ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Minimalist shoes increase leg and foot muscles
• New imaging technique in Alzheimer’s disease opens up possibilities for new drug development
• Possible causes of Celiac disease delimited
• Mechanisms for autophagy: 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• Keeping your synapses sharp: How spermidine reverses age-related memory decline
• Brain diseases manifest in the retina of the eye
• New system can detect cocaine at low concentrations
• Respiratory tract bacterium uncovered as trigger for serious nervous system disease
• IL-34: New, possible target to tackle drug-resistant cancer cells
• More than half of persons with Alzheimer's disease aged 90 years or more use psychotropic drugs
• Desalinating (and drinking) seawater: Towards novel desalination membranes with enhanced performance
• Brain diseases manifest in the retina of the eye
• Self-adhesive dressing generates electrical current that promotes healing, reduces infection risk
• Abnormal brain protein may contribute to Alzheimer's disease development
• How cancer's 'invisibility cloak' works
• Studying therapeutic stool transplantation (fecal microbiota transplantation)
• Solution for secure processing of patient data revealed
• New insights into how drug-resistant bacteria build their defenses
• Research targets genes, traits to improve glaucoma screening, prevention, and treatment
• Cardiovascular risk factor prevention should be addressed at all ages
• Scientists find lethal vulnerability in treatment-resistant lung cancer
• Immediate breast reconstruction reduces psychological impact of mastectomy
• Concussions in female high school athletes: Frequent but under-reported
• Researchers engineer 'micro-pharmacies' in CAR T cells to treat b cell lymphomas
• Researchers shed light on repair mechanism for severe corneal injuries

Minimalist shoes increase leg and foot muscles Posted: 03 Oct 2016 08:04 AM PDT Running in minimalist shoes can increase leg and foot muscle volume.

New imaging technique in Alzheimer’s disease opens up possibilities for new drug development Posted: 03 Oct 2016 07:51 AM PDT Tau PET is a new and promising imaging method for Alzheimer's disease. A case study now confirms that tau PET images correspond to a higher degree to actual changes in the brain. According to the researchers behind the study, this increases opportunities for developing effective drugs.

Possible causes of Celiac disease delimited Posted: 03 Oct 2016 07:49 AM PDT The amount of gluten could be a more important clue than breast-feeding or the timing of the introduction of gluten for continued research into the causes of celiac disease (gluten intolerance). This is one of the findings from several extensive studies of children with an increased genetic risk of celiac disease.

Mechanisms for autophagy: 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Posted: 03 Oct 2016 07:32 AM PDT The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy -- a fundamental process for degrading and recycling cellular components.

Keeping your synapses sharp: How spermidine reverses age-related memory decline Posted: 03 Oct 2016 07:22 AM PDT Synapses, connecting the neurons in our brains, continuously encode new memories, but the ability to form new memories ("learning") diminishes drastically for many of us as we get older. Researchers found that administering a simple substance already found in our bodies, spermidine, helps to avoid age-related synaptic changes and thereby protect from us from age-induced memory impairment.

Brain diseases manifest in the retina of the eye Posted: 03 Oct 2016 07:13 AM PDT Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) may manifest as pathological changes in the retina of the eye. Research now shows that retinal changes may be detected earlier than brain changes. Findings from mouse models suggest that eye examination could be used as a noninvasive screening tool for human brain diseases.

New system can detect cocaine at low concentrations Posted: 03 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT A new method to detect cocaine and mycoplasma at very low concentrations has been developed by researchers. It has been designed as an alternative for use in laboratories and is potentially more competitive than existing analysis methods.

Respiratory tract bacterium uncovered as trigger for serious nervous system disease Posted: 03 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute life-threatening disease of the nervous system that leads to sensory disturbances and acute flaccid paralysis. A group of researchers has now shown for the first time that bacteria, which often cause pneumonia, can trigger the autoimmune disease GBS. Antibodies that not only attack the bacteria but also the outer layer of the body's own nerve cells are a critical step in the pathogenesis of GBS after this respiratory infection.

IL-34: New, possible target to tackle drug-resistant cancer cells Posted: 03 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT Chemoresistant lung cancer cells suppress immune functions and strengthen resistance to chemotherapy by producing interleukin-34 (IL-34)—a type of cytokine, a team of researchers has discovered.

More than half of persons with Alzheimer's disease aged 90 years or more use psychotropic drugs Posted: 03 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT Psychotropic drug use is rather common among persons aged 90 years of more diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease compared with those who were diagnosed at younger age, concludes a study in Finland. Persons aged 90 years or more used antipsychotics 5 times and antidepressants 2.5 times more often than those without the disease in the same age group.

