ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Pushing the boundaries of magnet design
• Folinic acid could help children with autism communicate better
• Full-circle viewing: 360-degree electronic holographic display
• Scientists model outer membrane of 12 bacterial species to speed new drugs for 'bad bugs'
• Impact of the Fukushima accident on marine life, five years later
• Hard of hearing? It's not your ears, it's your brain
• Portable smartphone laboratory detects cancer at once
• Study examines work status, productivity after bariatric surgery
• Mystery species hidden in cave art appears to be unknown bison-cattle hybrid
• Minimally invasive alternative to corneal transplantation may improve outcomes in people with a degenerative eye disease
• Age of first chief's ancient tomb reveals Pacific Islanders invented new kind of society
• Typing while Skyping could compromise privacy
• Migraine sufferers have more nitrate-reducing microbes in their mouths
• Microbial life on Mars: The possibility must be considered
• When it comes to polymer fragility, size does matter
• Exposure to chemicals dangerous to hormone function burdens Americans with hundreds of billions in disease costs
• Disguised as a tuna, bioswimmer is changing the game for underwater inspections
• Study finds mixed results for use of mesh for hernia repair
• Some is good, more is better: Regular exercise can cut your diabetes risk
• Gene links risk of psychiatric disease to reduced synapse numbers
• Race influences teachers' referrals to special and gifted education, finds study
• Scientists developing MRI-guided neural stem cell delivery method
• New receptors discovered for stomach germ Helicobacter pylori
• Graphene cracks the glass corrosion problem
• Depression's physical source discovered
• Why prostate cancer cells develop resistance to treatment
• New evidence that hormone levels measured in hair can affect IVF success by almost one-third
• Why is skin thick on the soles of the feet?
• Study reveals high levels of vitamin D inadequacy in UK adolescents
• Children involved in cyber-bullying much more likely to view web content containing self-harm and suicide, according to a new study
• Virtual experience gets the elderly to exercise
• Peptides vs. superbugs
• NASA's MAVEN mission gives unprecedented ultraviolet view of Mars
• Team recovers 'most complete Michigan mastodon skeleton in many decades' from thumb site
• Researchers identify new imaging findings, treatment for patients with Parsonage-Turner Syndrome
• Eureka! Gender affects how we judge competence, genius
• Insight into sleep's role in schizophrenia offers potential treatment path
• Astronomers predict possible birthplace of Rosetta-probed comet 67P
• Does weed help you sleep? Probably not
• Local fidelity key to ocean-wide recovery of humpback whales
• Biocompatible fibers to use light to stimulate cells or sense signs of disease
• How animals sense the rate of temperature change
• Fracking wastewater is mostly brines, not human-made fracking fluids
• Scientists develop a semiconductor nanocomposite material that moves in response to light
• 'Robomussels' used to monitor climate change
• The healing potential of crab shells
• Evaluating forecasting models for predicting rainfall from tropical cyclones
• Here's how young people decide when they're drunk 'enough,' according to math
• Patients unsuitable for LASIK could benefit from vision correction surgery using intraocular lenses
• Wearable artificial vision device shows promise in helping people who are legally blind 'read'
• Team finds order in a process previously assumed to be random

Pushing the boundaries of magnet design Posted: 18 Oct 2016 11:28 AM PDT For physicists, loss of magnetization in permanent magnets can be a real concern. In response, scientists created the strongest available magnet -- one offering ten times more magnetic energy than previous versions -- in 1983. These magnets are a combination of materials including rare-earth metal and so-called transition metals, and are accordingly referred to as RE-TM-B magnets.

Folinic acid could help children with autism communicate better Posted: 18 Oct 2016 11:16 AM PDT Prescription doses of folinic acid, which is a reduced form of a B vitamin known as folate, could help improve the language and communication skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These are the preliminary findings from a placebo-controlled trial in which children were randomized to receive either high-dose folinic acid or a placebo.

Full-circle viewing: 360-degree electronic holographic display Posted: 18 Oct 2016 11:14 AM PDT A research team has described a novel tabletop display system that allows multiple viewers to simultaneously view a hologram showing a full 3-D image as they walk around the tabletop, giving complete 360-degree access.

Scientists model outer membrane of 12 bacterial species to speed new drugs for 'bad bugs' Posted: 18 Oct 2016 11:13 AM PDT Information could be the key to winning the race against antibiotic resistance. If we lose, a new analysis predicts a frightening future where drug resistant bacterial infections kill more people worldwide than cancer, warn experts.

Impact of the Fukushima accident on marine life, five years later Posted: 18 Oct 2016 11:13 AM PDT Five years ago, the largest single release of human-made radioactive discharge to the marine environment resulted from an accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Japan. Approximately 80 percent of the fallout happened over the Pacific Ocean. A new study explores the environmental consequences in the marine environment of the accident. It outlines the status of current research about the impact of the fallout on plant and animal life and what remains to be done as the radioactivity continues to spread.

