ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Genetically engineered crops are safe, review of studies finds
• New genetic variations discovered
• How to be a male without the Y chromosome
• Adaptation to food deprivation as a clue for treating metabolic diseases
• Upswing in prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use among young adults, study finds
• Parents cite lack of need as reason for not getting kids flu shots
• New treatment strategy could cut Parkinson's disease off at the pass
• Genetic switch for cancer cells' immortality revealed
• Scientists track unexpected mechanisms of memory
• Scientists discover how cells put the brakes on protein production
• Network and gene tools help quickly identify new, rare genetic disease
• Omega-3 fatty acid stops known trigger of lupus
• Research into fly development provides insights into blood vessel formation
• Structure of the BinAB toxin revealed
• Where you live shapes your immune system more than your genes
• Scientists reveal how signals from pathogenic bacteria reach danger sensors of cells
• Identifying children and saving lives one thumbprint at a time
• Pre-screening for young athletes at risk of sudden cardiac death
• Ovarian removal to prevent ovarian cancer should not be an option for premenopausal women, research finds
• Ki67 may help avoid sentinel lymph node biopsy in some patients
• Men with high genetic chance of bowel cancer could have lower risk with healthy lifestyles
• Consumption of a bioactive compound from Neem plant could significantly suppress development of prostate cancer
• Cells migrate collectively by intermittent bursts of activity
• Milk intake is objectively not linked to increased cardiovascular risk, study suggests
• Recycling approved drugs for cancer treatment
• Cocaine accumulation in fish eyes
• Nuclear protein causes neuroblastoma to become more aggressive
• Platelet biomechanics sheds light on coronary disease
• Cardiac risk a factor when considering hormonal therapy for prostate cancer
• Moderate activity helps older adults maintain mobility, independence
• Nanoparticle creates 'wave of destruction' in cancer cells
• Component of red wine, grapes can help to reduce inflammation, study finds
• Brain disruptions similar across many emotional disorders
• Particular HPV strain linked to improved prognosis for throat cancer
• Overweight and obesity linked to high workers' compensation costs
• Researchers mine Twitter for cardiovascular disease research
• X-rays reveal new path in battle against mosquito-borne illness

Genetically engineered crops are safe, review of studies finds Posted: 30 Sep 2016 06:02 AM PDT Genetically engineered crops are no different from conventional crops in terms of their risks to human health and the environment, according to a new report.

New genetic variations discovered Posted: 30 Sep 2016 05:09 AM PDT New research identifies 17 rare human genetic variations associated with risk factors for diseases. The study shows how large scale genomic datasets can be used to help identify potential novel biological targets for studying cardiovascular and other diseases.

How to be a male without the Y chromosome Posted: 30 Sep 2016 05:07 AM PDT Key sex-determining genes continue to operate in a mammalian species that lacks the Y chromosome, taking us a step further toward understanding sex differentiation, report researchers.

Adaptation to food deprivation as a clue for treating metabolic diseases Posted: 30 Sep 2016 05:06 AM PDT When people are deprived of food, a number of biological mechanisms are set in motion to adapt the body's metabolism to the conditions of scarcity. One of these processes has been revealed by a team of researchers that has discovered how three important proteins collaborate on a genetic level to provide a response to long-term fasting.

Upswing in prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use among young adults, study finds Posted: 29 Sep 2016 06:52 PM PDT From 2002 to 2014, there was an increase in the probability of having a prescription opioid use disorder among young adults using prescription opioids for non medical purposes, new research has found.

Parents cite lack of need as reason for not getting kids flu shots Posted: 29 Sep 2016 12:19 PM PDT Despite the fact that influenza leads to more hospitalizations and deaths among children than any other vaccine-preventable disease, parents frequently decline vaccinating their children against influenza because they don't perceive the need, according to a new case-control study.

New treatment strategy could cut Parkinson's disease off at the pass Posted: 29 Sep 2016 11:27 AM PDT Researchers report they have identified a protein that enables a toxic natural aggregate to spread from cell to cell in a mammal's brain -- and a way to block that protein's action. Their study in mice and cultured cells suggests that an immunotherapy already in clinical trials as a cancer therapy should also be tested as a way to slow the progress of Parkinson's disease, the researchers say.

