ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Scientists develop tissue-engineered model of human lung and trachea
• Surgery for back pain reduces problems with sex life-related pain
• Safest locations for wastewater injection
• Fun, comfort with exercise helps young people with conditions like autism and ADHD remain active
• Physical, mental states for focusing attention, exercising self-control
• Plants modulate accumulation of metabolites at organ level
• Skipping breakfast and not enough sleep can make children overweight
• Decision-making: Primitive reward-driven behaviors may bias the information people choose to sample
• Victims of childhood bullying more likely to be overweight as young adults
• Even physicists are 'afraid' of mathematics
• Traumatic stress changes brains of boys, girls differently
• Immune cells may facilitate tumor growth by forming primitive vascular channels
• Protozoan parasite increases risk of colitis, study reveals
• Brain development: How a 'molecular compass' regulates proper cell division
• Skin bacteria could protect against disease
• Genomic tools to combat the spread of the invasive Asian longhorned beetle
• New findings about the deformed wing virus, a major factor in honey bee colony mortality
• City dwellers in Middle Ages no worse off than village dwellers
• New findings show promise for treatment of Graves' disease and other ocular disorders
• How lightning strikes can improve storm forecasts
• Teens with asthma almost twice as likely to smoke as their healthy counterparts
• Odds of having asthma 53 percent higher in food deserts
• Using pectin to advance neuron-like electronic systems
• Meteorites reveal lasting drought on Mars
• Link between constipation, kidney disease uncovered
• Breakthrough in the quantum transfer of information between matter and light
• Sponge on a string test could replace endoscopies
• Global progress on reducing child deaths largely due to fewer cases of pneumonia, diarrhea, death during birth, malaria and measles
• Novel analysis technique helps solve Beagle 2 mystery
• Solar physicist finds new way to study the inner workings of the sun
• Scientists create heart cells better, faster, stronger
• Probiotics improve cognition in Alzheimer's patients
• New eye pressure test could prevent vision loss in older adults
• Ancient, methane-derived carbon discovered in stoneflies
• 'Exceptional' nanosensor architecture based on exceptional points
• Repeatedly thinking about work-family conflict linked to health problems
• $384,961.42 for a house? When precise bids work and when they backfire
• Will unanticipated genetic mutations lead to subsequent disease?
• Predators can drive increase in virus populations
• Increased smartphone screen-time associated with lower sleep quality
• Narwhal echolocation beams may be the most directional of any species
• Rising carbon dioxide threatens coral and people who use reefs
• Remote sensing data reveals hundreds more species at risk of extinction
• DNA sequencing determines lymphoma origin, prognosis
• Particle clusters named a culprit in premature birth
• A warm climate is more sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide
• Insect vector feeding recognized by machine learning
• Neanderthal inheritance helped humans adapt to life outside of Africa
• Dinosaurs' rise was 'more gradual,' new fossil evidence suggests
• Stable quantum bits can be made from complex molecules
• Self-healing materials for semi-dry conditions
• Catching a tumor in a spider's web
• Multi-drug resistant infection spreading globally among cystic fibrosis patients
• Why are we ticklish? Rats are surprisingly ticklish when their mood is right
• World's smallest magnifying glass makes it possible to see chemical bonds between atoms
• Precaution, governance of emerging technologies
• When fish come to school, kids get hooked on science
• Arthritis drug boosts effectiveness of antidepressant medication

Scientists develop tissue-engineered model of human lung and trachea Posted: 11 Nov 2016 11:08 AM PST Scientists have developed a tissue-engineered model of lung and trachea which contains the diverse cell types present in the human respiratory tract.

Surgery for back pain reduces problems with sex life-related pain Posted: 11 Nov 2016 11:08 AM PST For patients with degenerative spinal disease, surgery is more effective in reducing pain that interferes with sexual activity, compared to nonsurgical treatment.

Safest locations for wastewater injection Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:33 AM PST New maps of the geologic forces contributing to earthquakes in Texas and Oklahoma could help reduce the likelihood of humanmade temblors associated with wastewater injection, say investigators.