Hard of hearing? It's not your ears, it's your brain Posted: 18 Oct 2016 11:11 AM PDT The reason you may have to say something twice when talking to older family members at Thanksgiving dinner may not be because of their hearing. Researchers have determined that something is going on in the brains of typical older adults that causes them to struggle to follow speech amidst background noise, even when their hearing would be considered normal on a clinical assessment.

Portable smartphone laboratory detects cancer at once Posted: 18 Oct 2016 11:05 AM PDT Researchers have developed a low-cost, portable laboratory on a smartphone that can analyze several samples at once to catch a cancer biomarker, producing lab quality results.

Study examines work status, productivity after bariatric surgery Posted: 18 Oct 2016 10:31 AM PDT A new study assessed working status and change in productivity in the first 3 years following bariatric surgery for severe obesity.

Mystery species hidden in cave art appears to be unknown bison-cattle hybrid Posted: 18 Oct 2016 10:31 AM PDT Ancient DNA research has revealed that Ice Age cave artists recorded a previously unknown hybrid species of bison and cattle in great detail on cave walls more than 15,000 years ago.

Minimally invasive alternative to corneal transplantation may improve outcomes in people with a degenerative eye disease Posted: 18 Oct 2016 10:26 AM PDT An innovative procedure may improve outcomes in people with a degenerative eye disease, suggest five-year results from a new study. Transplantation of one layer of the cornea may help people with keratoconus avoid or delay full corneal transplantation and other potentially risky procedures, according to the researchers. They say the technique may enable those with advanced keratoconus to tolerate extended contact lenses wear, which is traditionally a challenge for people with the condition.

Age of first chief's ancient tomb reveals Pacific Islanders invented new kind of society Posted: 18 Oct 2016 10:26 AM PDT New uranium series analysis of chief's tomb suggests island's monumental structures are earliest evidence of a chiefdom in the Pacific -- yielding new keys to how societies emerge and evolve.

Typing while Skyping could compromise privacy Posted: 18 Oct 2016 10:26 AM PDT If you type on your desktop or laptop computer's keyboard while participating in a Skype call, you could be vulnerable to electronic eavesdropping, according to researchers.

Migraine sufferers have more nitrate-reducing microbes in their mouths Posted: 18 Oct 2016 10:26 AM PDT The mouths of migraine sufferers harbor significantly more microbes with the ability to modify nitrates than people who do not get migraine headaches, new research has found.

Microbial life on Mars: The possibility must be considered Posted: 18 Oct 2016 10:24 AM PDT The existence of microbial life on Mars remains highly controversial, but recent evidence of water, complex organic molecules, and methane in the Martian environment, combined with findings from the 1976 Viking mission, have led to the conclusion that existing life on Mars is a possibility that must be considered.

When it comes to polymer fragility, size does matter Posted: 18 Oct 2016 08:25 AM PDT By combining a number of tools and techniques, a team of researchers was able to find a more complete picture of the glass transition phenomenon in polymers and to point out where the polymers differ from small molecular liquids.

Exposure to chemicals dangerous to hormone function burdens Americans with hundreds of billions in disease costs Posted: 18 Oct 2016 07:36 AM PDT Annual healthcare costs and lost earnings in the United States from low-level but daily exposure to hazardous chemicals commonly found in plastic bottles, metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides, exceeds $340 billion, according to a detailed economic analysis.

Disguised as a tuna, bioswimmer is changing the game for underwater inspections Posted: 18 Oct 2016 07:17 AM PDT BioSwimmer is a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle equipped to inspect a vessel's exterior for illicit cargo and contraband, as well as harbor facilities for unwanted activity.

Study finds mixed results for use of mesh for hernia repair Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:49 AM PDT Among patients undergoing incisional hernia repair, the use of mesh to reinforce the repair was associated with a lower risk of hernia recurrence over 5 years compared with when mesh was not used, although with long-term follow-up, the benefits attributable to mesh were offset in part by mesh-related complications, according to a study.

Some is good, more is better: Regular exercise can cut your diabetes risk Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:49 AM PDT Walking briskly or cycling for the recommended 150 minutes a week can reduce a person's risk of developing type 2 diabetes by up to 26%, according to new research.

Gene links risk of psychiatric disease to reduced synapse numbers Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:47 AM PDT Mutations in a gene linked with brain development may dispose people to multiple forms of psychiatric disease by changing the way brain cells communicate, new research has revealed.

Race influences teachers' referrals to special and gifted education, finds study Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:47 AM PDT Teacher referrals for special and gifted education testing are subjective and may be swayed by a student's race, finds research.

