الأربعاء، 21 ديسمبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Illuminating cancer: Researchers invent a pH threshold sensor to improve cancer surgery

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 02:53 PM PST

Researchers have invented a transistor-like threshold sensor that can illuminate cancer tissue, helping surgeons more accurately distinguish cancerous from normal tissue.

Study details molecular roots of Alzheimer's

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 02:52 PM PST

Scientists have detailed the structure of a molecule that has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Knowing the shape of the molecule -- and how that shape may be disrupted by certain genetic mutations -- can help in understanding how Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases develop and how to prevent and treat them.

Cleaning chromium from drinking water

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 02:52 PM PST

A novel approach to neutralize a cancer-causing chemical in drinking water has been uncovered by new research. The team has found a new way to convert the dangerous chromium-6 into common chromium-3 in drinking water, making it safer for human consumption.

Scientists discover new natural source of potent anti-cancer drugs

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 02:47 PM PST

An efficient process to rapidly discover new "enediyne natural products" from soil microbes has now been developed that could be further developed into extremely potent anticancer drugs, researchers report.

Regular aspirin use may reduce risk for pancreatic cancer

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 11:13 AM PST

Regular use of aspirin by people living in Shanghai, China, was associated with decreased risk for developing pancreatic cancer, according to data published.

'Sniff test' may be useful in diagnosing early Alzheimer's disease

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 11:09 AM PST

Tests that measure the sense of smell may soon become common in neurologists' offices. Scientists have been finding increasing evidence that the sense of smell declines sharply in the early stages of Alzheimer's, and now a new study confirms that administering a simple 'sniff test' can enhance the accuracy of diagnosing this dreaded disease.

New point of attack against stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 11:09 AM PST

There is a strong suspicion that Helicobacter pylori is linked to the development of stomach cancer. Now an international team of researchers used neutrons to unveil the functionality of an important enzyme in the bacterium's metabolism. This could be used as a point of attack for new medications.

Given time, most women with anorexia or bulimia will recover

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 11:09 AM PST

Contrary to what is often believed, around two-thirds of women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa will eventually recover from their eating disorders, new research concludes.

Gelatin supplements: Good for your joints?

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 11:09 AM PST

Consuming a gelatin supplement, plus a burst of intensive exercise, can help build ligaments, tendons and bones, new research concludes.

As children with autism age, services to help with transition needed

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 07:40 AM PST

One in 45 children is diagnosed with autism. As these children age, experiences such as leaving school, finding jobs and living alone can be stressful for adolescents with autism as well as their caregivers. Researchers have conducted the first study analyzing the perspectives of adolescents with autism to identify challenges as they "age out" of services. The researchers say these findings highlight the need for social workers and providers to assist children with autism as they transition to adulthood.

Bioinformatics brings to light new combinations of drugs to fight breast cancer

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 06:51 AM PST

A bioinformatics analysis of pairing 64 drugs used to treat breast cancer has allowed researchers to identify 10 previously untested combinations with potential to tackle resistance to breast cancer treatment.

Male firefighters not at increased risk of divorce, research shows

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 06:47 AM PST

Typing "divorce rates for firefighters" into a search engine brings up page after page of scary statistics that suggest the people who willingly run into burning buildings have unstable marriages. But new research suggests that, in fact, that isn't true.

Discovering the origin of the anus and mouth

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 06:44 AM PST

The mouth and anus are not connected in the development of the embryo as earlier thought, shows a new ground-breaking study.

Better material for bone tissue regeneration

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 06:39 AM PST

A new study has revealed a technology how to cover biodegradable implants with a human skeleton similar mineral.

Antibiotic gel prevents borreliosis resulting from tick bites

Posted: 20 Dec 2016 06:39 AM PST

An antibiotic gel based on azithromycin, an antibiotic with antibacterial properties, helps to prevent the onset of Lyme borreliosis following a tick bite, finds new research.

Up to 8,400 heart attacks, strokes prevented through NHS Health Checks

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 07:06 PM PST

The NHS Health Check programme in England may have prevented an estimated 4,600 to 8,400 heart attacks, strokes, or death from these causes in its first five years, according to an independent review of the program.

Light therapy effectively treats early prostate cancer

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:20 PM PST

A new non-surgical treatment for low-risk prostate cancer can effectively kill cancer cells while preserving healthy tissue, reports a new phase III clinical trial in 413 patients. The research found that around half (49 percent) of patients treated with VTP went into complete remission compared with 13.5 percent in the control group.

The man who mistook his wife for an imposter

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:10 PM PST

A new study reveals the mystery of delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS), a group of rare disorders that causes patients to become convinced that a loved one has been replaced by an imposter. The investigators mapped brain injuries in 17 patients with DMS to determine origins of these disorders. Injuries were linked to areas in the brain associated with familiarity perception and belief evaluation, providing a neuro-anatomical mechanism underlying misidentification syndromes.