Genetic switch for cancer cells' immortality revealed Posted: 29 Sep 2016 11:23 AM PDT Scientists have revealed how a genetic switch involved in the packaging of DNA may be key to a cancer cell's ability to keep growing.

Scientists track unexpected mechanisms of memory Posted: 29 Sep 2016 11:05 AM PDT Our brains hold on to memories via physical changes in synapses, the tiny connections between neurons. Unexpected molecular mechanisms by which these changes take place have now been revealed by new research.

Scientists discover how cells put the brakes on protein production Posted: 29 Sep 2016 10:37 AM PDT A new scientific study conducted by a team of geneticists has characterized how cells know when to stop translating DNA into proteins, a critical step in maintaining healthy protein levels and cell function.

Network and gene tools help quickly identify new, rare genetic disease Posted: 29 Sep 2016 10:36 AM PDT A new genetic disorder, which still has no name, has been identified using a national network and gene mapping tools. It shares similarities to two other rare genetic disorders arising from related genes, say researchers.

Omega-3 fatty acid stops known trigger of lupus Posted: 29 Sep 2016 10:36 AM PDT Consuming an omega-3 fatty acid called DHA, or docosahexaenoic acid, can stop a known trigger of lupus and potentially other autoimmune disorders, researchers have discovered.

Research into fly development provides insights into blood vessel formation Posted: 29 Sep 2016 10:25 AM PDT Researchers working with flies describe that the concentration of some small intracellular organelles determines the branching capacity of tracheal cells. Tracheal cells are analogous to the cells that form blood vessels in the human body. The inhibition or stimulation of new blood vessels has implications in cancer and in tissue regeneration.

Structure of the BinAB toxin revealed Posted: 29 Sep 2016 10:25 AM PDT Could we get rid of mosquitoes without polluting the environment? Yes, we can, say researchers. The BinAB toxin, produced in crystal form by a bacterium, specifically kills the larvae of Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes, but it is inactive on tiger mosquitoes (or Aedes), the vectors for dengue fever and chikungunya. Knowledge of the molecular structure of BinAB is necessary if we are to broaden its spectrum of action.

Where you live shapes your immune system more than your genes Posted: 29 Sep 2016 10:24 AM PDT Like fingerprints, immune systems vary from person to person. And although we all inherit a unique set of genes that help us respond to infections, recent studies have found that our history and environment--like where and with whom we live--are responsible for 60% to 80% of the differences between individual immune systems, while genetics account for the rest.

Scientists reveal how signals from pathogenic bacteria reach danger sensors of cells Posted: 29 Sep 2016 10:24 AM PDT An essential protein induced by the signaling protein interferon is needed to activate danger-sensing proteins in the cytoplasm of cells, scientists describe in a new report.

Identifying children and saving lives one thumbprint at a time Posted: 29 Sep 2016 08:17 AM PDT Digital scans of a young child's fingerprints can be correctly identified one year later, a first-of-its-kind study demonstrates. A child could be identified by a simple fingerprint scan at each medical visit, allowing them to get proper medical care such as life-saving vaccinations or food supplements, say authors of a new report.

Pre-screening for young athletes at risk of sudden cardiac death Posted: 29 Sep 2016 08:17 AM PDT Although rare, sudden cardiac death in young athletes raises serious concerns, especially because most victims report no warning symptoms. Pre-participation screening aims to identify children, adolescents, and young adults at risk, but there is not yet consensus regarding the best way to accomplish this. A new report sheds light on this controversial topic by describing a new screening protocol that offers advantages over American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations and shows that the electrocardiogram (ECG) is the best single screening method.

Ovarian removal to prevent ovarian cancer should not be an option for premenopausal women, research finds Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:25 AM PDT The controversial practice of ovary removal in premenopausal women to prevent ovarian cancer should be discontinued in women who are not at high risk of cancer, new evidence suggests.

Ki67 may help avoid sentinel lymph node biopsy in some patients Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:23 AM PDT Breast cancer patients over 50 years old could be spared invasive procedures by use of stratification based on tumor size and molecular characteristics, including Ki67. The cell proliferation index Ki67 is significantly associated with lymph node metastases in patients aged over 50 years and with smaller tumors, which may help reduce the need for sentinel lymph node biopsies in some women, researchers report.

Men with high genetic chance of bowel cancer could have lower risk with healthy lifestyles Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:23 AM PDT Men with a high genetic risk of developing bowel cancer over the next 25 years could have a lower risk of developing the disease if they also have a healthy lifestyle, according to a study.