Fun, comfort with exercise helps young people with conditions like autism and ADHD remain active Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:32 AM PST The best way to help young people with neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder get more exercise is to make it fun, according to a small international sampling of adults living with them.

Physical, mental states for focusing attention, exercising self-control Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:30 AM PST Researchers are studying the ideal physical and mental states to help children and adults pay attention and practice self-control, by combining computer-game testing with a simultaneous ongoing analysis of heart-rate and skin activity.

Plants modulate accumulation of metabolites at organ level Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:29 AM PST Scientists have developed a computational metabolomic approach to measure metabolic diversity in different plant tissues, a new report outlines.

Skipping breakfast and not enough sleep can make children overweight Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:29 AM PST Mothers smoking in pregnancy, children skipping breakfast and not having a regular bedtime or sufficient sleep all appear to be important factors in predicting whether a child will become overweight or obese, report investigators.

Decision-making: Primitive reward-driven behaviors may bias the information people choose to sample Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:23 AM PST The way people make decisions often seems irrational. One explanation for this behavior is that they seek evidence that confirms what they already believe, a phenomenon called 'confirmation bias'. But new research suggests that confirmation bias may not be the only factor that influences how people sample information. The tendency to choose items associated with rewards -- known as 'Pavlovian approach' -- can also bias the information people choose to sample, according to new research.

Victims of childhood bullying more likely to be overweight as young adults Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:22 AM PST Children who are bullied in primary and secondary school are nearly twice as likely to be overweight at the age of 18 than non-bullied children, according to a new study.

Even physicists are 'afraid' of mathematics Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:21 AM PST Physicists avoid highly mathematical work despite being trained in advanced mathematics, new research suggests.

Traumatic stress changes brains of boys, girls differently Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:20 AM PST Traumatic stress affects the brains of adolescent boys and girls differently, according to a new brain-scanning study. Among youth with post-traumatic stress disorder, the study found structural differences between the sexes in one part of the insula, a brain region that detects cues from the body and processes emotions and empathy. The insula helps to integrate one's feelings, actions and several other brain functions.

Immune cells may facilitate tumor growth by forming primitive vascular channels Posted: 11 Nov 2016 10:07 AM PST A new study suggests there may be a way to limit tumor growth by targeting immune system cells called macrophages.

Protozoan parasite increases risk of colitis, study reveals Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:11 AM PST Mice infected with the common gut parasite Tritrichomonas muris are at an increased risk of developing inflammatory colitis, new research shows. These findings expand the type of gut-resident microorganism that can affect the health of their host and suggest that related parasites may cause gastrointestinal disease in humans.

Brain development: How a 'molecular compass' regulates proper cell division Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST Researchers have unraveled how a tiny microRNA molecule controls growth and differentiation of brain cells.

Skin bacteria could protect against disease Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST There are more and more examples of the ways in which we can benefit from our bacteria. According to new research, this is true for the skin as well. The work has shown that the most common bacteria on human skin secrete a protein which protects us from the reactive oxygen species thought to contribute to several skin diseases. The protein has an equally strong effect on dangerous oxygen species as known antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E.

Genomic tools to combat the spread of the invasive Asian longhorned beetle Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST The Asian longhorned beetle, also known as the starry sky beetle, is native to eastern Asia but has successfully invaded North America and Europe where it infests maple, birch, willow, elm, and poplar trees. An international team of scientists report on the sequencing, annotation, and comparative exploration of this beetle's genome in an effort to develop novel tools to combat its spread and better understand the biology of invasive wood-boring pests.

New findings about the deformed wing virus, a major factor in honey bee colony mortality Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST In recent years, massive losses of honey bee colonies have occurred during winter in Europe and North America. It could be shown that the Varroa mite and the deformed wing virus are the main factors responsible for the alarming bee mortality. Researchers have succeeded for the first time in simulating the course of disease using artificial genetic material of the virus.

City dwellers in Middle Ages no worse off than village dwellers Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST City dwellers in the Middle Ages were probably no worse off than people living in villages. Both groups had very different health risks, one experts has concluded.