Scientists developing MRI-guided neural stem cell delivery method Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:47 AM PDT Scientists are aiming to develop a more effective method for delivering neural stem cells to the brain in an effort to move forward stem cell therapies to treat neurological disorders.

New receptors discovered for stomach germ Helicobacter pylori Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:42 AM PDT Helicobacter pylori is a spiral bacterium that can colonize the human stomach, sometimes with fatal consequences. A research group has discovered a completely new approach to preventing or treating infections with this bacterium as well as secondary complications.

Graphene cracks the glass corrosion problem Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:41 AM PDT Graphene coating protects glass from corrosion, a new study as demonstrated. This research can contribute to solving problems related to glass corrosion in several industries, say the study's authors.

Depression's physical source discovered Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:41 AM PDT Understanding of the physical root of depression has been advanced, thanks to new research. Researchers have identified the lateral orbitofrontal cortex as the area of the brain affected by depression. This discovery could open up possible new treatments, say the researchers.

Why prostate cancer cells develop resistance to treatment Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:41 AM PDT A standard hormone supplement, used to boost energy levels in prostate cancer patients following radiotherapy, could potentially increase the chances of the cancer returning, a new study has shown.

New evidence that hormone levels measured in hair can affect IVF success by almost one-third Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:41 AM PDT Levels of a hormone when measured in hair can significantly predict the likelihood of pregnancy in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, scientists have revealed.

Why is skin thick on the soles of the feet? Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:41 AM PDT A team of researchers has established a method for capturing live, three-dimensional, high-resolution images deep within the skin of living mice, casting light on the precise manner in which cells divide to maintain the thick outer layer of skin.

Study reveals high levels of vitamin D inadequacy in UK adolescents Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:38 AM PDT A new study finds high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in 14 to 18 year olds at a time of the year when vitamin D levels should be at their peak (post-summer). The research identifies the level of vitamin D intake needed by adolescents to avoid vitamin D deficiency and ensure adequacy. Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone growth during adolescent years, helping to achieve peak bone mass by late adolescence – believed to contribute to reducing age-related bone loss in later life. Results of study, led by the University of Surrey, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Children involved in cyber-bullying much more likely to view web content containing self-harm and suicide, according to a new study Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:38 AM PDT A new English study on the link between cyber-bullying and suicide has found that ten per cent of children are involved in cyber-bullying, as victims, perpetrators or both, and that they are much more likely to view web content containing self-harm and suicide. It calls for more web-based prevention and intervention strategies to tackle the issue.

Virtual experience gets the elderly to exercise Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:38 AM PDT Virtual Reality can get the elderly in nursing homes to be happier about exercising. A new research project shows that the technology motivates older people in nursing homes to get moving.

Peptides vs. superbugs Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:38 AM PDT Several peptides have an antibacterial effect - but they are broken down in the human body too quickly to exert this effect. Researchers have now succeeded in encasing peptides in a protective coat, which could prolong their life in the human body. This is an important breakthrough because peptides are considered to be a possible solution in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

NASA's MAVEN mission gives unprecedented ultraviolet view of Mars Posted: 18 Oct 2016 06:11 AM PDT New global images of Mars from the MAVEN mission show the ultraviolet glow from the Martian atmosphere in unprecedented detail, revealing dynamic, previously invisible behavior. They include the first images of "nightglow" that can be used to show how winds circulate at high altitudes.

Team recovers 'most complete Michigan mastodon skeleton in many decades' from thumb site Posted: 18 Oct 2016 05:19 AM PDT The most complete ice age mastodon skeleton found in Michigan since the 1940s was recovered this month from the state's Thumb region.

Researchers identify new imaging findings, treatment for patients with Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Posted: 18 Oct 2016 05:18 AM PDT Physicians have been studying patient outcomes of Parsonage-Turner Syndrome (PTS), a neurological disorder that results in a sudden paralysis of one or more muscles around the shoulder and arm.

Eureka! Gender affects how we judge competence, genius Posted: 18 Oct 2016 05:18 AM PDT Think of the word "genius," and a few images undoubtedly come to mind – perhaps a picture of Albert Einstein, of a scientist in a lab shouting "Eureka!" or of present-day theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking. Whatever mental picture is conjured up, chances are they all have one thing in common: The person is male. A new study that sought to determine whether perceptions of inventions and inventors are shaped by how they're described. Researchers looked at two metaphors that describe scientific discovery: a light bulb turning on, signifying a moment of brilliance, and a seed that is nurtured until it takes root.

Insight into sleep's role in schizophrenia offers potential treatment path Posted: 18 Oct 2016 05:18 AM PDT A sleep abnormality likely plays an important role in schizophrenia, according to sleep experts. In a review of the growing body of evidence linking a reduction in sleep spindle activity to schizophrenia, the researchers suggested that a better understanding of this sleep abnormality's genetic underpinnings opens the door to new treatments for the psychiatric disorder.

