ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Crunching the numbers: Researchers use math in search for diabetes cure
• Platypus venom could hold key to diabetes treatment
• Evidence of brain injury found in young NFL players
• Myocarditis caused by infection on rise globally
• Number of symptoms may indicate how likely patients recover from post-concussion syndrome
• Amphetamine may slow rise of body temperature, mask fatigue to enhance endurance, study finds
• Patients should stop using e-cigarettes before plastic surgery, experts conclude
• Gut microbes contribute to recurrent 'yo-yo' obesity
• Cancer risks in blacks: 'a complex, entangled web'
• Komodo dragons help researchers understand microbial health in captive animals
• Acetaminophen, supplements and other medications may trigger drug-induced liver injury
• The good, the bad and the spliceosome
• New insight into why leukemia drug is successful
• Bad timing is depressing: Disrupting the brain's internal clock causes depressive-like behavior in mice
• Use of prescription pain medicines is significantly different between people with and without Alzheimer's disease
• Enhanced CRISPR lets scientists explore all steps of health and disease in every cell type
• Sometimes just watching hurts, and the signs of pain are seen in the brain
• Stem cells police themselves to reduce scarring
• Cause of visual impairment in astronauts identified
• Kratom may have medical benefit as opioid alternative
• No association between mother flu in pregnancy, increased child autism risk
• Small RNA identified that offers clues for quieting the 'voices' of schizophrenia
• Secret phenotypes: Disease devils in invisible details

Crunching the numbers: Researchers use math in search for diabetes cure Posted: 29 Nov 2016 11:34 AM PST New research by a mathematics professor has successfully reactivated oscillations in insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells — one of the first necessary steps to resurrecting the dormant cells and restoring the production of insulin.

Platypus venom could hold key to diabetes treatment Posted: 29 Nov 2016 08:44 AM PST Australian researchers have discovered remarkable evolutionary changes to insulin regulation in two of the nation's most iconic native animal species -- the platypus and the echidna -- which could pave the way for new treatments for type 2 diabetes in humans. The findings reveal that the same hormone produced in the gut of the platypus to regulate blood glucose is also surprisingly produced in their venom.

Evidence of brain injury found in young NFL players Posted: 29 Nov 2016 08:43 AM PST In a small study of young or recently retired NFL players, researchers report finding evidence of brain injury and repair that is visible on imaging from the players compared to a control group of men without a history of concussion.

Myocarditis caused by infection on rise globally Posted: 29 Nov 2016 08:43 AM PST Myocarditis, an assortment of heart disorders often caused by infection and inflammation, is known to be difficult to diagnose and treat. But the picture of who is affected is becoming a little clearer. Men may be as much as twice as likely as women to develop severe and possibly fatal reactions. And the risk of sudden cardiovascular death in the young is relatively high.

Number of symptoms may indicate how likely patients recover from post-concussion syndrome Posted: 29 Nov 2016 08:43 AM PST Researchers have identified symptom trends that may not only help predict how soon patients suffering from post-concussion syndrome (PCS) will recover, but also provide insight on how to treat those who experience persistent concussion symptoms.

Amphetamine may slow rise of body temperature, mask fatigue to enhance endurance, study finds Posted: 29 Nov 2016 08:42 AM PST Amphetamine may slow down the rise of temperature in the body and mask fatigue, which could allow athletes to run significantly longer but result in potentially dangerous overheating of muscles, according to a study.

Patients should stop using e-cigarettes before plastic surgery, experts conclude Posted: 29 Nov 2016 08:41 AM PST Cigarette smokers are at increased risk of complications after plastic surgery. Could e-cigarette users face a similar risk? Evidence and recommendations related to e-cigarette use by plastic surgery patients are discussed in a new paper.

Gut microbes contribute to recurrent 'yo-yo' obesity Posted: 29 Nov 2016 06:11 AM PST Researchers have shown in mice that intestinal microbes -- collectively termed the gut microbiome -- play an unexpectedly important role in exacerbated post-dieting weight gain, and that this common phenomenon may in the future be prevented or treated by altering the composition or function of the microbiome.

Cancer risks in blacks: 'a complex, entangled web' Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:50 AM PST A breakthrough study shows major differences between the types of cancer and mortality rates of U.S.-born blacks versus those who emigrate from the Caribbean.

