ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Nano-lipid particles from edible ginger could improve drug delivery for colon cancer, study finds
• NFL players' careers most affected by surgery to patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and ACL
• Project investigates malnutrition in children, liver impairments
• New article-level metric measures the influence of scientific research
• Extending primary care hours is linked to fewer emergency department visits
• Structure of mammalian protein complex of respiratory chain solved at atomic level
• Early study shows malaria vaccine efficacy may improve by changing dosing schedule
• TB can persist in lungs despite treatment, researchers find
• Over-the-counter head lice treatments are likely to fail
• Electric fans may exacerbate heat issues for seniors, study finds
• Post-mortem assessment guidelines for vascular cognitive impairment
• Screening for suicidal thoughts, behaviors declines with patient age
• Cesarean delivery may lead to increased risk of obesity among offspring
• Zika virus may persist in eyes: Disease may spread from infected eyes
• Intervention addresses pediatric patient families' social needs
• Prevalence of celiac appears steady but followers of gluten-free diet increase
• Simple saline spray could be as effective as drug therapy for treating chronic nosebleeds
• MRIs in first trimester of pregnancy not associated with increased risk to fetus, study shows
• Diagnosing, managing food allergies: A guide for physicians
• Drinking to belong: Students and low self-esteem
• Scientists have discovered a specific molecular biomarker for malignant melanoma
• Gamblers more prone to violent behavior
• Young people exposed to vaping ads less likely to think occasional smoking bad for health
• Twin study helps unravel the genetic blueprint of the human brain
• Single HIV mutation induces distinct T cell immune responses
• Fungi contribute to delayed healing of chronic wounds
• Common bacteria show promise for treating celiac disease
• New treatment may help those with rare immune cancers
• It may be time to abandon dreaded digital rectal exam, research shows
• High quality evidence suggests Vitamin D can reduce asthma attacks
• Hypertension: Releasing the pressure at its source
• Nanotechnology supports treatment of malignant melanoma
• Food allergies: Allergic to soy?
• CRF overexpression increases anxiety in primates
• Doughnut in a cage holds the key to bacteria's survival
• Deaths from ovarian cancer decline worldwide due to oral contraceptive use
• Increased risk of pneumococcal pneumonia with hospital admission during school holidays
• Early life exposure to antibiotics is related to increased risk of allergies later in life
• Obesity linked to improved survival in kidney cancer
• From DNA to disease, study describes rare, new brain disorder
• Promising drug leads identified to combat heart disease
• Heavy burden of EHRs could contribute to physician burnout
• African fishers undertake highly risky expeditions to make a living
• Tumor microenvironment acts as a mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy
• Most parents rely on outdated advice when caring for a child with concussion
• Sex in later life: Better for women than men?
• A new angle on anxiety
• 'Traffic jam' in brain linked to common cognitive disorder
• Medicinal properties of tropical fruit 'asam keping'
• Suicide prevention's front line: Family and friends
• Study opens door to targeted treatments for esophageal cancer

Nano-lipid particles from edible ginger could improve drug delivery for colon cancer, study finds Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:57 AM PDT Edible ginger-derived nano-lipids created from a specific population of ginger nanoparticles show promise for effectively targeting and delivering chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat colon cancer, according to a study.

NFL players' careers most affected by surgery to patellar tendon, Achilles tendon and ACL Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:56 AM PDT The first comprehensive injury database that compares return-to-play rate and performance-based outcomes in NFL players who had orthopaedic surgery has now been released. Nearly 80 percent of the 559 players included in the database returned to play after surgery. Surgery for tendon injuries results in worse career trajectory than with other surgeries, say the authors, emphasizing that understanding performance outcomes may lead to alterations in training regimens and help guide postoperative expectations for an athlete's career

Project investigates malnutrition in children, liver impairments Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:55 AM PDT A gene, PEX2, has been identified as an essential requirement for the loss of peroxisomes in cells cultured without enough nutrients. The study's findings contribute to a project on novel treatment strategies for severely malnourished children.

New article-level metric measures the influence of scientific research Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:55 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new metric, known as the Relative Citation Ratio, which will allow researchers and funders to quantify and compare the influence of a scientific article. RCR measures a scientific publication's influence in a way that is article-level and field-independent.

Extending primary care hours is linked to fewer emergency department visits Posted: 06 Sep 2016 11:55 AM PDT Keeping primary care practices open for more hours on nights and weekends was linked to a reduction in patient-initiated emergency department visits for minor problems, according to a new study.

