ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• New tool for cancer patients measures the stress of expenses
• What's really going on in PTSD brains? Experts suggest new theory
• Research uncovers a new disruption at the root of Parkinson's disease
• Link between heart and blood cells in early development
• Different brain atrophy patterns may explain variability in Alzheimers disease symptoms
• Do you really need eight glasses a day?
• Breast milk protein safely reduces hospital infections in preemies
• Researchers activate repair program for nerve fibers
• High response rate in phase I/II pediatric brain cancer trial sets stage for combination therapy with higher response, lower toxicity
• Neoadjuvant immunotherapy prior to surgery is safe, feasible in early lung cancer
• Hookah smoking: Rapidly emerging threat to the health of the nation's young adults
• Staphylococcus aureus: Deciphering a resistance strategy that thwarts certain antimicrobials
• Researchers probe HPV's manipulation of immune system
• Multi-function chip developed to enable next generation implantable device innovations
• Research increases by tenfold the mouse mutation resources of one type available to researchers worldwide
• Impulsivity, sensation seeking increase risk of alcohol and drug use among youths
• Clean water-treatment option to target sporadic outbreaks

New tool for cancer patients measures the stress of expenses Posted: 07 Oct 2016 09:34 AM PDT A team of cancer specialists and health economists have developed a tool that can measure a patient's risk for, and ability to tolerate, the financial stress associated with treatment.

What's really going on in PTSD brains? Experts suggest new theory Posted: 07 Oct 2016 09:34 AM PDT PTSD experts agree that the condition has its roots in very real, physical processes within the brain – and not some sort of psychological "weakness". But no clear consensus has emerged about what exactly has gone "wrong" in the brain. A new theory that integrates decades of research focuses on a key function called context processing.

Research uncovers a new disruption at the root of Parkinson's disease Posted: 07 Oct 2016 09:32 AM PDT Leading-edge research has shown for the first time that a malfunctioning stress-coping mechanism in the brain is at the root of Parkinson's disease. Genetic mutations that cause Parkinson's disease can prevent synapses – the junctions between neurons where electrical signals are transmitted – from coping with the stress of intense brain activity. This damages the synapses, which in turn disrupts the transmission of brain signals. Building on these findings, the scientists hope to correct the dysfunction and find strategies to re-establish normal synaptic communication.

Link between heart and blood cells in early development Posted: 07 Oct 2016 09:06 AM PDT New research reveals endoglin as a critical factor in determining the fate of early undifferentiated cells during development. Endoglin, a receptor involved in cell signaling, has previously been known mostly for its function in blood vessels and angiogenesis. Researchers showed endoglin modulates key signaling pathways to encourage early cells to develop into blood cells at the expense of the heart.

Different brain atrophy patterns may explain variability in Alzheimers disease symptoms Posted: 07 Oct 2016 08:35 AM PDT Mathematical modeling of the brain scans of patients with Alzheimer's disease and others at risk for the devastating neurodegenerative disorder has identified specific patterns of brain atrophy that appear to be related to the loss of particular cognitive abilities.

Do you really need eight glasses a day? Posted: 07 Oct 2016 08:10 AM PDT For the first time, the mechanism that regulates fluid intake in the human body and stops us from over-drinking has been revealed by researchers. Over-drinking can cause potentially fatal water intoxication. The study challenges the popular idea that we should drink eight glasses of water a day for health.

Breast milk protein safely reduces hospital infections in preemies Posted: 07 Oct 2016 05:57 AM PDT Responding to a call from the American Academy of Pediatrics to reduce hospital-acquired infections in neonatal intensive care units across the country, researchers have found a protein in breast milk to be a safe and efficient solution.

Researchers activate repair program for nerve fibers Posted: 07 Oct 2016 05:46 AM PDT Injuries to the spinal cord can cause paralysis and other permanent disabilities because severed nerve fibers do not regrow. Now, scientists have succeeded in releasing a molecular brake that prevents the regeneration of nerve connections. Treatment of mice with "Pregabalin", a drug that acts upon the growth inhibiting mechanism, caused damaged nerve connections to regenerate.

High response rate in phase I/II pediatric brain cancer trial sets stage for combination therapy with higher response, lower toxicity Posted: 07 Oct 2016 05:46 AM PDT A high response rate with a single drug in a phase I/II trial of pediatric brain tumor has set the stage for combination therapy with higher response and lower toxicity, researchers report.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy prior to surgery is safe, feasible in early lung cancer Posted: 07 Oct 2016 05:46 AM PDT Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab is safe and feasible prior to surgery for early lung cancer, researchers report.

Hookah smoking: Rapidly emerging threat to the health of the nation's young adults Posted: 06 Oct 2016 09:00 AM PDT A new study on the growing epidemic of hookah use among America's youth and young adults finds that current waterpipe use has doubled among US adults in a very short time span.

Staphylococcus aureus: Deciphering a resistance strategy that thwarts certain antimicrobials Posted: 06 Oct 2016 08:53 AM PDT The natural presence of fatty acids in the human body leads to increased resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to a class of antimicrobials that target bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, scientists have discovered. While antimicrobial drug discovery is a top research priority, this work reveals that resistance strategies involving host fatty acids can thwart the use of fatty acid synthesis inhibitors to treat staphylococcal infection.

Researchers probe HPV's manipulation of immune system Posted: 06 Oct 2016 07:29 AM PDT Fresh insight has been gained into how one of the main viruses that cause cervical cancer evades its hosts' immune systems. These findings suggest that a protein known as E7, produced by a high-risk type of human papillomavirus (HPV16), may be the key player in suppressing the body's immune response to the virus.

Multi-function chip developed to enable next generation implantable device innovations Posted: 06 Oct 2016 07:10 AM PDT The development of novel integrated circuits for next generation implantable medical devices has now been advanced, according to an international team of researchers.

Research increases by tenfold the mouse mutation resources of one type available to researchers worldwide Posted: 06 Oct 2016 06:29 AM PDT Induced (human-made) germline mouse mutations recently developed are critical to support genetic research in all mammals, including humans. Germline DNA is the genetic material in egg and sperm cells.

Impulsivity, sensation seeking increase risk of alcohol and drug use among youths Posted: 06 Oct 2016 06:23 AM PDT Adolescence can be a challenging time for both young people and their parents. Adolescents often face temptations to experiment with various substances and, unfortunately, this is the time when problem substance use typically begins. Vulnerability likely stems from at least two changes that occur during adolescence: although there are rapid increases in sensation seeking during early- to mid-adolescence, gradual improvements in impulse control become evident only during later adolescence. This study examines how these processes develop in high-risk youths.

Clean water-treatment option to target sporadic outbreaks Posted: 05 Oct 2016 01:20 PM PDT An environmentally friendly technology to zap outbreak-causing viruses and bacteria from public drinking water has been developed by scientists. The protein-based photocatalyst uses light to generate hydrogen peroxide to eliminate E. coli, Listeria, and potentially protozoa like giardia and cryptosporidium.

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