الخميس، 17 نوفمبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

E-cigarettes may harm teens' lung health

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 04:07 PM PST

E-cigarette use among teenagers is growing dramatically, and public health experts are concerned that these devices may be a gateway to smoking. Now, new research indicates that even if these young e-cigarette users do not become tobacco smokers, e-cigarettes may harm their health.

Severe dizziness treated with steroid injections into the eardrum

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 04:05 PM PST

Injections of steroid into the ear are an effective treatment for a common form of severe dizziness, suggests a new study.

Next-generation biomaterial being developed to treat bleeding

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 12:53 PM PST

A new biomaterial is under development that has potential to protect patients at high risk for bleeding in surgery, report researchers.

Tooth wear patterns suggest Paranthropus early hominins had softer diets than expected

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 11:47 AM PST

Analysis of wear patterns on fossil teeth from East African hominins suggests the diets of Paranthropus aethiopicus and Paranthropus boisei were softer than had been thought, according to a study.

Ultra-long acting pill releases daily doses of medicine for a month

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 11:46 AM PST

Imagine swallowing a pill today that continues releasing the daily dose of a medicine you need for the next week, month or even longer. Investigators have developed a long-acting drug delivery capsule that may help to do just that in the future. To test the capsule's real-world applications, the team used both mathematical modeling and animal models to investigate the effects of delivering a sustained therapeutic dose of a drug called ivermectin, which is used to treat parasitic infections.

New gene-editing technology partially restores vision in blind animals

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 11:41 AM PST

Researchers have discovered a holy grail of gene editing -- the ability to, for the first time, insert DNA at a target location into the non-dividing cells that make up the majority of adult organs and tissues. The technique, which the team showed was able to partially restore visual responses in blind rodents, will open new avenues for basic research and a variety of treatments, such as for retinal, heart and neurological diseases.

Tiny electronic device can monitor heart, recognize speech

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 11:40 AM PST

Researchers have developed a tiny, soft and wearable acoustic sensor that measures vibrations in the human body, allowing them to monitor human heart health and recognize spoken words.

Taking miniature organs from lab to clinic

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 11:38 AM PST

Scientists have developed a gel for growing miniaturized body organs that can be used in clinical diagnostics and drug development. Organoids are miniature organs that can be grown in the lab from a person's stem cells. They can be used to model diseases, and in the future could be used to test drugs or even replace damaged tissue in patients.

Some hog workers developing drug-resistant skin infections linked to livestock-associated staph

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 11:17 AM PST

Some workers at industrial hog production facilities are not only carrying livestock-associated, antibiotic-resistant bacteria in their noses, but may also be developing skin infections from these bacteria, new research suggests.

Elderly discovered with superior memory and Alzheimer’s pathology

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 10:28 AM PST

New research on the brains of individuals 90 years and older who had superior memories until their deaths revealed widespread and dense Alzheimer's plaques and tangles in some cases, considered full-blown Alzheimer's pathology.

A milestone in small RNA biology

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 10:28 AM PST

Organisms are in a constant battle against viruses that invade their genomes. Among their most effective weapons are silencing pathways that use small RNAs to selectively target invading nucleic acids for their destruction. Scientists have now unravelled the precise mechanisms by which germline cells produce a class of small RNAs, called piRNAs, that control transposon silencing in animals.

Researchers show how circadian 'clock' may influence cancer pathway

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 10:19 AM PST

A new study describes an unexpected role for proteins involved with our daily "circadian" clocks in influencing cancer growth.

Newer generation LVAD is associated with better outcomes for heart failure patients at 6 months, study shows

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 10:19 AM PST

A newer generation left ventricular assist device (LVAD) provides better outcomes for patients with advanced heart failure at six months compared to its predecessor, according to a new study.

Looking for a city's DNA? Try its ATMs

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 10:19 AM PST

Automated teller machine keypads in New York City hold microbes from human skin, household surfaces, or traces of food, a study has found. The work shows that ATMs can provide a repository to offer a picture of a city's DNA.

Highest-resolution model to date of brain receptor behind marijuana's high

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 10:19 AM PST

Researchers report the most detailed 3-D structure to date of the brain receptor that binds and responds to the chemical at the root of marijuana's high.

Improving cryopreservation for a longer-lasting blood supply

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 09:01 AM PST

Freezing and reanimating your body is still science fiction, but cryopreserving cells and certain tissues for future use is a reality. Still, the process could use some improvements to make it more useful in emergencies. In a recent study, scientists take a close look at a new class of small molecules with the potential to make the process more practical and give the cells and tissues a longer shelf life.

Teen stalking victims: Analysis of consequences reveals disturbing trends

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 08:58 AM PST

14% of teenage girls and 13% of boys report being a victim of stalking, and these teens are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, according to a new study.

Atlas of the developing mouse heart created

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 07:35 AM PST

Exactly how heart cells follow their genetic programming to create an intricate, life-sustaining pump remains something of a mystery. A new study, however, is beginning to shed some light on this issue.

Women at greater risk for Zika infection due to suppressed vaginal immune response

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 07:33 AM PST

Women at greater risk for Zika infection due to suppressed vaginal immune response, report researchers. They add that the extra time that is needed to fight sexually transmitted virus means a greater chance of fetal exposure.

Indonesian fires exposed 69 million to 'killer haze'

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 07:32 AM PST

Wildfires in Indonesia and Borneo exposed 69 million people to unhealthy air pollution, new research has shown.

Marijuana could help treat drug addiction, mental health, study suggests

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 07:28 AM PST

Using marijuana could help some alcoholics and people addicted to opioids kick their habits, a new study suggests. The research also found some evidence that medical cannabis may help with symptoms of depression, PTSD and social anxiety. However, the review concluded that cannabis use might not be recommended for conditions such as bipolar disorder and psychosis.

