الأحد، 11 ديسمبر 2016

ScienceDaily: Top News

ScienceDaily: Top News


Why can't monkeys speak? Vocal anatomy is not the problem

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 11:49 AM PST

Monkeys and apes are unable to learn new vocalizations, and for decades it has been widely believed that this inability results from limitations of their vocal anatomy: larynx, tongue and lips. But an international team of scientists has now looked inside monkeys' vocal tracts with x-rays, and found them to be much more flexible than thought before. The study indicates that the limitations that keep nonhuman primates from speaking are in their brains, rather than their vocal anatomy.

Ancient enzyme morphed shape to carry out new functions in humans

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 11:48 AM PST

A human enzyme has changed little from its days as a bacterial enzyme, new research reveals. In fact, the enzyme appears to be unique in its ability to change its shape—and its job in cells—without overhauling its basic architecture.

Erasing the line between imaging, analyzing

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 10:34 AM PST

Current biomedical imaging and sensing technologies include computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, spectroscopy, and ultrasound. These technologies are at the intersection of the physical sciences, mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Now researchers are using biomedical imaging and sensing to study everything from the development of artificial vision systems to bone biomechanics.

Linguists explore the evolution of color in new study

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 10:32 AM PST

The naming of colors has long been a topic of interest in the study of human culture and cognition -- revealing the link between perception, language, and the categorization of the natural world. A major question in the study of both anthropology and cognitive science is why the world's languages show recurrent similarities in color naming. Linguists tracked the evolution of color terms across a large language tree in Australia in order to trace the history of these systems.

Image-guided biopsy identifies patients who achieve pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 09:58 AM PST

In a pilot study, image-guided biopsies identified select breast cancer patients who achieved pathologic complete response (pCR) after chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy, neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST).

Hubble catches a transformation in the Virgo constellation

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 09:17 AM PST

The constellation of Virgo (The Virgin) is especially rich in galaxies, due in part to the presence of a massive and gravitationally-bound collection of over 1,300 galaxies called the Virgo Cluster. One particular member of this cosmic community, NGC 4388, is captured in this image, as seen by the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).

Super-flexible liquid crystal device for bendable and rollable displays

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:19 AM PST

A super flexible liquid crystal (LC) device has been developed, in which two ultra-thin plastic substrates are firmly bonded by polymer wall spacers.

Mix and match lasers

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:19 AM PST

Combining silicon with an optically active material enables tiny lasers compatible with industrial fabrication techniques, report scientists.

Potential asthma treatment worth its salt

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:19 AM PST

Investigations into novel solid forms of the anti-inflammatory drug oxaprozin may lead to a new combined asthma therapy.

Mystery of biological plastic synthesis machinery unveiled

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:18 AM PST

Plastics and other polymers are used every day. These polymers are mostly made from fossil resources by refining petrochemicals. On the other hand, many microorganisms naturally synthesize polyesters known as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as distinct granules inside cells.

New intracellular dopamine receptor function may offer hope to schizophrenia patients

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:18 AM PST

Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that plays an important role in controlling movement, emotion and cognition. Dopamine dysfunction is believed to be one of the causes of disorders like Schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Parkinson's disease.

Breast density in quantifying breast cancer risk

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:18 AM PST

There is a strong connection between breast cancer and the high rate of breast density. These are cases wherein the patient has previously undergone mammography screening and been cleared as 'normal'. A subsequent diagnosis of cancer indicates the failure of mammography to detect the breast cancer.

New evidence shows how bacterium in undercooked chicken causes Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:17 AM PST

A research team is the first to show how a common bacterium found in improperly cooked chicken causes Guillain-Barre Syndrome, or GBS. The federally funded research not only demonstrates how this food-borne bacterium, known as Campylobacter jejuni, triggers GBS, but offers new information for a cure.

Researchers identify potentially druggable mutant p53 proteins that promote cancer growth

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 08:17 AM PST

Truncated p53 proteins, presumed unimportant, now point to new drug targets for some of 'the hardest cancers,' report scientists in a new report.

Laser hardening, an increasingly flexible technology for hardening steel

Posted: 09 Dec 2016 07:00 AM PST

Researchers have validated the use of moving optics for laser hardening, which allows the process to be adapted to the shape of the part

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