ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Early detection method hopes to prevent psychosis
• Two distinct genetic subtypes found in Crohn's disease patients
• Scientists find static 'stripes' of electrical charge in copper-oxide superconductor
• Spinning semen provides a measurement of fertility
• Imaging with new biomarker tracks tumor progression, response to treatment for common brain cancer
• Human transport has unpredictable genetic, evolutionary consequences for marine species
• Faster, better healing of infected wounds using negative pressure technique
• Small dietary changes reduces cardiovascular disease risk by more than a quarter
• Fungal infection that could help understand some allergies
• Could a 300-year old murder mystery finally be solved?
• Rockcress for heavy-metal clean up
• How neuroscience can benefit the learning and performance of music
• Small-scale agriculture threatens the rainforest
• Bendable electronic paper displays whole color range
• Plant discovered that neither photosynthesizes nor blooms
• Diversified management provides multiple benefits in boreal forests
• Low cost method for examining single leukemia cells could transform treatment
• New study links neuropilin 2 deficiency to inflammation-induced edema and lymphedema
• Engineers reveal fabrication process for revolutionary transparent sensors
• Changes in depression symptoms tied to lung cancer survival
• Alabama suburban parents drive distracted with children in the car
• Wind patterns in lowest layers of supercell storms key to predicting tornadoes
• Factors secreted by gut bacteria may help combat kidney stones
• Diagnostic tests for sinus infections leave much to be desired, study says
• Chemists design organic molecules that glow persistently at room temperature
• A short jump from single-celled ancestors to animals
• Migration routes hold key to bird flu spread, global study finds
• Virtual reality study finds our perception of our body and environment affects how we feel
• Future of Antarctic marine protected areas at risk
• New candidate vaccines against the plague
• Common prostate cancer treatment linked to later dementia, researcher says
• In a first, brain computer interface helps paralyzed man feel again
• Untangling a cause of memory loss in neurodegenerative diseases
• T-rays will 'speed up' computer memory by a factor of 1000
• Why some hummingbirds choose to balloon up before flying south
• Ornamental plants for conserving bees, beneficial insects
• No GPS, no problem: Next-generation navigation
• Biologists use genomics to identify evolving new bird species in southern Idaho
• Sleep-deprived preschoolers eat more
• Researchers probing the beneficial secrets in dolphins' proteins
• Teens light up cigarettes to slim down
• Researchers study diagnostic error in asthma, COPD
• Saving lives by making pneumonia vaccine affordable
• 15 percent of sixth-grade students commit cyber abuse

Early detection method hopes to prevent psychosis Posted: 14 Oct 2016 10:54 AM PDT Mental health researchers have made a promising breakthrough in the early detection of the risk of psychosis, with the eventual hope that patients could be given appropriate treatments earlier to prevent psychotic episodes from occurring.

Two distinct genetic subtypes found in Crohn's disease patients Posted: 14 Oct 2016 10:53 AM PDT Crohn's disease can have devastating consequences and is notoriously hard to treat. Now, scientists have made a discovery that could explain why Crohn's is so variable: the disease has at least two distinct subtypes, each with its own pattern of gene expression and mix of clinical features.

Scientists find static 'stripes' of electrical charge in copper-oxide superconductor Posted: 14 Oct 2016 10:53 AM PDT Understanding the electronic ordering in copper-oxide superconductors could help scientists find the "recipe" for raising the temperature at which current can flow through these materials without energy loss.

Spinning semen provides a measurement of fertility Posted: 14 Oct 2016 10:36 AM PDT The maths of collective behavior has provided a new technique for selecting the best semen for artificial insemination in livestock, new research shows.

Imaging with new biomarker tracks tumor progression, response to treatment for common brain cancer Posted: 14 Oct 2016 07:32 AM PDT Researchers have developed an MRI-based method that can track the state and progression of a common type of genetically mutated brain cancer.

Human transport has unpredictable genetic, evolutionary consequences for marine species Posted: 14 Oct 2016 07:26 AM PDT Human activities, such as shipping, are having a noticeable impact on marine species and their native habitats. New research says that human forms of transport can disrupt natural genetic patterns that have been shaped over long periods of time. This has unknown consequences for both native and invasive species.