Structure of mammalian protein complex of respiratory chain solved at atomic level Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:16 AM PDT The mitochondrial Complex I plays a central role in cellular respiration and energy metabolism. The ~1 Megadalton L-shaped protein complex is the largest protein assembly of the respiratory chain and now the largest asymmetric membrane protein assembly solved to date.

Early study shows malaria vaccine efficacy may improve by changing dosing schedule Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:16 AM PDT Researchers recently published results of a phase II study which demonstrated that by changing the dosing regimen, the efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S/AS01, was improved to approximately 87 percent, compared with 63 percent using the current standard regimen.

TB can persist in lungs despite treatment, researchers find Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:14 AM PDT It has been known that the microbe that causes TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can persist in the lungs even after patient tissue samples test negative for the bacteria. In new research, scientists have found through the use of positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scanning that TB lesions can remain in the lungs long after treatment with antibiotics has been completed.

Over-the-counter head lice treatments are likely to fail Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:14 AM PDT A recent review on head lice treatments available in the United States described a marked decline in the effectiveness of permethrin/synergized pyrethrins (collectively pyrethroids), likely due to resistance arising from widespread and indiscriminate use over 30 years.

Electric fans may exacerbate heat issues for seniors, study finds Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:14 AM PDT Using electric fans to relieve high levels of heat and humidity may, surprisingly, have the opposite effect for seniors, a study by heart specialists suggests.

Post-mortem assessment guidelines for vascular cognitive impairment Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:13 AM PDT The first validated set of pathological criteria for assessing the likelihood that cognitive impairment was caused by vascular disease has been outlined by new research.

Screening for suicidal thoughts, behaviors declines with patient age Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:13 AM PDT Documented screening for self-harm, suicide ideation, or suicide attempts declined with age, from approximately 81 percent in younger age groups to a low of 68 percent among those aged greater than or equal to 85 years, shows a recent analysis of patient charts from eight different emergency departments.

Cesarean delivery may lead to increased risk of obesity among offspring Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:09 AM PDT Individuals born by cesarean delivery were 15 percent more likely to become obese as children than individuals born by vaginal birth -- and the increased risk may persist through adulthood, according to a large new study.

Zika virus may persist in eyes: Disease may spread from infected eyes Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:09 AM PDT Zika virus is capable of infecting the eye, according to a new study. The study, in mice, helps explain why some people with Zika virus develop eye disease, and suggests that contact with infected eyes may play a role in spreading the disease.

Intervention addresses pediatric patient families' social needs Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:07 AM PDT An intervention that paired caregivers with a navigator to help address the social needs of families of pediatric patients was associated with decreased needs reported by the families and improved overall child health status, according to an article.

Prevalence of celiac appears steady but followers of gluten-free diet increase Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:06 AM PDT More people are eating gluten-free, although the prevalence of celiac disease appears to have remained stable in recent years, according to an article.

Simple saline spray could be as effective as drug therapy for treating chronic nosebleeds Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:06 AM PDT Squirting a simple saline solution into the nose twice a day could alleviate chronic nosebleeds just as effectively as spraying with any one of three different medications, reports a new study. The research highlights that there could be benefit to even the simplest of interventions.

MRIs in first trimester of pregnancy not associated with increased risk to fetus, study shows Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:06 AM PDT Performing an MRI on a woman in the early part of pregnancy does not increase the risk of her baby being stillborn, dying soon after birth or having a birth defect, a new study suggests. Nor do the children have a higher risk of vision loss, hearing loss or cancer in their first four years.

Diagnosing, managing food allergies: A guide for physicians Posted: 06 Sep 2016 10:06 AM PDT A new review aims to help physicians diagnose and manage food allergies in children and adults. The article looks at recent evidence from guidelines, randomized controlled trials and other research.

Drinking to belong: Students and low self-esteem Posted: 06 Sep 2016 07:37 AM PDT It's that time of year again, when students old and new are heading to university. Certain behaviors might be expected in the coming months, drinking in particular. Drinking is widespread among student populations, whether for social enrichment or the need to conform. However, many college students experience the darker side of binge drinking; violence, unsafe sex or poor academic performance. New research examines motivations for drinking in students with low self-esteem, finding that these individuals indulge far more than their more confident peers.

Scientists have discovered a specific molecular biomarker for malignant melanoma Posted: 06 Sep 2016 07:33 AM PDT Melanoma is one of the types of cancer that poses the greatest challenge to researchers because it manifests itself in many ways, it contains a large number of mutations and displays high metastatic capacity. To date, clinicians mostly base their diagnosis on observation, such as by measuring thickness: a tumor depth of only two millimeters implied a poor prognosis.