New findings show promise for treatment of Graves' disease and other ocular disorders Posted: 11 Nov 2016 09:07 AM PST Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands that block myofibroblast formation and collagen production in thyroid eye disease may be the key, according to a new report.

How lightning strikes can improve storm forecasts Posted: 11 Nov 2016 06:48 AM PST Real-time lightning observations could significantly improve forecasts of large storm events, say scientists. Apart from ground stations, weather forecasts are heavily dependent on weather satellites for information to start or "initialize" the numerical weather prediction models that are the foundation of modern weather prediction. What's missing is accurate, real-time information about air moisture content, temperature and wind speed in places where there are no ground stations.

Teens with asthma almost twice as likely to smoke as their healthy counterparts Posted: 11 Nov 2016 06:47 AM PST Curiosity is a driving factor in why most kids start smoking, and the same is true for kids with asthma. A new study found adolescents with asthma were twice as likely to smoke as kids without asthma. And they continue to smoke well into their teen years, even though they know smoking is particularly bad for their lungs.

Odds of having asthma 53 percent higher in food deserts Posted: 11 Nov 2016 06:47 AM PST Living in a food desert – an urban area where it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food – means you're at increased risk to have asthma. Children who were studied who did not have access to fresh fruits and vegetables had higher rates of asthma than children who did have access.

Using pectin to advance neuron-like electronic systems Posted: 11 Nov 2016 06:47 AM PST A team of scientists have used pectin with a high degree of methylation as the medium to create a new architecture of hybrid device with a double-layered polyelectrolyte that alone drives memristive behavior.

Meteorites reveal lasting drought on Mars Posted: 11 Nov 2016 06:47 AM PST The lack of liquid water on the surface of Mars today has been demonstrated by new evidence in the form of meteorites on the Red Planet examined by an international team of planetary scientists.

Link between constipation, kidney disease uncovered Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:30 PM PST Individuals with constipation had a 13% higher likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease and a 9% higher likelihood of developing kidney failure compared with individuals without constipation, report investigators. More severe constipation was linked with an incrementally higher risk for both chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.

Breakthrough in the quantum transfer of information between matter and light Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:27 PM PST From stationary to flying qubits at speeds never reached before…. This feat brings us a little closer to the era when information is transmitted via quantum principles.

Sponge on a string test could replace endoscopies Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:27 PM PST A 'sponge on a string' pill test can identify which people with a condition called Barrett's esophagus have a low risk of developing esophageal cancer - sparing them uncomfortable endoscopies.

Global progress on reducing child deaths largely due to fewer cases of pneumonia, diarrhea, death during birth, malaria and measles Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:27 PM PST Estimates for 2015 suggest that 5.9 million children worldwide died before reaching the age of five, including 2.7 million newborns. Globally, four million fewer child deaths occurred in 2015 than in 2000, mainly thanks to reductions in deaths from pneumonia, diarrhea, death during birth, malaria and measles. However, progress on reducing newborn deaths has been slower meaning that as a whole the world failed to reach the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of reducing child deaths by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015.

Novel analysis technique helps solve Beagle 2 mystery Posted: 10 Nov 2016 06:27 PM PST The Mars lander Beagle 2 deployed at least three or all four of its solar panels, scientists report. The probe was discovered on the Red Planet in November 2014, but uncertainty surrounded what had caused its failure to communicate with Earth. Now researchers say that Beagle 2 did not crash, but landed and probably deployed most of its panels.

Solar physicist finds new way to study the inner workings of the sun Posted: 10 Nov 2016 01:30 PM PST Neutrinos from the sun carry information about its fiery core but they are extremely hard to detect. Now, researchers may have found a much easier and less expensive way to study these elusive particles.

Scientists create heart cells better, faster, stronger Posted: 10 Nov 2016 01:29 PM PST Two chemicals have improved the speed, quantity, and quality of direct cardiac reprogramming, bringing the technology one step closer to regenerating damaged hearts, report scientists.

