most common types of malignant brain tumors in adults. They are fast growing and can spread easily. The tumor has threadlike tendrils that extend into other parts of the brain making it difficult to remove it all.

Multifaceted genetic impact of training Posted: 23 Sep 2016 05:35 AM PDT Endurance training changes the activity of thousands of genes and give rise to a multitude of altered DNA-copies, RNA, researchers report. The study also nuances the concept of muscle memory.

Specific trauma experiences contribute to women's alcohol use, differs by race Posted: 22 Sep 2016 02:46 PM PDT Trauma exposure has consistently been reported as a risk factor for alcohol use and related problems. Further, racial differences in alcohol use, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and trauma exposure between European American (EA) and African American (AA) women have been reported previously. This study sought to identify racial differences in alcohol involvement, and to examine the risk conferred by specific trauma exposures and PTSD for different stages of alcohol involvement in EA and AA women.

Older adults with long-term alcohol dependence lose neurocognitive abilities Posted: 22 Sep 2016 02:46 PM PDT Heavy drinking can lead to neurophysiological and cognitive changes ranging from disrupted sleep to more serious neurotoxic effects. Aging can also contribute to cognitive decline. Several studies on the interaction of current heavy drinking and aging have had varied results. This study sought to elucidate the relations among age, heavy drinking, and neurocognitive function.

100 million prescription opioids go unused each year following wisdom teeth removal, study estimates Posted: 22 Sep 2016 01:12 PM PDT More than half of opioids prescribed to patients following surgical tooth extraction – such as the removal of impacted wisdom teeth – were left unused by patients, research shows. The authors say the surplus is troubling given the ongoing opioid epidemic and evidence showing that individuals who abuse prescription opioids often use leftover pills that were prescribed for friends or family members.

Melanoma tumors use interferon-gamma mutations to fight immunotherapy Posted: 22 Sep 2016 09:54 AM PDT Melanoma tumors use genetic mutations in a prominent immune response pathway to resist the immunotherapy ipilimumab, researchers report. These findings open the door to testing an array of IFN-y genes prospectively as a predictor for response to ipilimumab and for exploring new combinations to defeat IFN-y-related resistance.

Ancient remedy becomes novel approach to treating clostridium difficile infection Posted: 22 Sep 2016 09:44 AM PDT The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection, clinical presentation of infection, diagnosis and various therapies including fecal microbiota transplant have been the focus of recent research, all laid out in a new report.

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