Gamblers more prone to violent behavior Posted: 06 Sep 2016 07:33 AM PDT Men who gamble are more likely to act violently towards others, with the most addicted gamblers the most prone to serious violence. A new study found that gambling in any capacity -- pathological, problem, or so-called casual gambling -- related to significantly increased risk of violence, including domestic abuse.

Young people exposed to vaping ads less likely to think occasional smoking bad for health Posted: 06 Sep 2016 07:33 AM PDT Exposure to advertisements for e-cigarettes may decrease the perceived health risks of occasional tobacco smoking, suggests new research, prompting concern that this may lead more young people to experiment with smoking.

Twin study helps unravel the genetic blueprint of the human brain Posted: 06 Sep 2016 07:31 AM PDT Researchers have found a strong genetic contribution to almost all cortical and subcortical brain structures, and have identified three clusters of genetically related structures. The research paves the way for a genetic blueprint of the human brain and better understanding of normal brain development, cognitive functioning and age-related diseases.

Single HIV mutation induces distinct T cell immune responses Posted: 06 Sep 2016 07:31 AM PDT Scientists have discovered that a single T cell-selected HIV mutation can produce different T cell adaptations. The finding demonstrates that the complexity of the HIV/T cell co-evolution is much higher than previously thought.

Fungi contribute to delayed healing of chronic wounds Posted: 06 Sep 2016 07:31 AM PDT Fungal communities found in chronic wounds can form mixed bacterial-fungal biofilms and can be associated with poor outcomes and longer healing times, researchers have discovered. Their report is the first deep characterization of the fungi found in diabetic foot ulcers.

Common bacteria show promise for treating celiac disease Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT Researchers have isolated an enzyme from bacteria present in human saliva that has potential as a therapy for celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune disorder that causes severe digestive and other health problems among sufferers when they consume gluten.

New treatment may help those with rare immune cancers Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT New research may help those with advanced mastocytosis and possibly many more people. Mastocytosis is a rare disease of the immune system in which the body produces too many abnormal mast cells. Mast cells control allergic and inflammatory responses. Research on a new drug shows that it may prolong life significantly and improve quality of life.

It may be time to abandon dreaded digital rectal exam, research shows Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT The dreaded finger exam to check for prostate cancer used to be a mainstay of check-ups for older men. With its value now in question, some doctors share the risks and benefits with their patients and let them decide. So, should they or shouldn't they? Research suggests that in most cases, it is time to abandon the test.

High quality evidence suggests Vitamin D can reduce asthma attacks Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:56 AM PDT New research has found evidence from randomized trials, that taking an oral vitamin D supplement in addition to standard asthma medication is likely to reduce severe asthma attacks. Asthma is a common chronic disease affecting about 300 million people worldwide. The symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Low blood levels of vitamin D have been linked to increased risk of asthma attacks in children and adults with asthma. There has been a growing interest in the potential role of vitamin D in asthma management because it might help to reduce upper respiratory infections, (such as the common cold) that can lead to exacerbations of asthma. Several clinical trials have tested whether taking vitamin D as a supplement has an effect on asthma attacks, symptoms and lung function in children and adults with asthma.

Hypertension: Releasing the pressure at its source Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:52 AM PDT Researchers are eyeing the first new anti-hypertensive drug treatment strategy in more than 15 years, having identified a potential new way of treating high blood pressure, or hypertension, by targeting aberrant nerve signals in the carotid bodies, which sit on the common carotid arteries on each side of the neck.

Nanotechnology supports treatment of malignant melanoma Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:52 AM PDT Changes in the genetic make-up of tissue samples can be detected quickly and easily using a new method based on nanotechnology. A new study in first clinical tests with genetic mutations in patients with malignant melanoma.

Food allergies: Allergic to soy? Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:52 AM PDT Food allergies have been on the increase for years. There is currently only one solution for patients: avoid allergy-triggering products. Researchers are making an important contribution to consumer protection by developing methods to specifically and reliably detect allergenic substances in foods. In addition, they are helping to establish processes that reduce the allergy-triggering properties of food ingredients. Their research work focuses on soy.

CRF overexpression increases anxiety in primates Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:51 AM PDT Overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a stress-related gene, increases anxious temperament in monkeys, new research indicates. The findings provide a direct link in primates between alterations in stress-related systems in the brain and the development of anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders often begin early in life and anxious temperament during childhood is considered a risk for later development of anxiety and depression.