High blood pressure affects 1.13 billion people around the world

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 07:00 AM PST

The number of people in the world with high blood pressure has reached 1.13 billion, according to new research. The largest ever study of its kind, the research involved the World Health Organization and hundreds of scientists throughout the world, and incorporated blood pressure measurements from nearly 20 million people.

Glowing tumors help surgeons cut out brain cancer with precision

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:49 AM PST

An experimental cancer imaging tool that makes tumors glow brightly during surgery has shown promise again in a new clinical study, this time in patients with brain cancer. The fluorescent dye technique, originally developed by surgeons to treat lung cancer, illuminated brain tumors in real-time during surgery, helping physicians distinguish between healthy and cancerous tissue

More human-like model of Alzheimer's better mirrors tangles in the brain

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:49 AM PST

A new animal model using tau tangles isolated from the brains of Alzheimer's patients rather than synthetic tau tangles paints a closer picture of the tau pathology in the AD brain, outlines a new report.

What makes a patient more likely to end up back in the hospital? Study finds surprising role for social factors

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:49 AM PST

When it comes to predicting which patients will end up back in the hospital -- costing their hospital a readmission penalty -- the answer is not as one-size-fits-all as hospital gowns, a new study shows. Social and disability factors matter, and differ by condition.

Where cells go: Mechanical and chemical cues collaborate to guide them

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:49 AM PST

Living cells respond to biochemical signals by moving toward those at higher concentration, a process carefully mapped out by biologists over the past several decades. But cells also move in response to mechanical forces, such as bumping up against other objects -- although the details of that action have been poorly understood.

UK burden of fungal asthma greatly exceeds prior estimates new study warns

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:47 AM PST

Experts are warning of a significant increase in the number of people in the UK who are living with invasive and serious fungal diseases that affect the lungs, bloodstream and brain and can sometimes lead to death.

Visualization of the behavior of sugar transport proteins

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:45 AM PST

A group of researchers has clarified the role of a N-glycan chain on glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) by developing a method for visualizing intracellular trafficking of proteins.

Sleep disorders: 3D video monitoring with intelligent software as new analysis option

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:45 AM PST

The usual method of recording periodic leg movements in sleep for people with sleep disorders is to use electromyography (EMG), an electrophysiological method used in neurological diagnosis that measures muscle activity. However, the cables that this method requires can interfere with the patient's sleep and electrodes can become detached, thereby compromising the quality of the data. In a new study, scientists have now demonstrated that superior data can be obtained using supplementary 3D scene analysis of movements, which is now being used for the first time.

Manufacturing time of breath sensors drastically reduced

Posted: 16 Nov 2016 06:45 AM PST

A group of researchers has succeeded in producing nanostructured gas sensor devices for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOC) in breath for the purpose of healthcare in time equivalent to or shorter than one tenth of the time required for manufacturing conventional gas sensors. This group improved conventional complicated production methods, developing a simple production method of just sintering substrates applied with materials. This gas sensor's sensing response was comparable to the top-of-the-line sensors reported all over the world.

Wide variability in generic heart failure drugs can make them unaffordable to uninsured patients

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 06:04 PM PST

Prices for commonly used generic heart failure drugs varies widely, outlines a new report. An estimated 7.3 million Americans with cardiovascular disease are underinsured or uninsured.

Immunology treatments providing hope for late-stage melanoma patients

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 06:03 PM PST

Therapies designed to help the body's immune system attack cancer cells are proving to be effective for some patients with advanced cases of the disease, report scientists.

Crowdsourcing a better prostate cancer prediction tool

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 06:02 PM PST

A prediction model created by "research parasites" offers a more accurate prognosis for a patient's metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, say researchers.

Popular heartburn medication may increase ischemic stroke risk

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 01:39 PM PST

A popular group of antacids known as proton pump inhibitors, or PPIs, used to reduce stomach acid and treat heartburn may increase the risk of ischemic stroke, according to preliminary research.

Invention could help diabetics with safer, surer insulin injections

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 12:54 PM PST

The design is confidential, but essentially the device substitutes for the second hand, producing a bulge that holds the insulin needle stable in the subcutaneous fat.

Engineer develops model to predict behavior of cell clusters

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 12:53 PM PST

An engineer has discovered a model in which the mechanics of the cells' environment can predict their movement, a finding that ultimately could mean confining cell transition in tumors and potentially making cancer "a substantially less deadly disease,"  said the lead researcher.

New bioinformatic analysis reveals role of proteins in diabetic kidney disease

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 12:53 PM PST

A new bioinformatic framework has identified key proteins significantly altered at the gene-expression level in biopsied tissue from patients with diabetic kidney disease, a result that may reveal new therapeutic targets.

New leds may offer better way to clean water in remote areas

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 12:53 PM PST

For the first time, researchers have created light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on lightweight flexible metal foil. Engineers are developing the foil based LEDs for portable ultraviolet (UV) lights that soldiers and others can use to purify drinking water and sterilize medical equipment.

Yo-yo dieting dangerous even if you're not overweight

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 12:08 PM PST

Repeatedly losing and regaining weight, known as weight cycling or yo-yo dieting, may increase the risk of death from heart disease among postmenopausal women who were of normal weight at the start of the study.

Preventing adolescent substance use may need to start in early childhood

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 11:09 AM PST

The approach to preventing alcohol and drug use by some adolescents should begin in early childhood, new research suggests.

Drinking red wine before smoking can prevent short term vascular damage

Posted: 15 Nov 2016 09:19 AM PST

Drinking red wine is widely regarded as protective against cardiovascular disease. A new report has found that a glass or two of red wine before lighting up a cigarette can counteract some of the short-term negative effects of smoking on blood vessels.
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