Consumption of a bioactive compound from Neem plant could significantly suppress development of prostate cancer Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:22 AM PDT Oral administration of nimbolide, over 12 weeks shows reduction of prostate tumor size by up to 70 per cent and decrease in tumor metastasis by up to 50 per cent, report investigators.

Cells migrate collectively by intermittent bursts of activity Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:22 AM PDT Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Researchers have now discovered that this motion occurs by intermittent bursts of activity. It can be described by universal scaling laws similar to the ones observed in other driven systems outside of biology.

Milk intake is objectively not linked to increased cardiovascular risk, study suggests Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:21 AM PDT A new study has debunked the association between milk and dairy products and increased cardiovascular risk. The work included the computational analysis of the masses of data obtained in relation to an innovative new biomarker.

Recycling approved drugs for cancer treatment Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:20 AM PDT In recent years, it has become a medical trend to do research on well-known drugs, to discover unknown effects. This strategy is called repurposing. Now researchers have found that a drug against kidney cancer can possibly fight several types of cancer.

Cocaine accumulation in fish eyes Posted: 29 Sep 2016 05:20 AM PDT A study using a new imaging method has revealed that, surprisingly, cocaine accumulates in the eyes of zebrafish. The findings indicate that chemicals – especially psychoactive drugs – need to be assessed quite differently with waterborne exposure than, for example, when pharmaceutical substances are tested in mice. In particular, the uptake mechanisms and effects of cocaine in fish cannot simply be transferred to mammals or humans.

Nuclear protein causes neuroblastoma to become more aggressive Posted: 28 Sep 2016 07:16 PM PDT Aggressive forms of neuroblastoma contain a specific protein in their cells' nuclei that is not found in the nuclei of more benign forms of the cancer, and the discovery could lead to new forms of targeted therapy, say researchers.

Platelet biomechanics sheds light on coronary disease Posted: 28 Sep 2016 07:16 PM PDT The answer to a 20-year-old physiology question may offer clues for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis and its related conditions, as well as heart attacks.

Cardiac risk a factor when considering hormonal therapy for prostate cancer Posted: 28 Sep 2016 12:35 PM PDT Men who received hormonal therapy for prostate cancer had a net harm if they had a prior history of a heart attack, new research concludes.

Moderate activity helps older adults maintain mobility, independence Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:32 AM PDT By adopting a walking routine and other moderate physical activities, older adults can recover from a major disability more quickly, and maintain their independence over time, according to a new study.

Nanoparticle creates 'wave of destruction' in cancer cells Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:19 AM PDT Nanoparticles known as Cornell dots, or C dots, have shown great promise as a therapeutic tool in the detection and treatment of cancer. Now, the ultrasmall particles have shown they can do something even better: kill cancer cells without attaching a cytotoxic drug.

Component of red wine, grapes can help to reduce inflammation, study finds Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:19 AM PDT A component of red wine and grapes can help control inflammation induced by a bacterial pathogen that is linked to upper respiratory tract inflammatory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and middle ear infection (otitis media), according to a study.

Brain disruptions similar across many emotional disorders Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:19 AM PDT In an analysis of existing studies that used MRI images to study the brain's white matter, researchers describe common brain abnormalities found in multiple emotional disorders.

Particular HPV strain linked to improved prognosis for throat cancer Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:17 AM PDT Findings of improved survival for patients with a type of head and neck cancer linked to HPV-16, and comparatively worse outcomes for other HPV strains, have treatment implications.

Overweight and obesity linked to high workers' compensation costs Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:17 AM PDT Obese and overweight workers are more likely to incur high costs related to workers' compensation claims for major injuries, reports a new study.

Researchers mine Twitter for cardiovascular disease research Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:17 AM PDT A pilot analysis of archived tweets on cardiovascular disease has been conducted. In it, researchers sifted through a sample of approximately ten billion tweets posted between 2009 and 2015, and found more than 500,000 English-language, U.S.-originating tweets that related to cardiovascular disease.

X-rays reveal new path in battle against mosquito-borne illness Posted: 28 Sep 2016 11:05 AM PDT Structural biology research has uncovered how small insecticidal protein crystals that are naturally produced by bacteria might be tailored to combat dengue fever and the Zika virus.

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