Doughnut in a cage holds the key to bacteria's survival Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:51 AM PDT Scientists have shed new light on how bacteria survive – they rely on a doughnut. The researchers found that bacteria have a unique doughnut-shaped protein that sits in a cage inside their cells to help them store potentially dangerous iron. They believe this discovery could lead to innovations in medical imaging and could even be used to track cancer cells, or look for damage caused by heart disease.

Deaths from ovarian cancer decline worldwide due to oral contraceptive use Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:50 AM PDT Deaths from ovarian cancer fell worldwide between 2002 and 2012 and are predicted to continue to decline in the USA, European Union and, though to a smaller degree, in Japan by 2020, according to new research. The main reason is the use of oral contraceptives and the long-term protection against ovarian cancer that they provide.

Increased risk of pneumococcal pneumonia with hospital admission during school holidays Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:50 AM PDT A new study shows that adults admitted to hospital during school holidays are 38 percent more likely to have pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia than those admitted during term time.

Early life exposure to antibiotics is related to increased risk of allergies later in life Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:50 AM PDT New research shows that exposure to antibiotics early in life is related to increased risk of developing allergies later in life.

Obesity linked to improved survival in kidney cancer Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:50 AM PDT Obesity almost always increases cancer risk and worsens outcomes, but researchers report that overweight patients with advanced kidney cancer had significantly longer survival than those who were normal or underweight.

From DNA to disease, study describes rare, new brain disorder Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:49 AM PDT A team of scientists shows how mutations in the gene GPT2 lead to a rare developmental and potentially degenerative brain disease. The study highlights both new medical and scientific opportunities, say the researchers.

Promising drug leads identified to combat heart disease Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:49 AM PDT Using a unique computational approach to rapidly sample, in millisecond time intervals, proteins in their natural state of gyrating, bobbing, and weaving, a research team has identified promising drug leads that may selectively combat heart disease, from arrhythmias to cardiac failure.

Heavy burden of EHRs could contribute to physician burnout Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:48 AM PDT For every hour physicians provide direct clinical face time to patients, nearly two additional hours is spent on electronic health records (EHRs) and other clerical work within the clinic day. Experts say this may be contributing to their burnout.

African fishers undertake highly risky expeditions to make a living Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:48 AM PDT Fishers in Central Africa often cover hundreds of miles in very basic boats without engines searching for food to feed their families and make a living, a new study shows.

Tumor microenvironment acts as a mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:48 AM PDT Researchers have discovered the importance of tumor environment as a source of resistance to treatment in colorectal cancer, the fourth most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.

Most parents rely on outdated advice when caring for a child with concussion Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:48 AM PDT Many parents would rely on outdated advice when caring for a child with a concussion, inadvertently making matters worse, a new survey reveals. The survey asked 569 parents nationwide what measures they would take if their child's concussion symptoms lasted for more than a week.

Sex in later life: Better for women than men? Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:48 AM PDT Having sex frequently -- and enjoying it -- puts older men at higher risk for heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems. For older women, however, good sex may actually lower the risk of hypertension.

A new angle on anxiety Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:48 AM PDT Clinical anxiety affects up to 30 percent of Americans who are in great need of better treatments with fewer side effects. A study finds that certain neurons in the hypothalamus play a central, previously unknown role in triggering anxiety.

'Traffic jam' in brain linked to common cognitive disorder Posted: 06 Sep 2016 05:48 AM PDT A brain MRI could help improve the diagnosis of people with a common type of cognitive disorder, according to a new study. Vascular cognitive disorder is caused by disease of the vessels supplying blood to the brain. Strokes and transient ischemic attacks, or ministrokes, are risk factors. The resulting loss of healthy brain tissue adversely affects concentration and decision making and leads to problems with planning and organizing.

Medicinal properties of tropical fruit 'asam keping' Posted: 05 Sep 2016 10:02 AM PDT The fruit of the 'asam keping' tree can be used to prevent atherosclerosis - that is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries -, according to research.

Suicide prevention's front line: Family and friends Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:48 AM PDT A suicide prevention hotline clinician says knowing the warning signs and what to say could save lives. Each year, close to 43,000 Americans die by suicide, and for the past two decades, suicide rates have been on the rise in the United States, particularly among men aged 45 to 64 and girls aged 10 to 14 -- a demographic whose rates have tripled since 1999.

Study opens door to targeted treatments for esophageal cancer Posted: 05 Sep 2016 08:45 AM PDT Esophageal cancer can be classified into three different subtypes, paving the way for testing targeted treatments tailored to patients' disease for the first time, scientists have discovered.

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