Faster, better healing of infected wounds using negative pressure technique Posted: 14 Oct 2016 07:26 AM PDT Shorter wound healing time, fewer dressing changes and the opportunity for earlier discharge from the hospital. These are some of the benefits of negative pressure wound therapy to treat wound infections in connection with vascular surgery at the groin. The method, which has become increasingly common, is also cost-effective, a new report shows.

Small dietary changes reduces cardiovascular disease risk by more than a quarter Posted: 14 Oct 2016 07:18 AM PDT Exchanging few commercially regular-consumed food items with improved fat quality reduces total and LDL cholesterol. A new double-blind randomized controlled trial suggests almost 30% reduction in cardiovascular disease risk

Fungal infection that could help understand some allergies Posted: 14 Oct 2016 07:18 AM PDT Researchers reveal how mould from humidity caused by rotting fruits and vegetables unfolds a surprising strategy to infect plants.

Could a 300-year old murder mystery finally be solved? Posted: 14 Oct 2016 07:18 AM PDT A skeleton was found during construction work at Leine castle in Niedersachsen, Germany in the summer of 2016. This is where Swedish count Philip Christoph Königsmarck disappeared 322 years ago – could it be him? New research follows the dangerous love story between Philip Königsmarck and Georg Ludwig's wife Sophia Dorothea through the love letters they wrote to each other.

Rockcress for heavy-metal clean up Posted: 14 Oct 2016 07:18 AM PDT Rockcress of the Arabidopsis halleri species is known to possess the capability of settling on hostile, heavy metal-contaminated soil. It stores extraordinary high concentrations of certain toxic heavy metals in its leaves: a rare property. Researchers have analyzed approx. 2,000 specimens of this species from 165 locations throughout Europe. In this process, they identified overwhelming diversity that has arisen among plants of the same species over the course of evolution. Their findings help explore plants' enormous potential for future technologies; in this case, they aid the detoxification of soil and the extraction of metals that are of economic interest.

How neuroscience can benefit the learning and performance of music Posted: 14 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Understanding the factors that impact on brain development and brain function in musicians can empower music teachers to unlock each learner's full potential, a new study suggests.

Small-scale agriculture threatens the rainforest Posted: 14 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT An extensive study has mapped the effects of small farmers on the rain forests of Southeast Asia for the first time. The findings are discouraging, with regard to environmental impact, biodiversity and the economy, over the long term.

Bendable electronic paper displays whole color range Posted: 14 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Less than a micrometer thin, bendable and giving all the colors that a regular LED display does, it still needs ten times less energy than a Kindle tablet. Sharing such a description, researchers announce that they have developed the basis for a new electronic "paper".

Plant discovered that neither photosynthesizes nor blooms Posted: 14 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT A new species of plant has been discovered on the subtropical Japanese island of Kuroshima (located off the southern coast of Kyushu in Kagoshima prefecture) and named it Gastrodia kuroshimensis. The new flowering plant species is a very rare event as the flora of this region have been thoroughly investigated. However, G. kuroshimensis was a particularly special discovery because it is both completely mycoheterophic, deriving its nutrition not from photosynthesis but from host fungi, and completely cleistogamous, producing flowers that never bloom.

Diversified management provides multiple benefits in boreal forests Posted: 14 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Forests provide multiple social and environmental benefits and play a key role in bioeconomy particularly in the Nordic countries. For example, the Finnish bioeconomy strategy aims to considerably increase the use of forest-based biomasses and forest harvesting by 2025. However, new research shows that there are strong conflicts between intensive timber harvesting and the provision of other benefits or the maintenance of biodiversity.

Low cost method for examining single leukemia cells could transform treatment Posted: 14 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Leukemia is a disease in which each cell can exhibit different genetic traits, and now researchers have found a cheap way to examine the individual cells. The breakthrough could transform leukemia treatment, say scientists.

New study links neuropilin 2 deficiency to inflammation-induced edema and lymphedema Posted: 14 Oct 2016 06:21 AM PDT Unexpected massive, persistent fluid accumulation and fewer lymphatic capillaries lead to formulation of new hypothesis, according to a new report.