Desalinating (and drinking) seawater: Towards novel desalination membranes with enhanced performance Posted: 03 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT An innovative way to improve the performance of desalination membranes has been revealed by researchers. In the future, membranes for reverse osmosis manufactured with these novel criteria could desalinate seawater with significantly reduced costs

Brain diseases manifest in the retina of the eye Posted: 03 Oct 2016 06:24 AM PDT Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) may manifest as pathological changes in the retina of the eye. Research shows that retinal changes may be detected earlier than brain changes. Findings from mouse models suggest that eye examination could be used as a noninvasive screening tool for human brain diseases.

Self-adhesive dressing generates electrical current that promotes healing, reduces infection risk Posted: 30 Sep 2016 06:41 PM PDT From precious metals to maggots, physicians have tried just about everything to help reverse the negative spiral of chronic wounds. And for good reason – these types of non-healing wounds currently cost the healthcare system in excess of $20 billion a year, and millions of sufferers endure months of pain, disability and the constant concern of infection. Now, scientists are testing an experimental electrified mesh bandage that zaps bacteria and stimulates tissue healing.

Abnormal brain protein may contribute to Alzheimer's disease development Posted: 30 Sep 2016 06:41 PM PDT A recently-recognized pathologic protein in the brain may play a larger role in the development of clinical Alzheimer's disease dementia than previously recognized, according to a new study of nearly 1,000 older adults.

How cancer's 'invisibility cloak' works Posted: 30 Sep 2016 12:03 PM PDT Researchers have discovered how cancer cells become invisible to the body's immune system, a crucial step that allows tumors to metastasize and spread throughout the body.

Studying therapeutic stool transplantation (fecal microbiota transplantation) Posted: 30 Sep 2016 05:07 AM PDT Patients suffering from infection of the bowel with the Gram-positive bacillus Clostridium difficile often have recurrent infections despite antibiotic treatment. In such cases, the transfer of stool from a healthy donor into the patient's bowel is a safe and effective treatment option, concludes research.

Solution for secure processing of patient data revealed Posted: 30 Sep 2016 05:06 AM PDT Large-scale research involving patient data can be done without threat to either the security of the information or the privacy of the patients, thanks to a newly revealed technique. This technique will be used for a new, large-scale study of Parkinson's disease.

New insights into how drug-resistant bacteria build their defenses Posted: 30 Sep 2016 05:06 AM PDT Improved understanding of the way in which hundreds of different types of disease-causing bacteria operate could help pave the way to tackling their effects, according to leading scientists.

Research targets genes, traits to improve glaucoma screening, prevention, and treatment Posted: 29 Sep 2016 06:52 PM PDT Researchers from the U.S. and India have begun a new collaborative project to identify genetic risk factors and traits related to glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide. The researchers' goal is to help develop effective screening, prevention, and treatment strategies for glaucoma.

Cardiovascular risk factor prevention should be addressed at all ages Posted: 29 Sep 2016 06:52 PM PDT Older adults can develop cardiovascular risk factors later in life, according to a study. Investigators found that the development of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol remains high in adults over age 45, even extending up to ages over 75 years. In addition, the development of these risk factors was 25 to 100 percent higher in the black population than in the white population.

Scientists find lethal vulnerability in treatment-resistant lung cancer Posted: 29 Sep 2016 06:52 PM PDT A chink has been found in a so-called "undruggable" lung cancer's armor – and located an existing drug that might provide a treatment.

Immediate breast reconstruction reduces psychological impact of mastectomy Posted: 29 Sep 2016 12:20 PM PDT Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) can avoid some of the psychological effects of undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer, compared to waiting for delayed breast reconstruction (DBR), reports a new study.

Concussions in female high school athletes: Frequent but under-reported Posted: 29 Sep 2016 12:20 PM PDT Nearly half of female athletes participating in high school sports have had a diagnosed or suspected concussion—but most don't report these sports-related injuries to coaches or trainers, reports a study.

Researchers engineer 'micro-pharmacies' in CAR T cells to treat b cell lymphomas Posted: 29 Sep 2016 11:48 AM PDT There has been much recent excitement about immunotherapy and the use of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Historically, CAR T cell immunotherapy has aimed to boost the immune system by giving immune cells the information they need to better recognize tumor cells as foreign and attack them. New work illustrates an untapped potential of CAR T cells to act as targeted delivery vehicles that can function as "micro-pharmacies" for precise therapeutic delivery.

Researchers shed light on repair mechanism for severe corneal injuries Posted: 29 Sep 2016 11:47 AM PDT In cases of severe ocular trauma involving the cornea, wound healing occurs following intervention, but at the cost of opaque scar tissue formation and damaged vision. Recent research has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) — which can differentiate into a variety of cells, including bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat cells — are capable of returning clarity to scarred corneas; however, the mechanisms by which this happens remained a mystery – until now.

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