Probiotics improve cognition in Alzheimer's patients Posted: 10 Nov 2016 01:28 PM PST For the first time, scientists have shown that probiotics -- beneficial live bacteria and yeasts taken as dietary supplements -- can improve cognitive function in humans. In a new clinical trial, scientists show that a daily dose of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria taken over a period of just 12 weeks is enough to yield a moderate but significant improvement in the score of elderly Alzheimer's patients on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, a standard measure of cognitive impairment.

New eye pressure test could prevent vision loss in older adults Posted: 10 Nov 2016 01:00 PM PST By age 75, approximately half of all Americans will develop cloudy vision caused by cataracts. The most common complication from cataract surgery is high eye pressure, which can cause swelling and other issues that can lead to vision loss or even blindness. Now, researchers recommend a new test to check eye pressure to prevent possible vision loss.

Ancient, methane-derived carbon discovered in stoneflies Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:59 PM PST The first example of freshwater consumers using ancient methane-derived carbon has been revealed by researchers. This discovery represents the most extensive example of a methane-derived carbon contribution to a river ecosystem.

'Exceptional' nanosensor architecture based on exceptional points Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:58 PM PST Researchers have developed a novel design for a compact, ultra-sensitive nanosensor that can be used to make portable health-monitoring devices and to detect minute quantities of toxins and explosives for security applications.

Repeatedly thinking about work-family conflict linked to health problems Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:58 PM PST Thinking over and over again about conflicts between your job and personal life is likely to damage both your mental and physical health, research suggests. The study included more than 200 people, with results showing that "repetitive thought" was a pathway between work-family conflict and negative outcomes in six different health categories.

$384,961.42 for a house? When precise bids work and when they backfire Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:57 PM PST Making a very precise offer for a car or a house may hurt your chances of success if you're negotiating with someone who has expertise in that area, according to research. Results from a series of studies show that precise bids – for example, $9,572.36 or $384,961.42 – are more effective with novice negotiators, who tend to interpret higher precision as a sign of competence. Experts, on the other hand, found moderately precise bids to be most persuasive.

Will unanticipated genetic mutations lead to subsequent disease? Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:56 PM PST People carrying a genetic mutation in certain cancer and cardiovascular conditions are at greater risk for those conditions regardless of family history, new research reveals.

Predators can drive increase in virus populations Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:53 PM PST The transparent belly of a tiny beast has revealed how algae-infecting chloroviruses bloom in freshwater around the world, says a new study.

Increased smartphone screen-time associated with lower sleep quality Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:50 PM PST Exposure to smartphone screens is associated with lower sleep quality, according to a study that used a smartphone app to record the daily screen-time of over 650 adults.

Narwhal echolocation beams may be the most directional of any species Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:49 PM PST Analysis of some of the first recordings of wintering narwhals showed that they may have the most directional sonar of any species. Understanding how these whales use sound could help predict impacts of Arctic change, say researchers.

Rising carbon dioxide threatens coral and people who use reefs Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:48 PM PST As atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise, very few coral reef ecosystems will be spared the impacts of ocean acidification or sea surface temperature rise, according to a new analysis. The damage will cause the most immediate and serious threats where human dependence on reefs is highest.

Remote sensing data reveals hundreds more species at risk of extinction Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:48 PM PST Existing assessments of extinction risk would benefit from modern geospatial technologies, say scientists, who warn that there are hundreds more species who are at risk of extinction than is currently recognized.

DNA sequencing determines lymphoma origin, prognosis Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:47 PM PST Sequencing tiny bits of DNA circulating in the blood of patients with lymphoma can accurately identify the cancer subtype and pinpoint mutations that might cause drug resistance, according to researchers.

Particle clusters named a culprit in premature birth Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:46 PM PST A new study of more than 100 pregnant women pinpoints the abnormal buildup of mineral-protein clusters in amniotic fluid (AF) as a potential culprit in premature birth. The findings open the door to developing therapies or dietary supplements that block the formation of these particles to prevent preterm birth, a leading cause of infant death and disability. Preterm birth is often preceded by premature rupture of fetal membranes, but without an identifiable cause (such as infection or inflammation).

A warm climate is more sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:33 PM PST It is well-established in the scientific community that increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels result in global warming, but the magnitude of the effect may vary depending on average global temperature. A new study concludes that warm climates are more sensitive to changes in CO2 levels than cold climates.