Engineers reveal fabrication process for revolutionary transparent sensors Posted: 13 Oct 2016 07:06 PM PDT Researchers have described in great detail how to fabricate and use transparent graphene neural electrode arrays in applications in electrophysiology, fluorescent microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and optogenetics.

Changes in depression symptoms tied to lung cancer survival Posted: 13 Oct 2016 07:06 PM PDT Worsening depression symptoms are associated with shorter survival for lung cancer patients, particularly those in the early stages of disease, according to a new study.

Alabama suburban parents drive distracted with children in the car Posted: 13 Oct 2016 07:06 PM PDT Parents' driving distracted is a significant danger, and a new study suggests suburban and rural parents still use cellphones with children in the car.

Wind patterns in lowest layers of supercell storms key to predicting tornadoes Posted: 13 Oct 2016 07:06 PM PDT Wind patterns in the lowest 500 meters of the atmosphere near supercell thunderstorms can help predict whether that storm will generate a tornado, report investigators.

Factors secreted by gut bacteria may help combat kidney stones Posted: 13 Oct 2016 07:05 PM PDT Factors secreted by Oxalobacter formigenes, a bacterium that lives in the large intestine, can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate in mice. Such factors may therefore help prevent or treat kidney stones, say researchers.

Diagnostic tests for sinus infections leave much to be desired, study says Posted: 13 Oct 2016 01:05 PM PDT Many patients who see physicians for sinus infections expect to be prescribed an antibiotic, but for the majority of them, that course of treatment won't be effective. Unfortunately, there aren't great tools to determine which patients will or won't benefit from antibiotics.

Chemists design organic molecules that glow persistently at room temperature Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:52 PM PDT LEDs have inspired a new generation of electronics, but there is still work ahead if we want luminescent materials to consume less energy and have longer lifespans. Certain inorganic metals seem promising, but they are rare, expensive to process, and potentially toxic. Researchers now present an alternative: a group of metal-free phosphorescent molecules that efficiently and persistently glow different colors at room temperature and are potentially three times more efficient than a fluorescent organic LED.

A short jump from single-celled ancestors to animals Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:52 PM PDT The first animals evolved from their single-celled ancestors around 800 million years ago, but new evidence suggests that this leap to multi-celled organisms in the tree of life may not have been quite as dramatic as scientists once assumed. Researchers demonstrate that the single-celled ancestor of animals likely already had some of the mechanisms that animal cells use today to develop into different tissue types.

Migration routes hold key to bird flu spread, global study finds Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:50 PM PDT Monitoring the migration routes of wild birds could help to provide early warning of potential bird flu outbreaks, experts say.

Virtual reality study finds our perception of our body and environment affects how we feel Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:48 PM PDT Whether we feel scared or pleased in an environment and how we explore it is down to our combined perception of space and of our bodies, according to new research conducted in a virtual reality environment. The study suggests that the brain uses the interplay of these factors to control our emotional experience and exploration of an environment.

Future of Antarctic marine protected areas at risk Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:32 PM PDT Antarctica's surrounding waters are home to some of the healthiest marine ecosystems on Earth and support thriving populations of krill, seabirds, fish and whales. But efforts to establish a network of effective Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean are being hobbled by political infighting and demands that prioritize fishing interests over conservation by members of the international consortium tasked with conserving the region, scientists say.

New candidate vaccines against the plague Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:31 PM PDT New potential vaccines have been developed that protect animals against the bacteria that causes the deadly plague. The plague of Black Death infamy has had the power to strike fear in people since the Middle Ages -- and for good reason. Once someone begins to show symptoms, the disease progresses very quickly and is almost 100 percent fatal without prompt treatment. The World Health Organization has categorized the bacteria responsible for plague, Yersinia pestis, as a re-emerging pathogen because of the rising number of human plague cases globally.

Common prostate cancer treatment linked to later dementia, researcher says Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:30 PM PDT Men with prostate cancer who are treated with testosterone-lowering drugs are twice as likely to develop dementia within five years as prostate cancer patients whose testosterone levels are not tampered with, research shows.

In a first, brain computer interface helps paralyzed man feel again Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:13 PM PDT Imagine being in an accident that leaves you unable to feel any sensation in your arms and fingers. Now imagine regaining that sensation, a decade later, through a mind-controlled robotic arm that is directly connected to your brain.