Colorectal cancer prevention: A proven benefit of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:10 PM PST

The comparative effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin and several supplements have now been evaluated in preventing the recurrence of advanced neoplasia (polyps that are the precursor of colorectal cancer) after polyp removal.

White matter structure in brain predicts cognitive function at ages one and two

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:09 PM PST

Patterns of white matter microstructure present at birth and that develop after birth predict the cognitive function of children at ages 1 and 2, new research has found.

Dietary sugar guidelines are based on low quality evidence, study finds

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:09 PM PST

Problems with the nutritional guidelines have been identified by a team of researchers, and in particular problems with the research that supported the guidelines' recommendations.

Low-carb diet alleviates inherited form of intellectual disability in mice

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 01:18 PM PST

Experimenting on mice with a genetic change similar to that found in people with a rare inherited disease called Kabuki syndrome, scientists report that a very low-carbohydrate diet can "open up" DNA and improve mental function.

New research shows uptick in past-month marijuana use among women of reproductive age

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 12:18 PM PST

The prevalence of past-month marijuana use among reproductive-aged women rose from 2.4 percent in 2002 to 3.9 percent in 2014, an increase of 62 percent. Past-month marijuana use was highest among those ages 18 to 25 years, reaching 7.5 percent in 2014, and significantly higher among those ages 26 to 44 years (2 percent).

Women fare better than men one year after valve replacement

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 11:41 AM PST

Women with significant aortic valve disease who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are considered higher risk than men in some respects. However, their survival rate one year after having had the procedure is higher than men, according to a new study.

Media coverage of studies needs more independent commentary

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 10:45 AM PST

Media coverage of medical studies frequently includes comments from independent experts who lack expertise in the subject or who have undisclosed academic and financial conflicts of interest, according to a study.

New biomarker predicts Alzheimer's disease, link to diabetes

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 10:44 AM PST

Higher levels of the enzyme, autotaxin, significantly predict memory impairment and type 2 diabetes. The research emphasizes the link between physical and mental health.

Landmark Alzheimer's prevention trial to evaluate third drug

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 10:38 AM PST

An international team of scientists has selected a third investigational drug to be tested in a worldwide clinical trial – already underway – aimed at finding treatments to prevent Alzheimer's disease.

How fat stores in the liver provide an energy source during fasting

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST

Researchers have shown how hungry human liver cells find energy. This study, done in rat and human liver cells, reports on the role of a small regulatory protein that acts like a beacon to help cells locate lipids and provides new information to support the development of therapies for fatty liver disease.

Detection system reads biomolecules in barcoded microgels

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 08:52 AM PST

Single-stranded, noncoding micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs), consisting of 18-23 nucleotides, play a key role in regulating gene expression. Levels of microRNAs circulating within blood can be correlated to different states of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular conditions. Many microRNAs within the blood are encapsulated within exosomes, nanoscale vesicles released by the cells. But finding these has, until now, been a challenge.

Potential treatment for pregnant women who suffer from preeclampsia found in a vitamin

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 07:05 AM PST

Vitamin B3 nicotinamide may help treat pregnant women who suffer from preeclampsia by preventing strokes and in some cases, even stimulating the growth of their fetus, research indicates.

Gut bacteria may hold key to treating autoimmune disease

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 07:01 AM PST

Defects in the body's regulatory T cells cause inflammation and autoimmune disease by altering the type of bacteria living in the gut, researchers have discovered. The study suggests that replacing the missing gut bacteria, or restoring a key metabolite called inosine, could help treat children with a rare and often fatal autoimmune disease called IPEX syndrome.

How complex cells originated

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 06:59 AM PST

Mitochondria are the "power plants" of complex cells. In order to provide the cell with energy they need protein building blocks, which are imported from the outside. Over billions of years the "protein import machines" necessary for this process have developed differently than previously assumed, as biochemists have discovered. This also casts a new light on the evolution of complex cells.

The strange effects of thinking healthy food is costlier

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:54 AM PST

Consumers believe healthy food must be more expensive than cheap eats and that higher-priced food is healthier – even when there is no supporting evidence, according to new research.

Early life social stress has long-term impact on brain networks in rats

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:54 AM PST

Investigators in veterinary and human medicine have uncovered long-term changes in the brains of adult female rats exposed to social stresses early in life, with the biggest impact on regions of the brain linked to social behavior, stress, emotion and depression. The findings will enable researchers to begin testing preventative measures and treatments for depression and anxiety.

Shortness of breath is an important signal of potential disease

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:50 AM PST

Shortness of breath is an often overlooked symptom of what may be heart failure or COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). New research shows that with early intervention, patients can avoid suffering and the need for hospitalization decreases.

Hormone concentrations in young mammals predict trade-offs later in life

Posted: 19 Dec 2016 05:50 AM PST

Early development after birth can have profound effects on survival and reproduction. Now, new research suggests that concentrations of a hormone associated with growth and aging in humans can be used to predict growth, reproduction, and lifespan in a population of wild animals.
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