Insect vector feeding recognized by machine learning Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:32 PM PST Scientists have used machine learning algorithms to teach computers to recognize the insect feeding patterns involved in pathogen transmission. The study also uncovers plant traits that might lead to the disruption of pathogen transmission and enable advances in agriculture, livestock and human health.

Neanderthal inheritance helped humans adapt to life outside of Africa Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:31 PM PST As the ancestors of modern humans made their way out of Africa to other parts of the world many thousands of years ago, they met up and in some cases had children with other forms of humans, including the Neanderthals and Denisovans. Scientists know this because traces of those meetings remain in the human genome. Now, researchers find more evidence that those encounters have benefited humans over the years.

Dinosaurs' rise was 'more gradual,' new fossil evidence suggests Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:31 PM PST Researchers have discovered two small dinosaurs together with a lagerpetid, a group of animals that are recognized as precursors of dinosaurs. The discovery made in Brazil represents the first time that a dinosaur and a dinosaur precursor have ever been found together.

Stable quantum bits can be made from complex molecules Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:30 PM PST Quantum computing is about to get more complex. Researchers have evidence that large molecules made of nickel and chromium can store and process information in the same way bytes do for digital computers. The researchers present algorithms proving it's possible to use supramolecular chemistry to connect "qubits," the basic units for quantum information processing. This approach would generate several kinds of stable qubits that could be connected together into structures called "two-qubit gates."

Self-healing materials for semi-dry conditions Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:28 PM PST Before we have self-healing cars or buildings, we need strong materials that can fully self-repair in water-free environments. Self-healing materials work very well if they are soft and wet, but research groups have found that the ability to self-repair diminishes as materials dry out. Scientists are beginning to bridge this gap with rigid materials that can repair 99% of a cut on the surface in semi-dry conditions.

Catching a tumor in a spider's web Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:26 PM PST After a decade of research, medical researchers have revealed a new designer molecule that inhibits a well-validated cancer driver through the mechanism of amyloid formation. This work demonstrates that amyloid structures can be used to rationally develop a novel class of biotechnological molecules that are able to fight a wide array of diseases. Next steps to translate this groundbreaking technology into direct benefits for patients are already being explored.

Multi-drug resistant infection spreading globally among cystic fibrosis patients Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:24 PM PST A multi-drug resistant infection that can cause life-threatening illness in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) and can spread from patient to patient has spread globally and is becoming increasingly virulent, according to new research.

Why are we ticklish? Rats are surprisingly ticklish when their mood is right Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:23 PM PST Of all physical sensations, ticklishness is perhaps the most mysterious. Why do we laugh in response to tickling? Why are certain body parts more ticklish? Why can we not tickle ourselves? Indeed, the mystery of ticklish perception has been discussed for more than two millennia by great intellectuals including Aristotle and Charles Darwin. Despite such long-standing interest, the mechanism of ticklishness remained elusive.

World's smallest magnifying glass makes it possible to see chemical bonds between atoms Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:13 PM PST For centuries, scientists believed that light, like all waves, couldn't be focused down smaller than its wavelength, just under a millionth of a meter. Now, researchers have created the world's smallest magnifying glass, which focuses light a billion times more tightly, down to the scale of single atoms.

Precaution, governance of emerging technologies Posted: 10 Nov 2016 12:10 PM PST Precautionary approaches to governance of emerging technology, which call for constraints on the use of technology whose potential harms and other outcomes are highly uncertain, are often criticized for reflecting "risk panics," but precaution can be consistent with support for science, concludes an article.

When fish come to school, kids get hooked on science Posted: 10 Nov 2016 11:59 AM PST A program that brings live fish into K-12 classrooms to teach the fundamentals of biology not only helps students learn, but improves their attitudes about science, a study finds.

Arthritis drug boosts effectiveness of antidepressant medication Posted: 10 Nov 2016 11:59 AM PST Giving severely depressed patients the arthritis drug celecoxib (Celebrex®) dramatically boosted the effectiveness of their antidepressant medication, a new study has found.

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