Untangling a cause of memory loss in neurodegenerative diseases Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:03 PM PDT Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease that are characterized by the deposition of aggregates of the tau protein inside brain cells. A new study reveals that the cutting of tau by an enzyme called caspase-2 may play a critical role in the disordered brain circuit function that occurs in these diseases. Of interest, the culprit tau fragment identified in this study is actually resistant to forming aggregates, and it causes a disturbance in memory function in animal models before brain cell loss occurs.

T-rays will 'speed up' computer memory by a factor of 1000 Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:02 PM PDT Scientists have found a way to significantly improve computer performance. They propose the use of the so-called T-waves, or terahertz radiation as a means of resetting computer memory cells. This process is several thousand times faster than magnetic-field-induced switching.

Why some hummingbirds choose to balloon up before flying south Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:01 PM PDT Adult ruby-throated hummingbirds choose to pack on significant weight in the four days before their long migratory flights south for the winter, new research has found.

Ornamental plants for conserving bees, beneficial insects Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:01 PM PDT Insects play a vital role in ecosystem health, helping to aerate soil, keeping the natural system in balance, and preventing detrimental pests from taking over essential natural resources. Additionally, insects provide critical biological services such as pollination and biological controls. The authors of a study say that flowering ornamental plants have the potential to support beneficial insect communities, such as pollinating bees, wasps, and predatory plant bugs.

No GPS, no problem: Next-generation navigation Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:00 PM PDT A highly reliable and accurate navigation system has been developed that exploits existing environmental signals such as cellular and Wi-Fi, rather than the Global Positioning System (GPS). The technology can be used as a standalone alternative to GPS, or complement current GPS-based systems to enable highly reliable, consistent, and tamper-proof navigation. The technology could be used to develop navigation systems that meet the stringent requirements of fully autonomous vehicles, such as driverless cars and unmanned drones.

Biologists use genomics to identify evolving new bird species in southern Idaho Posted: 13 Oct 2016 12:00 PM PDT The South Hills crossbill, potentially a newly discovered species of finch, has evolved over the past 6,000 years with a unique dependence on its food source, the Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine, in a coevolutionary arms race that also changed the tree, according to a genomic study. The relatively quick coevolution occurred in two small Great Basin mountain ranges in southern Idaho, just across the border from Nevada.

Sleep-deprived preschoolers eat more Posted: 13 Oct 2016 11:59 AM PDT Sleep-deprived preschoolers consumed about 20 percent more calories than usual, 25 percent more sugar and 26 percent more carbohydrates, say researchers. The following day, the kids were allowed to sleep as much as they needed. On this "recovery day," they returned to normal baseline levels of sugar and carbohydrate consumption, but still consumed 14 percent more calories and 23 percent more fat than normal.

Researchers probing the beneficial secrets in dolphins' proteins Posted: 13 Oct 2016 11:56 AM PDT Why reinvent the wheel when nature has the answer? One researcher's natural inspiration is coming from dolphins who seem to have protective proteins that may contain clues to treatments for aging-associated diseases in humans. A recent study has found that dolphin serum contains very high levels of an antioxidant protein.

Teens light up cigarettes to slim down Posted: 13 Oct 2016 11:55 AM PDT Many doctors and public health experts assume that people smoke cigarettes simply because they're addicted to the nicotine. But a group of researchers has found that overweight and obese teens light up for a different reason: to lose weight.

Researchers study diagnostic error in asthma, COPD Posted: 13 Oct 2016 11:12 AM PDT A $1.5 million grant has been awarded to a research team to study the impact of diagnostic error on outcomes for pulmonary patients and the use of lung-function testing in primary care. Studies suggest 30 to 50 percent of patients may have an incorrect diagnosis.

Saving lives by making pneumonia vaccine affordable Posted: 13 Oct 2016 08:59 AM PDT New groundbreaking research is on the threshold of aiding researchers in producing vaccines at prices that will propel their widespread use and help protect the estimated 1.6 million children, most of them under the age of 5, who die yearly from S. pneumoniae infections.

15 percent of sixth-grade students commit cyber abuse Posted: 13 Oct 2016 08:15 AM PDT Fifteen percent of sixth-grade students reported they had perpetrated at least one form of abuse toward a dating partner through technology, according to a new study.

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