Komodo dragons help researchers understand microbial health in captive animals Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:50 AM PST A new study is the first to identify similarities in the way in which Komodo dragons and humans and their pets share microbes within closed environments.

Acetaminophen, supplements and other medications may trigger drug-induced liver injury Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:50 AM PST More than 1,000 medications, with acetaminophen being the most common, have been associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). A new article discusses the clinical impact of DILI and reviews the medications that most frequently cause it.

The good, the bad and the spliceosome Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:48 AM PST The Fas protein can either inhibit or promote the controlled cell death (apoptosis), depending on the isoform in which it occurs. Together with international colleagues, researchers have elucidated how this decision is guided. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of tumor diseases.

New insight into why leukemia drug is successful Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:43 AM PST At the moment, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is incurable. But in recent years, new drugs called B-cell receptor (BCR) inhibitors, have revolutionized treatment. Research now sheds light on why and how a new class of drug is effective at fighting off leukemia.

Bad timing is depressing: Disrupting the brain's internal clock causes depressive-like behavior in mice Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:43 AM PST Disruptions of daily rhythms of the body's master internal clock cause depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice, reports a new study. The findings provide insight into the role of the brain's internal time keeping system in the development of mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, which have been associated with disturbed daily (circadian) rhythms.

Use of prescription pain medicines is significantly different between people with and without Alzheimer's disease Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:42 AM PST Approximately one third of people with Alzheimer's disease use prescription medicines for pain after their diagnosis, reports a recent study. The use of analgesics was as common among persons with Alzheimer's disease as it was among those of the same age without the disease, but there were significant differences in the types of medicines used.

Enhanced CRISPR lets scientists explore all steps of health and disease in every cell type Posted: 29 Nov 2016 05:42 AM PST Researchers have created sOPTiKO, a more efficient and controllable CRISPR genome editing platform. In a new article, they describe how the freely available single-step system works in every cell in the body and at every stage of development. This new approach will aid researchers in developmental biology, tissue regeneration and cancer.

Sometimes just watching hurts, and the signs of pain are seen in the brain Posted: 28 Nov 2016 02:15 PM PST Some people claim to experience pain just watching something painful to happen. This is true especially of people suffering from complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a disabling chronic pain disorder in a limb. In CPRS patients, both own movements and just observing other persons' movements may aggravate the pain.

Stem cells police themselves to reduce scarring Posted: 28 Nov 2016 12:28 PM PST Stem cells produce a decoy protein to attenuate growth signals. Artificially regulating this pathway might help keep muscles supple in muscular dystrophy or during normal aging, researchers hope.

Cause of visual impairment in astronauts identified Posted: 28 Nov 2016 10:28 AM PST A visual problem affecting astronauts who serve on lengthy missions in space is related to volume changes in the clear fluid that is found around the brain and spinal cord, according to new research.

Kratom may have medical benefit as opioid alternative Posted: 28 Nov 2016 10:21 AM PST A delayed U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration ban on kratom would stifle scientific understanding of the herb's active chemical components and documented pharmacologic properties if implemented, according to a new report.

No association between mother flu in pregnancy, increased child autism risk Posted: 28 Nov 2016 10:17 AM PST A study of more than 196,000 children found no association between a mother having an influenza infection anytime during pregnancy and an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children.

Small RNA identified that offers clues for quieting the 'voices' of schizophrenia Posted: 28 Nov 2016 10:16 AM PST Scientists have identified a small RNA (microRNA) that may be essential to restoring normal function in a brain circuit associated with the "voices" and other hallucinations of schizophrenia. The microRNA provides a possible focus for antipsychotic drug development.

Secret phenotypes: Disease devils in invisible details Posted: 28 Nov 2016 09:51 AM PST The human eye often falls short in the hunt for faint genetic drivers that raise the risk of devastating neurological diseases such as autism and schizophrenia. But little eludes a microscope optic attached to a computer, and algorythms that can relate previously hidden phenotypes to subtle genetic mutations. New computational screening has the potential to reveal webs of genetic dangers that produce disease risk by compounding tiny traits that, when take alone, may appear trivial and harmless.

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