Astronomers predict possible birthplace of Rosetta-probed comet 67P Posted: 18 Oct 2016 05:16 AM PDT When the Rosetta spacecraft successfully touched down on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on September 30, 2016, the news was shared globally via Twitter in dozens of languages. Citizens the world over were engaged by the astronomical achievement, and now experts are eager to learn as much as possible about the critically important celestial body of ice.

Does weed help you sleep? Probably not Posted: 17 Oct 2016 12:50 PM PDT Marijuana users may believe that frequent use helps them sleep, but that perception has been challenged by a new study. It found that daily marijuana users actually scored higher on the Insomnia Severity Index and on sleep-disturbance measures than those who did not use it daily.

Local fidelity key to ocean-wide recovery of humpback whales Posted: 17 Oct 2016 12:13 PM PDT Humpback whales can migrate thousands of miles to reach feeding grounds each year, but a new study concludes that their fidelity to certain local habitats -- as passed on through the generations -- and the protection of these habitats are key to understanding the ultimate recovery of this endangered species.

Biocompatible fibers to use light to stimulate cells or sense signs of disease Posted: 17 Oct 2016 12:12 PM PDT A biocompatible and highly stretchable optical fiber has now been created from hydrogel -- an elastic, rubbery material composed mostly of water. The fiber, which is as bendable as a rope of licorice, may one day be implanted in the body to deliver therapeutic pulses of light or light up at the first sign of disease.

How animals sense the rate of temperature change Posted: 17 Oct 2016 12:09 PM PDT A biologist has uncovered the molecular mechanism that regulates an animal's ability to sense the rate of temperature change.

Fracking wastewater is mostly brines, not human-made fracking fluids Posted: 17 Oct 2016 12:08 PM PDT Human-made chemical-laden fracking fluids make up less than 8 percent of wastewater being produced by fracked wells; more than 92% of it is naturally occurring brines, which carry their own risks but may have beneficial re-uses, say investigators.

Scientists develop a semiconductor nanocomposite material that moves in response to light Posted: 17 Oct 2016 12:07 PM PDT A revolutionary, light-activated semiconductor nanocomposite material has been created that can be used in a variety of applications, including microscopic actuators and grippers for surgical robots, light-powered micro-mirrors for optical telecommunications systems, and more efficient solar cells and photodetectors.

'Robomussels' used to monitor climate change Posted: 17 Oct 2016 12:04 PM PDT Tiny robots have been helping researchers study how cli­mate change affects bio­di­ver­sity. These "robo­mus­sels" have the shape, size, and color of actual mus­sels, with minia­ture built-??in sen­sors that track tem­per­a­tures inside the mussel beds.

The healing potential of crab shells Posted: 17 Oct 2016 11:30 AM PDT Combining a sugar derived from crab and shrimp shells with nanomaterials could lead to applications that enhance bone regeneration and wound healing, suggests researchers.

Evaluating forecasting models for predicting rainfall from tropical cyclones Posted: 17 Oct 2016 11:06 AM PDT To help improve hurricane preparedness and mitigation efforts, new research examines how accurate current forecasting systems are in predicting rainfall from North Atlantic tropical cyclones that make landfall in the United States.

Here's how young people decide when they're drunk 'enough,' according to math Posted: 17 Oct 2016 11:05 AM PDT Young people decide whether they've had enough to drink the same way the cruise control on a car "decides" whether to accelerate or hit the brakes, explains a unique research project that aims to analyze drinking behavior the way engineers might analyze a mechanical system.

Patients unsuitable for LASIK could benefit from vision correction surgery using intraocular lenses Posted: 17 Oct 2016 11:05 AM PDT People who are unsuitable for LASIK because of moderate or extreme nearsightedness or severe astigmatism may benefit from a surgical procedure using intraocular lenses. Phakic intraocular collamer lenses, also called Phakic IOLs or ICLs, have been found safe and effective after five years, according to new research.

Wearable artificial vision device shows promise in helping people who are legally blind 'read' Posted: 17 Oct 2016 11:05 AM PDT A unique wearable artificial vision device may help people who are legally blind "read" and recognize faces. It may also help these individuals accomplish everyday tasks with significantly greater ease than using traditional assistive reading devices, suggests a new study.

Team finds order in a process previously assumed to be random Posted: 17 Oct 2016 10:00 AM PDT Scientific discoveries often arise from noticing the unexpected. Such was the case when researchers, studying a tiny device that has become increasingly important in disease diagnostics and drug discovery, observed the surprising way it funneled thousands of water droplets into an orderly single file, squeezing them drop by drop, out the tip of the device. Instead of occurring randomly, the droplets followed a predictable pattern. These observations led the researchers to deduce mathematical rules and understand why such rules exist.

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